JPH03210385A - Ground conditioner - Google Patents
Ground conditionerInfo
- Publication number
- JPH03210385A JPH03210385A JP473890A JP473890A JPH03210385A JP H03210385 A JPH03210385 A JP H03210385A JP 473890 A JP473890 A JP 473890A JP 473890 A JP473890 A JP 473890A JP H03210385 A JPH03210385 A JP H03210385A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water glass
- cement
- aqueous solution
- ground
- gel time
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 as shown in Table 1 Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Description
本発明は、土壌を安定して地盤を強化すると共に不透水
層を形成し、湧水、漏水の防止を図る地盤改良剤に関す
るものである。The present invention relates to a ground improvement agent that stabilizes and strengthens the soil, forms an impermeable layer, and prevents water seepage and leakage.
従来の地ｇ１改良工法には、水ガラス水溶液とセメント
懸濁液とを混合しつつ地盤に注入し、地盤中で硬化させ
ることによって地盤の強化及び止水を図っていた。
その水ガラスは、Ｎａ２Ｏ１モルに対して５ｉＯｚを３
．０〜３．３モル含んだ３号水ガラス、或いは特別条件
下で使用するＮａｎ０１モルに対して５ｉ０２を１．８
〜２．５モル含んだ一般に１号及び２号水ガラスと称さ
れる低モル比の水ガラスであった。
一般には、３号水ガラス固形分（Ｎａ２Ｏ＋ ５ｉ０７
）を２２．５重量％含む水ガラス水溶液と、セメント量
が３１．５重量％を含むセメント懸濁液とを使用するが
、両者を混合した時点から流動性が無くなって來結する
までの時間（ゲルタイム）が、温度２０℃で約１分間、
１０℃で約２分間、３℃で約３分間と温度降下につれて
遅くなっている。
また、１号、２号水ガラスを使用するものではさらにゲ
ルタイムが遅くなり、温度２０℃で２〜７分間かかるも
のであった・In the conventional ground g1 improvement method, a water glass aqueous solution and a cement suspension were mixed and injected into the ground, and the mixture was allowed to harden in the ground, thereby strengthening the ground and stopping water. The water glass contains 3 iOz per mole of Na2O.
．． No. 3 water glass containing 0 to 3.3 mol, or 1.8 5i02 per 1 mol of Nan0 used under special conditions.
These were low molar ratio water glasses, commonly referred to as No. 1 and No. 2 water glasses, containing ~2.5 moles. Generally, No. 3 water glass solid content (Na2O+ 5i07
) and a cement suspension containing 31.5% by weight of cement. (gel time) is approximately 1 minute at a temperature of 20°C.
The time becomes slower as the temperature decreases: about 2 minutes at 10°C and about 3 minutes at 3°C. In addition, the gel time was even slower for those using No. 1 and No. 2 water glass, taking 2 to 7 minutes at a temperature of 20°C.
