JPH03274311A - Incinerating method for gasification of waste plastic and incinerator thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To install in a general company, etc., in a space conservation by sucking combustible gas generated by the combustion of a sealed primary gasification chamber by secondary air to be sucked by a jet pump, feeding it to a secondary combustion chamber, spraying, injecting mixture of kerosine, alkali, and completely burning it. CONSTITUTION:Waste plastic is ignited in a primary gas chamber 1, a valve 12a is closed, compressed air of an air compressor 5 and slow air flow of a low pressure blower 7 are supplied and it is burned in long time of 2-8 hours. Simultaneously, a valve 18d is opened, and the compressed air of the compressor 5 is supplied to a jet pump 17. Thus, generated combustible gas in the chamber 1 is sucked, and diffused together with a jet flow into a secondary combustion chamber 14. Mixture of kerosine, alkali is sprayed, and injected from a spray nozzle 32 and a secondary burner 24, completely burned to be non-polluted and made nontoxic.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention "Field of Industrial Application" The present invention is applicable to P, P, (polypropylene), P, E, (polyethylene), urethane foam, nylon, Tetron (trade name), Teflon (trade name), P.

V, C, (polyvinyl chloride), F, R, P, (fiber reinforced plastic), urea resin, fluororesins other than Teflon, waste tires and other waste plastics made of synthetic rubber and natural rubber are turned into flammable gas. The present invention relates to a simple gasification and incineration method for waste plastics that is completely combusted and does not require large-scale flue gas denitrification equipment or flue gas deflow equipment, and an incinerator therefor.

``Conventional technology'' Previously, this type of waste plastic was incinerated in a normal incinerator, but as environmental pollution became a social issue, incinerators equipped with large-scale flue gas denitrification equipment and flue gas desulfurization equipment were used. °C incinerated.

"Problem to be solved by the invention" Conventional incinerators equipped with equipment such as large-scale flue gas denitrification equipment and flue gas desulfurization equipment require a large amount of installation space, and the equipment and maintenance costs of the incinerator itself are expensive. Therefore, general companies cannot install IJI, and the waste plastics generated by their own companies must be treated as industrial waste by a processing company and incinerated in an incinerator equipped with the above equipment. This has the major drawback of increasing costs.

In addition, medical waste such as syringes and the like discharged at hospitals and the like poses a risk of infection such as AIDS during the transfer to the incinerator.

The present invention does not require equipment such as large-scale flue gas denitrification equipment or flue gas desulfurization equipment, has flue gas denitrification and desulfurization functions, requires only a small installation space, and has low equipment and maintenance costs for the incinerator itself. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a simple gasification and incineration method for waste plastics that can be installed in general companies, hospitals, etc., and an incinerator for the same.

Means for Solving the Problems J In order to achieve the above object, the present invention ignites waste plastic with an ignition burner, burns it for a long time of 2 to 8 hours while supplying a breeze, and generates combustible gas. a sealed primary gasification chamber in which gas is generated, and the combustible gas from the primary gasification chamber is transferred to a secondary combustion chamber connected to the primary gasification chamber via a passage;
A jet pump installed in the passage makes the primary gasification chamber negative pressure and supplies it together with secondary combustion air.The secondary combustion chamber is equipped with a spray nozzle and a secondary burner, and the nozzle and burner are filled with kerosene and alkali. or the mixture and the nozzle are separately supplied with alkali, and the compressed air from the first fluid inlet of the jet pump and the secondary combustion air from the second fluid inlet are used to provide sufficient combustion in the secondary combustion chamber. At the same time, the combustible gas generated in the primary gasification chamber is sent in using the vacuum pressure generated by the jet pump, and the combustible gas is completely combusted by the secondary burner in the secondary combustion chamber, and the combustible gas is φ acid gas, NOX,
It causes a gas phase reaction between harmful gases such as SO2, toxic gases, and alkalis, water, etc., and neutralizes and absorbs them to render them harmless and non-toxic.

"Function" The present invention burns waste plastic in a sealed primary gasification chamber 1 while supplying a breeze to turn it into combustible gas, and uses compressed air from an air compressor 5 to accelerate secondary combustion air from a fan 19 using a jet pump. The combustible gas is sent into the secondary combustion chamber 14 along with the compressed air and the accelerated secondary combustion air using the vacuum force of the secondary burner 24.
Since the kerosene is completely combusted, there is almost no generation of soot, ash, or dust, and the generation of soot and smoke can be prevented.

