JPH03236709A - Digging harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To smoothly separate crops from soil, prevent the entanglement of waste materials and attain excellent digging efficiency by providing a rotary blade having a plurality of protruded blades having large protrusion width and supporting the rotary blade in a vertically movable manner. CONSTITUTION:Crops and soil dug with a digging blade 14 and transferred by the conveyor 44 are pressed from above with a rotary blade 48 having large protrusion width and positioned above a conveyor 44. Since the rotary blade is supported with a movable supporting member 28, it can be moved in vertical direction according to the thickness of the crop and soil. The crops and soil successively transferred according to the motion of the conveyor 44 are pressed with the rotating blade. The soil lumps are crushed if any, and the crops are separated from the soil. Since the protruded width of the blade is large and the blade is positioned above, there is no entanglement of transferred waste materials.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to an excavator for digging up and harvesting various root vegetables, bulbs, etc. from the ground.

BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, various root vegetables, bulbs, etc. have been cultivated as edible or ornamental crops. All of these bulbous vegetables store nutrients in their underground roots, stems, leaves, etc., and grow into spherical or clumpy shapes. Therefore, they are dug up from the ground and harvested for food or ornamental purposes. At that time, when the cultivation area is large, a digging machine suitable for the harvested product is adopted, taking into consideration the reduction of labor burden and improvement of digging efficiency.

In such a digging machine, a conveyor whose rear end is raised higher than the leading end and is inclined is generally installed behind the digging blade to form a transport route for the harvested material. Therefore, when the harvested material is dug up from the ground with a digging blade and conveyed on a conveyor, the harvested material is separated from the dug up soil during the process, making it easier to collect. However, if the soil clod is easily deformed due to the soil quality or the influence of the moisture contained in the soil, simply transporting it on a conveyor may cause the harvested material to reach the final position while still being contained in the soil clod. It becomes difficult to separate. Therefore, the present applicant installed a plurality of rotating protrusions in parallel behind the conveyor, each consisting of a rotating shaft in which a large number of star-shaped protrusions are sequentially arranged at equal intervals along the axis, and drives each of these rotating axes. Equipped with a mechanism to transmit force, we developed a structure that crushes soil clods and transports the harvested material further backwards while shaking the soil.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, if such rotating protrusions are installed on the transportation route for crops, if there is waste such as the above-ground parts of crops scattered on the ground, etc., the rotating protrusions will This causes inconveniences such as complicated rotation, which makes it impossible to rotate smoothly and eventually stops. Moreover, since it is difficult to remove entangled objects, the labor and time required to remove them become large, reducing the excavation efficiency.

The present invention has been made by focusing on such conventional problems, and provides an excavator that can effectively separate harvested products from the soil, eliminate entanglement of waste, and exhibit excellent excavation efficiency. The purpose is to

Means for Solving the Problems Means for achieving the above objects will be explained below with reference to FIGS. 1, 2, and 4, which correspond to embodiments.

This excavator has a conveyor 44, which is tilted with its rear end raised higher than its front end, connected to the rear of the excavator blade 14 to form a transport route for the harvested material. , a rotating blade 48 consisting of a rotating shaft 54 having a plurality of protruding wide blades 52 protrudingly provided, and the rotating blade 48
It is provided with a movable support body 28 that supports the body so as to be movable up and down.

Or, a large number of hairs 74 are densely planted behind the conveyor,
A rotating brush 7 consisting of a rotating shaft 30 with some bristles 74' protruding longer than other bristles along the width direction of the conveyor 44.
A plurality of 0's 5ti2 are provided, and mechanisms 68 and 72 for transmitting driving force to each of the rotating wheels 30 are provided.

It is preferable to provide the rotating blades 48 and the movable support 28 near the top of the conveyor 44, and also to provide the rotating brush 70 and the driving force transmission mechanism 68, 72 behind the conveyor 44.

Operation With the above structure, the rotary blade 48 near the top of the conveyor 44 is dug up by the digging blade 14, and the conveyor 44 is dug up by the digging blade 14.
It rests on the harvested materials and soil that are sent in, and presses them with wide blades 52 protruding from above to add weight to them. Furthermore, since the rotary blade 52 is supported by the movable support 28, it can be moved up and down as appropriate depending on the thickness of the harvested product and the soil. Therefore, as the conveyor 44 moves, the blades 52 press and rotate the harvested material and soil that are sent one after another, and the resistance at that time crushes any clods of soil and separates the harvested material from the soil. At this time, since the protruding width of the blade 52 is wide and positioned upward, even if waste is sent, it will not become entangled.

Furthermore, when a plurality of rotating brushes 70 are arranged in parallel behind the conveyor 44 and driven, the conveyance path of the harvest is extended by the rotating brushes 70, so that the harvest and soil sent from the conveyor 44 are transfers to the rotating brush 70 side. Then, the harvested product is rubbed with the densely planted bristles 74 of each rotating brush 70 to remove soil from the surface, and the soil clods are also rubbed in the same way and are successively reduced in size. Further, the harvested material is sent backward by the long bristles 74- provided on each rotating brush 70.