しかしながら、水を多量に含む地盤や間隙の大きい地盤
において地盤改良範囲を最小に限定して行う場合も多く
、この場合はゲルタイムの短い改良剤が必要となる。
従来ではこの場合、セメント懸濁液のセメント量を５０
％以上に増量するか、セメント懸濁液を水ガラス水溶液
より多くして混合比率を変える方杖、或いはセメント懸
濁液中に石膏や消石灰等のカルシウム系硬化剤を混合し
てゲルタイムの短縮を図るものもあった。
しかしながら、セメン１量を増やせば粘性が高くなって
水ガラス水溶液との混合か不充分になると同時に、地盤
への浸透が非常に困難となる問題点があった。
また、水ガラス水溶液とセメント懸濁液との混合比率を
変えることも両者の混合が不充分となると共に、その注
入ポンプの混合調整が正確にできないことからゲルタイ
ムの変動が大きい問題点があった。
そして、カルシウム系硬化剤を使用する場合は、水和反
応が速いため時間経過と共に増粘して地盤へ注入する前
にセメント懸濁液のみで凝結する欠点があった。
そこで本発明者は、ゲルタイムを短縮する上で種々の欠
点を改善するため、水ガラスの種類を種々変えて改良に
努めた結果、高モル比の水ガラス水溶液を使用すること
により、低粘性で地盤の浸透がよく、温度変化によるゲ
ルタイムの変動が非常に小さくなると共に、地下水の希
釈によるゲルタイムの遅延も少なく強度発現に優れた地
盤改良剤を得たのである。However, in the case of soil containing a large amount of water or soil with large gaps, the scope of soil improvement is often limited to the minimum, and in this case, an improving agent with a short gel time is required. Conventionally, in this case, the amount of cement in the cement suspension was set to 50
% or more, or change the mixing ratio by adding more cement suspension than water glass aqueous solution, or shorten the gel time by mixing calcium-based hardeners such as gypsum or slaked lime in the cement suspension. There were also things to aim for. However, if the amount of cement is increased, the viscosity increases, resulting in insufficient mixing with the water glass aqueous solution, and at the same time, there are problems in that it becomes extremely difficult to penetrate into the ground. Additionally, changing the mixing ratio of the water glass aqueous solution and the cement suspension resulted in insufficient mixing of the two, and the inability to accurately adjust the mixing of the injection pump caused the problem of large fluctuations in gel time. . When a calcium-based curing agent is used, the hydration reaction is rapid, so the viscosity increases over time and the cement suspension only solidifies before being poured into the ground. Therefore, in order to shorten the gel time and improve the various drawbacks, the present inventor made efforts to improve the water glass by changing various types of water glass, and as a result, by using a water glass aqueous solution with a high molar ratio, a solution with low viscosity and We have obtained a ground improvement agent that has good penetration into the ground, very little variation in gel time due to temperature changes, less delay in gel time due to dilution of groundwater, and excellent strength development.
【課題を解決するための手段］
このため本発明は、地盤中に混合注入して地盤中で硬化
させるものであって、Ｎａ２０１モルに対して５ｉｎ２
を３．７〜４．５モルの割合で含有する高モル比の水
ガラス水溶液と、セメント懸濁液とから成るものである
。
なお、水ガラス水溶液とセメント懸濁液とをほぼ同量と
し、水ガラス水溶液における固形分濃度（Ｎａ２Ｏ＋Ｓ
ｉＯ２ ）を８〜３０重量％とすると共に、水ガラス固
形分（Ｎａ２Ｏ＋ ５ｉ０２）の１重量部に対してセメ
ントを０．７〜１０重量部を含んだセメント懸濁液と成
してもよい。
（イ）ここでＮａ２Ｏ１モルに対して５ｉ０２ を３．
７〜４．５モルの割合としたのは、５ｉ０２が３．７モ
ル以下ではゲルタイムを短縮する効果が少ないためであ
り、 ＳｉＯ２を４．５モル以上では固形分が低くて長
期安定性に欠ける水ガラスになるからである。
最適な１ｌｉｌ囲は、Ｎａ２Ｏ１モルに対してＳｉＯ２
を３．８〜４．４モルの割合である。
（＋１）またその水ガラス水溶液のａ度（Ｎａ２Ｏ＋Ｓ
ｉＯ２）は８〜３０重量％が妥当であり、最適には１０
〜２５重量％である水ガラス水溶液を同容量の水と混合
した希釈水ガラスの粘性と温度の関係を示すｗ４１図の
ように、低い粘性を保持できて浸透性が良好となるの１
ある。
（ハ）さらにセメント懸濁液におけるセメント量は、水
ガラス水溶液とセメント懸濁液とを同量使用する場合に
おいては、水ガラス固形分（Ｎａ２Ｏ＋５ｉＯ２）の１
重量部に対して０．７〜１０重量部が妥当であり、この
範囲より少ないとゲルタイムが長くなると共に、これ以
上では初期強度が低くなるからである。なお、好ましく
は１〜８重量部がよい。
（＝）なお、セメント懸濁液のセメントは、普通ポルト
ランドセメントの他、早強ポルトランドセメント、コロ
イドセメント、混合セメント等一般にセメント注入工法
に使用されるセメントであればよく、ゲルタイム、強度
、浸透性等の特性に応じ地盤によって使い分ければよい
。
【作 用】
水ガラス水溶液とセメント懸濁液とを別々ポンプで圧送
し、７字管や二重管等を使用して両者を混合しつつ地盤
に注入させるのである。
モル比（５ｉｎ２／ Ｎａ２Ｏ）が高くても水ガラス潤
度が低い水溶液のため粘性が低いことがら地盤への浸透
性が優れるのである。また該モル比が高いためセメント
懸濁液によって速いゲルタイムとなるのである。[Means for Solving the Problems] Therefore, the present invention is to mix and inject into the ground and harden it in the ground, and 5in2 per 1 mol of Na.