In addition, if the waste plastic contains chlorine (CI), it becomes chlorine gas (CtZ) and enters the primary gasification chamber 1.
Reacts with water (U2O) inside or in the secondary combustion chamber 14,
Hydrochloric acid gas (HCI) is sent into the secondary combustion chamber 14 or generated within the secondary combustion chamber 14 according to the following equation.

2Ch +2JO→2HC110□ This acidic hydrochloric acid reacts with the alkali (for example, caustic soda) supplied into the secondary combustion chamber 14 by the spray nozzle 23 and the secondary burner 24, and is neutralized by the following formula and becomes harmless. be converted into

HCI + NaOH- + NaCl + l (g.

In addition, S (sulfur) contained in waste tires, etc. is burned in the primary gasification chamber 1, and is converted into toxic sulfur oxide (SO,
), and a portion is sent into the secondary combustion chamber 14.

S10t→S02 Cough sulfur oxides are partially transferred to the gasification chamber 1 and secondary combustion chamber 14
When it comes in contact with water, it produces sulfuric acid and sulfur according to the following formula.

3SOt +2H! 0-HtS! Oa+It! S.O.
4Hg5zO1→S +HzSO< Here, the sulfur in the above equation is the primary gasification chamber l, the secondary combustion chamber 14
As shown in the above equation, sulfuric acid and sulfur are produced again in the secondary combustion chamber 14, and sulfuric acid and a very small amount of sulfur oxide and sulfur are present in the secondary combustion chamber 14. As described above, sulfuric acid is neutralized and detoxified by reacting with caustic soda according to the following formula, and a remarkable desulfurization effect is achieved.

142SO4+2NaOH-+NazSO1+2HzO
Furthermore, nitrogen oxides (No.) produced by the combustion of waste plastics containing nitrogen (N) are atomized and injected into the secondary combustion chamber 14 by a spray nozzle 23 and a secondary burner 24 to supply an alkali. becomes an absorbing liquid and is absorbed and removed.

"Example" Now, a schematic mechanical diagram showing an example of implementing the present invention will be explained in detail.

L is a part of the gasification chamber, and the inner wall is surrounded by stainless FJL plates or iron plates lined with refractories to form the top, bottom, and side walls to provide airtightness, and from the front side wall to the earthen wall. A waste inlet door 2a is provided which opens the waste inlet 2 and closes the inlet 2 in a freely openable and closable manner.

Reference numeral 3 denotes a plurality of air supply holes drilled in the lower wall, intermediate and lower side walls of the primary gasification chamber l, and an air pipe 4 is connected to a part of the air supply hole 3 bored in the lower wall through a valve 4a. The remaining lower wall and lower side wall air supply holes 3 are connected to a low pressure blower (turbo blower) 7 via a manual valve 8 by an air vibro, and the compressed air from the air compressor 5 and the low pressure blower are connected to the air supply hole 3 of the remaining lower wall and lower side wall. A part of the air supply hole 3 in the intermediate side wall is connected to a duct 9 disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate side wall of the gasification chamber 1 via a branch vibro a of the air pipe and a valve 6b. A breeze is supplied from the low pressure blower 7. 10
is an ignition burner partially installed on the lower side wall of the gasification chamber 1, which connects the gas pipe 12 through the LPG cylinder 11 and the valve 12a.
When the valve 12a is closed after ignition, air is prevented from flowing into the primary gasification chamber l via the ignition burner 10. I3 is a lower input/ash removal port opened in the lower front side wall of the primary gasification chamber 1, and is equipped with a lower input/ash removal door 13a that can be opened and closed to input large waste such as scrap tires. The door 13a is opened to take out the ash after combustion in the primary gasification chamber 1, and the door 13a is closed to seal the outlet 13 when the primary gasification chamber 1 is incinerated.