However, since a required gap is provided between each rotating brush 70, clods of soil and the like fall one after another from there, and the harvested product is shaken out. At that time, by adjusting the gap, even small crops that would be defective can be dropped, making it possible to sort them. Furthermore, since the hairs 74 have elasticity and are densely planted, they do not get tangled even if waste is sent.

Then, if a rotating blade 48 or the like is provided near the upper part of the conveyor 44, and a rotating brush 7O or the like is provided behind the conveyor 44, first, the upper rotating brush 70 crushes the clod with the rotating blade 48.
Since the harvested material and soil clods are rubbed and shaken, the harvested material can be better separated from the soil.

Example Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a diagram showing the rotating blade adopted in the tractor excavator to which the present invention is applied, Figure 2 is a diagram showing the rotating brush adopted in the excavator, and Figure 3 is the right side of the excavator. It is a front view.

In the figure, 10 is the side plate of the machine frame, 12 is the connecting frame with the tractor,
Reference numeral 14 denotes a digging blade located at the tip of the harvest conveyance mechanism supported by these. Further, 16 is an input shaft connected to the PTO shaft of the tractor and inputs rotational power to the excavator side, and 18 is a bevel gear box for converting the rotational power in the right angle direction. This rotational power becomes a driving source and is transmitted to each rotating shaft via pulleys, V-belts, etc.

20 is a wheel that supports the container stand, 22 is a pressure roller that presses and flattens the excavated ground, and 24 is a container stand for accumulating crops. These wheels 20 and rollers 22 can be moved up and down to adjust their positions according to the planting conditions and soil conditions. 26 is a safety cover that covers the pulley and V-belt that transmit the rotational power, 28 is a movable support that supports the rotating blades, and 30 (30a, . . . 30e) is the shaft of each rotating brush. Note that 32 and 34 are support rods for the cover that prevent soil, etc. from flying away from the rotating brush in unnecessary directions.

FIG. 4 is a right side view mainly showing the harvest conveyance mechanism of the excavator, and FIG. 5 is a plan view thereof. In the figure, reference numeral 36 denotes a V-belt located outside near the right side plate 10 of the machine frame and suspended between the main shaft pulley 38 and the driven pulley 40 that transmit rotational power.
42 is a rotating shaft to which the driven pulley 40 is fixed; 44 is a link rod chain conveyor that receives driving force from the rotating shaft 42 via a gear; 46 is a rotating shaft equipped with a gear that suspends the front end of the conveyor 44. This conveyor 44 is connected to the rear of the digging blade 14, and is arranged with the rear end raised higher than the front end and inclined. Reference numeral 48 denotes a rotary blade installed near the upper front end of the center of the conveyor 44 and supported by the movable support 28;
0 is a stopper that restricts its downward movement beyond a certain level.

As shown in FIG.
Blades 52 (52a,...5) with wide protruding widths
2d) is composed of rotating shafts 54 protruding at equal intervals along the outer periphery. A rubber plate is used for each blade 52, and a metal rod or the like is used for the rotating shaft 54, thereby increasing the overall weight. Each blade 52 is attached to one mounting plate 56 which is welded to the rotating shaft 54 respectively.
(56a,...56d>, the pair of mounting plates 58 (58a,...58d) and bolts 60
(60a1--60d>). Moreover, the protruding width of each blade 52 is provided continuously along the rotating shaft 54, and is made to substantially match the width of the conveyor 44.

Incidentally, the blades can be provided intermittently, but if the harvested product is large, the discontinuous points will cause damage and the waste will easily become entangled. Furthermore, the movable support body 28 is composed of two columns 62 whose lower ends are fixed to the left and right side plates 10 of the machine frame, respectively, and both arms 64 projecting from their upper ends.

Both ends of the rotary shaft 54 are supported by the tips of both arms 64, and since each of these attachments uses the root as a fulcrum 66, the rotary blade 48 supported by both arms 64 can move up and down.

Reference numeral 68 designates a first chain that also receives driving force from the rotating shaft 42 via gears. Also, 70 (70a,...
...70e) is a plurality of rotating brushes, for example, five, arranged in parallel, connected to the rear of the conveyor 44, and 72 is four rotating brushes 70b excluding the first rotating brush 70a.
. . 70e is a second chain that transmits driving force to each rotating shaft 30 through gears. Note that the rear end of the first chain 68 is connected to a rotating brush 70a following the conveyor 44.
The second
The chain 72 receives a driving force from the other end of the shaft 30a via a gear.

These rotating brushes 70 are placed close to each other at the same height, with each rotating shaft 30 arranged in parallel in a row, and installed slightly lower than the rear end position of the conveyor 44. Furthermore, each rotating brush 70 is densely planted with countless bristles 74 as shown in FIG. It is composed of a rotating shaft 30. hair 7
4 is made of elastic plastic, and the rotating shaft 30 is made of a wooden stick. In addition, both ends of the wooden sticks are reinforced with metal rods.