It consists of a high molar ratio water glass aqueous solution containing 3.7 to 4.5 moles of water glass and a cement suspension. In addition, the water glass aqueous solution and the cement suspension are used in approximately the same amount, and the solid content concentration (Na2O+S
A cement suspension may be prepared in which 8 to 30% by weight of iO2) and 0.7 to 10 parts by weight of cement are contained per 1 part by weight of water glass solid content (Na2O+ 5i02). (a) Here, add 3.5i02 to 1 mole of Na2O.
The reason for setting the ratio to be 7 to 4.5 moles is because if 5i02 is less than 3.7 moles, there is little effect in shortening the gel time, and if SiO2 is more than 4.5 moles, the solid content is low and long-term stability is lacking. This is because it becomes water glass. The optimal 1 lil range is SiO2 for 1 mol of Na2O.
The ratio is 3.8 to 4.4 moles. (+1) Also, the a degree of the water glass aqueous solution (Na2O+S
iO2) is appropriately 8 to 30% by weight, optimally 10
As shown in Figure W41, which shows the relationship between viscosity and temperature of diluted water glass, which is obtained by mixing ~25% by weight water glass aqueous solution with the same volume of water, low viscosity can be maintained and permeability is good.
be. (c) Furthermore, when using the same amount of water glass aqueous solution and cement suspension, the amount of cement in the cement suspension is 1 of the water glass solid content (Na2O + 5iO2).
A ratio of 0.7 to 10 parts by weight is appropriate; if it is less than this range, the gel time will be long, and if it is more than this, the initial strength will be low. Note that the amount is preferably 1 to 8 parts by weight. (=) In addition to ordinary Portland cement, the cement used in the cement suspension may be any cement that is generally used in cement injection methods, such as ordinary Portland cement, early-strength Portland cement, colloidal cement, or mixed cement. They can be used depending on the ground according to their characteristics. [Operation] The water glass aqueous solution and the cement suspension are pumped separately, and the two are mixed and injected into the ground using a 7-shaped pipe or double pipe. Even if the molar ratio (5in2/Na2O) is high, it is an aqueous solution with low water glass moisture content, so it has low viscosity and excellent permeability into the ground. Also, due to the high molar ratio, the cement suspension provides a fast gel time.