14 is a cylindrical or prismatic secondary combustion chamber partially installed at the rear and upper part of the gasification chamber 1 with both front and rear sides closed, and like the gasification chamber 1, the inner wall is made of stainless steel plate or lining with refractory material. The front and rear sides of a circular or square shape, as well as the cylindrical side surface, are surrounded by iron plates to provide airtightness. Reference numeral 15 denotes a passage that passes through and communicates with the earthen wall of the primary gasification chamber 1 and the center of the front wall of the secondary combustion chamber 14, and is connected to the central passage 15a of the secondary combustion chamber 14 and the passage rising from the primary gasification chamber l. 15b, and the inner wall is surrounded by a stainless steel plate or iron plate lined with refractory material to provide airtightness.
It is configured by providing. A jet pump 17 is installed on the side wall 16 of the central passage 15a facing the front wall of the secondary combustion chamber 14 so that its tip does not reach the rising passage 15b, and has a first driving fluid inlet 17a. The air compressor 5 and the air pipe 18 are connected through a valve 18a, and the second fluid manifold 17b is connected to the secondary combustion air supply turbo fan 19 through a valve 20a through an air pipe 20. 21 is the side wall 16
This is a tapered hole provided on the secondary combustion chamber 14 side of the central passage 15a of which is enlarged on the combustion chamber 14 side. 22 is the exhaust pipe,
It opens on the upper surface of the cylindrical side surface near the rear wall separated from the tapered hole 21 of the passage 15a of the secondary combustion chamber 14, and a temperature sensor TIC is installed on the west side of the exhaust pipe 22.
When the temperature inside the burner 4 drops below 700 to 800°C, the TIC may automatically ignite the burner 24, which will be described later, to burn kerosene, as is well known. 23 is a spray nozzle, which is installed at the upper corner of the junction between the front wall and the cylindrical side surface of the secondary combustion chamber 14, which is separated from the IJL cylinder 22 and close to the tapered hole 21; Like the spray nozzle 23, it is provided at the lower corner of the junction between the front wall and the cylindrical side surface of the secondary combustion chamber 14, and is connected to the oil pipes 25 and 26, respectively.
The proximal ends of 26 are connected to an oil vibe 27 via valves 25a and 26a, and are connected to a kerosene tank 28 containing an alkali such as caustic soda (NaOH) via an oil pump 29. A mixture of kerosene and alkali is atomized and injected into the secondary combustion chamber 14 by the spray nozzle 23, and at the same time, the kerosene is vigorously burned by the secondary burner 24 and the alkali is atomized and injected. 30 is a tank exclusively for alkali such as caustic soda, and the tank 30 and the oil vibe 25 connected to the spray nozzle 23 are sequentially connected to the alkali pump 31 and the valve 32a.
When incinerating waste plastics such as vinyl chloride that generate a large amount of acidic gas, the valve 32a is opened and the alkali pump 31 atomizes and injects a large amount of alkali from the spray nozzle 23. This is what I did.

To use this, open the waste input door 2a or the lower input ashless outlet door 13a, and input the waste plastic into the primary gasification chamber l.
Alternatively, seal the input/ash removal exit door 13a, ignite the waste plastic with the ignition burner lO, close the valve 12a to prevent air from flowing in from the ignition nozzle lO, and close the air pipe 46 and branch vibro. each valve 4a of a;
Air compressor 5 via manual valve 8 and valve 6b
of compressed air and a breeze of low pressure pro'77,
At the same time as starting combustion over a long period of 8 hours, valve 18
a, and use the compressed air from the air compressor 5 as the driving fluid to operate the jet pump 17 in the first fluid chamber 17.
When the air is supplied to a, the valve 20a is opened and the secondary combustion air is supplied from the turbo fan 19 through the air pipe 20.
The secondary combustion air supplied to the second fluid chamber 17b has a high speed, and the central passage 1 of the secondary combustion chamber 14 in the side wall 16
It is blown into the secondary combustion chamber 14 from 5a through the tapered hole 21. At this time, the rising passage 15b from the upper surface of the primary gasification chamber l to the central passage 15a becomes vacuum,
The primary gasification chamber 1 is made to have a negative pressure, and combustible gas, acidic gas, NO, etc. generated in the gasification chamber 1 are blown into the secondary combustion chamber 14 together with a jet stream of secondary combustion air.

The combustible gas blown into the secondary combustion chamber 14 is passed through the air pipe 18 to the air compressor 5 'C.
A sufficient amount of combustion oxygen is provided from the compressed air from the turbo fan 19 and the secondary combustion air from the air pipe 20, and the secondary combustion air is supplied with kerosene which is atomized and injected by the SFU' L/- nozzle 23. It is ignited by the kerosene flame from the burner 24 and completely burns.

In addition, acidic gases such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid produced when chlorine, sulfur, etc. in waste plastic come into contact with water are sprayed and injected from the spray nozzle 23 and the secondary burner 24, and from the kerosene tank 28 and the alkali tank 30. alkali
It is neutralized by a gas phase reaction with (NaOH etc.) and becomes a harmless or non-toxic salt.