Reference numeral 76 is a V-belt that is arranged with its rear end lowered and inclined on the outside near the left side plate 10 of the machine frame, and is suspended between a main shaft pulley 78 and a driven pulley 80 that transmit rotary power, and 82 is a V-belt to which the driven pulley 80 is fixed. It is the axis of rotation. As shown in FIG. 4, driving force is transmitted from this rotating shaft 82 to the pressure roller 22 via gears, a chain 84, and the like.

Potatoes, konjac,
When digging up carrots and other bulbous vegetables, the machine is pulled by a tractor and moved along the ridges. At this time, the conveyor 44 and each rotary brush 70 forming the transport route for the harvest rotate to send the harvest from the front to the rear. When the digging blade 14 is inserted into the ground to a required depth and dug up, the harvested crops and soil first ride on the front end of the conveyor 44 and are sent to the rear. However, since fine soil leaks and falls one after another from the holes of the conveyor 44, mainly harvested products and clods of soil are sent. However, since the rotating blades 48 are present near the upper part of the center of the conveyor 44,
It rests on the harvested material, soil clods, etc., and presses it with wide blades 52 protruding from above to add weight. Furthermore, since the rotary blades 48 are supported by the movable support 28, they can be moved up and down as appropriate depending on the size of the harvested material or clod of soil. Therefore, as the conveyor 44 moves, each blade 52 presses and rotates the crops and soil clods that are sent one after another, and the resistance at that time crushes the soil clods and separates the crops contained therein. . Note that the length of each blade 52 along the rotation axis 54, that is, the protrusion width is wide, and since it is located upward, even if waste such as the above-ground part of the harvest is sent, it will not become entangled.

As a result, harvested products and compacted earth clods are sent to the rear end of the conveyor 44 and transferred to the first rotating brush 70a. Then, the harvested product is rubbed by the densely planted bristles 74 of each rotating brush 70 to remove soil from the surface, and the soil clods are also rubbed in the same way to further reduce the size. In addition, each rotating brush 7 is used for harvesting, etc.
The long bristles 74- provided at 0 are sequentially sent backward.

However, since a required gap is provided between each of the rotating brushes 70, compacted clods of soil and fine soil sequentially fall from there, and the harvested product is shaken out. At that time, by adjusting the gap, even small crops that would be defective can be dropped, making it possible to sort them. Furthermore, since the hairs 74 have elasticity and are densely planted, they do not get tangled even if waste is sent. In this way, the shaken harvest is transferred to the final rotating brush 7.
Drop into the container from 0e and accumulate.

Although one rotary blade is installed in this embodiment, a plurality of rotary blades may be installed.

According to the present invention, which has been described in detail, by providing a rotary blade, it is possible to crush soil clods and separate the harvested material from the soil, and it is possible to exhibit excellent excavation efficiency without getting entangled with waste. can. Moreover, since the rotary blades are moved up and down while being supported by a movable support, the harvested products are not damaged.

Furthermore, by providing a plurality of rotating brushes, the harvested material and soil clods can be frozen and shaken to separate the harvested material from the soil well, and there is no waste entangled, making it possible to exhibit excellent excavation efficiency. What's more, because the tips of the densely planted hairs are rubbed together and the long hairs are used to move them, the crops are not damaged.

If rotary blades, rotary brushes, etc. are both provided, the harvested material can be separated from the soil even better and the digging efficiency can be improved through the cooperative work of the two.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a rotary blade adopted in a tractor excavator to which the present invention is applied;
8) The figure is a sectional view taken along line X-X. Figure 2 is a diagram showing the rotating brush adopted in the excavator, and its (A> figure is a front view (however, the bristles on the front side are omitted),
B) The figure is a sectional view taken along the line Y-Y. Figure 3 is a right side view of the excavator. FIG. 4 is a right side view mainly showing the harvest conveyance mechanism of the excavator, and FIG. 5 is a plan view thereof. 14... Digging blade 28... Movable support body 30.54
... Rotating shaft 44... Conveyor 48... Rotating vane 52... Vane 68.72... Driving force transmission mechanism 70... Rotating brush 74 (74")... Hair (A) No. Figure 1

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) In an excavator in which a conveyor for harvesting is formed by installing a conveyor whose rear end is raised higher than the front end and inclined at an angle behind the excavation blade, a plurality of conveyors are installed near the upper part of the conveyor. An excavator characterized by having a rotary blade consisting of a rotary shaft having a protruding wide blade protruding thereon, and a movable support body that supports the rotary blade in a vertically movable manner. (2) In a digging machine in which a conveyor with a tilted conveyor whose rear end is raised higher than the front end is installed behind the digging blade to form a transportation route for the harvest, a large number of hairs are removed behind the conveyor. A mechanism that transmits driving force to each of the rotating shafts by arranging multiple rotating brushes that are densely planted and have rotating shafts with some of the bristles protruding longer than others along the width direction of the conveyor. An excavator characterized by comprising: (3) At the rear of the conveyor, a plurality of rotating brushes are arranged in parallel, each consisting of a rotating shaft in which a large number of bristles are densely planted and some of the bristles protrude longer than other bristles along the width direction of the conveyor; 2. The excavator according to claim 1, further comprising a mechanism for transmitting driving force to each of the rotating shafts.