Furthermore, nitrogen oxides (NOX) are removed from the spray nozzle 23.
and alkali (N) sprayed from the burner 24.
aOH etc.) and removed.

"Effects of the Invention" With the above configuration, the present invention does not require any large-scale dedicated equipment for flue gas denitrification and flue gas desulfurization, and is comprised only of the primary gasification chamber 1 and the secondary combustion chamber 14. Therefore, the configuration is simple, equipment costs and maintenance costs are low, there are few breakdowns, and the installation space is small. It is possible to safely dispose of waste plastics emitted by plants without the risk of causing pollution, and it is possible to significantly reduce the cost of processing waste plastic snacks.

In addition, medical waste generated at hospitals can be incinerated at each hospital, making it possible to safely dispose of it without fear of infection with AIDS or the like.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The accompanying drawings show an example of the implementation of the present invention, and are schematic diagrams of the incinerator of the present invention, partially in cross section. l---Primary gasification chamber, 2...-Waste inlet, 2a
...Waste input door, 3...Air supply hole, 4-Air pipe, 4a...Valve, 5-Air compressor 6...
・Air pipe, 6a...branch pipe, 6a-"valve,
7--Low pressure blower, 8-Manual valve, 9-Duct, 1
0-1゛Ignition burner 11...LPG cylinder, 12
Gas pipe, 12a...-valve, 13--lower input and ash removal outlet, 13a-lower input ashless outlet door, 14 secondary combustion chamber, 15-passage, 15a-center passage, 15b-rising passageway, 16-・Side wall, 17 Jet pump, l 7
a - first fluid inlet for driving; 17b - second fluid inlet;
18-air pipe, 18a...-valve, 19-secondary combustion air supply turbo fan, 2o...-air pipe, 2
0a-valve, 21--Taber hole, 22-exhaust pipe, 23-
Spray nozzle, 24...-Secondary burner 25.26
Oil pipe, 25a, 26a-valve, 27-oil pipe, 28-kerosene tank, 29--oil pump, 30-
・-Alkali tank, 31-Alkali pump, 32
-・Pipe, 32a-valve.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Combustible gas from a sealed primary gasification chamber where waste plastic is ignited with an ignition burner and burned for 2 to 8 hours while supplying a breeze, and secondary combustion air is supplied using a jet pump. At the same time, the primary gasification chamber is turned into a negative pressure and supplied to the secondary combustion chamber, and a mixture of kerosene and alkali is sprayed and injected into the secondary combustion chamber by a spray nozzle and a secondary burner. A method for gasification and incineration of waste plastics, characterized in that the waste plastics are completely combusted, and the waste plastics are made harmless and non-toxic by causing a gas phase reaction with harmful gases and poisonous gases in the gas, and neutralizing and absorbing them. 2. The method for gasifying and incinerating waste plastics according to claim 1, characterized in that the alkali is sprayed and injected from the spray nozzle in addition to the mixture of kerosene and alkali from the spray nozzle and the secondary burner. 3. A waste inlet is opened to the upper side, a waste inlet door that seals the inlet is openable and closable, and a plurality of air supply holes are bored in the bottom, middle, and lower side. Each is provided with a sealed primary gasification chamber equipped with an air pipe connected to an air compressor and a low-pressure blower, and an ignition burner is installed on the lower side of the gasification chamber to prevent air from flowing into the gasification chamber after ignition. A secondary combustion chamber is installed above the gasification chamber, a passage is provided that communicates the upper side of the gasification chamber with the side of the secondary combustion chamber, and the primary gasification chamber and the secondary combustion chamber are connected to each other. a jet pump is installed in the passage, and a first fluid inlet for driving the jet pump and the air compressor are connected via an air pipe,
A secondary combustion air supply fan is connected to the second fluid inlet of the jet pump, an exhaust hole is opened above the secondary combustion chamber, and a spray nozzle is installed above the secondary combustion chamber and separated from the exhaust hole. A mixing tank for kerosene and alkali is connected to the spray nozzle and the secondary burner via a pump, and the kerosene and alkali are atomized and injected from the spray nozzle, and the gas is A waste plastic gasification incinerator characterized by burning gas from a gasification chamber. 4. The waste plastic gasification incinerator according to claim 3, further comprising a tank exclusively for alkali connected between the kerosene and alkali mixing tank and the spray nozzle via a pump.