以下、本発明の詳細を実施例で説明する。
水ガラス水溶液とセメント懸濁液とを夫々２゜Ｏｍｌ得
る標準配合の本例では、表１のように、Ｎａ２Ｏ１モル
ニ対してＳｉＯ２ を３．７．３．８．４．０．４．３
．４．５モルの夫々の割合で含有した水ガラス１００ｍ
、Ｑに水１００ｍＭを加えて溶がした水ガラス水溶液と
、普通ポルトランドセメント８０ｇ或いは１２０ｇを水
で溶がして２００ｍＭのセメント懸濁液を得た。
夏−」
そして、夫々固形分濃度１６％の水ガラス水溶液として
使用した場合、３号水ガラスと比較して温度変化による
ゲルタイム測定結果を第２図に示す。
これによると、３号水ガラスに比べて本例の高モル比水
ガラスは約３分の１のゲルタイムであり低温でもゲルタ
イムの遅延は僅がであった。
第３図には普通ポルトランドセメントに変えて早強ポル
トランドセメントを使用した測定結果を示すが、本例の
高モル比水力ラスを使用することで、セメント以外の一
切の添加剤を加えなくても１０秒以下のゲルタイムを得
ることができたゆ特に冬期施工時に効果的に使用できる
ものである。
また、第４図は普通ポルトランドセメントを使用して本
例の高モル比水ガラス、３号水ガラスの水希釈によるゲ
ルタイム比較を示したもので、第５図には早強ポルトラ
ンドセメントを使用した場合の同様実験のゲルタイムを
示している。
なお、希釈量は表１の標準配合で水ガラス水溶液＋セメ
ント懸濁液の１容量部に対する水の容量部である。
これによると、本例の高モル比改良剤は地下水を多量に
含む地盤において使用した場合、地下水によって希釈さ
れるがゲルタイムの遅延は僅かであり、遅延の著しい３
号水ガラスのように地下汚染の原因となることもない。
さらに、本例の高モル比水ガラス水溶液とセメント懸濁
液を２０℃でａＳ配合して硬化させたホモゲル（直径５
０ＩＩ１１、高さ１００＋＋＋ｍ）をビニール袋に密閉
して約２０℃の水溶中で湿式養生し時間経過によりホモ
ゲルの一軸圧縮強度を実験測定した結果を第６図及び第
７図に示す、なお、第６図は普通ポルトランドセメント
を、第７図は早強ポルトランドセメントを使用した場合
である。
第６図及び第７図から、３号水ガラスに比較して本例の
高モル比水ガラスは極めて初期強度の発現性に優れてい
る。なお、地盤改良は、軟弱地盤や破砕帯の補強、湧水
や漏水の防止等の目的で行うが、地盤改良を行った箇所
を再掘削することも多い。このため必要以上の高い強度
では一般的な機械掘削ができなくなることがしばしば生
じる。
この点、本例の高モル比改良剤は、目的の強度に短時間
でに達すると共に、その強度を持続できるものである。
必要な範囲内で高い強度を得るには特殊配合とすればよ
く１本例の高モル比水ガラスを１４０１１文用いると共
に、９１通ポルトランドセメントを１６０ｇ使用した場
合のホモゲルの一軸圧縮強度を第８図に示す、また、こ
の場合の温度変化によるゲルタイムを第９図に示す。
このように高圧の湧水帯や軟弱な断層破砕帯では高モル
比水ガラス及びセメント量を増量することにより調整で
きるのである。The details of the present invention will be explained below with reference to Examples. In this example of the standard formulation to obtain 2°Oml of each of the water glass aqueous solution and the cement suspension, as shown in Table 1, SiO2 is 3.7.3.8.4.0.4.3 for 1 mol of Na2O.
．． 100 m of water glass containing 4.5 mol of each
A water glass aqueous solution prepared by adding and dissolving 100mM of water in Q, and 80g or 120g of ordinary Portland cement were dissolved in water to obtain a 200mM cement suspension. FIG. 2 shows the results of gel time measurements due to temperature changes compared to No. 3 water glass when each sample was used as an aqueous solution of water glass with a solid content concentration of 16%. According to this, compared to No. 3 water glass, the high molar ratio water glass of this example had about one-third the gel time, and the gel time was only slightly delayed even at low temperatures. Figure 3 shows the measurement results using early-strength Portland cement instead of ordinary Portland cement, but by using the high molar ratio hydraulic lath of this example, there is no need to add any additives other than cement. Since it was possible to obtain a gel time of 10 seconds or less, it can be effectively used especially during winter construction. In addition, Figure 4 shows a comparison of gel time by water dilution of the high molar ratio water glass of this example and No. 3 water glass using ordinary Portland cement, and Figure 5 shows the comparison of gel time by water dilution of the high molar ratio water glass of this example and No. 3 water glass using ordinary Portland cement. The gel time for a similar experiment is shown. Note that the dilution amount is the volume part of water per 1 volume part of the water glass aqueous solution + cement suspension in the standard formulation shown in Table 1. According to this, when the high molar ratio improver of this example is used in ground containing a large amount of groundwater, it is diluted by groundwater, but the delay in gel time is slight, and 3.
Unlike Gosui Glass, it does not cause underground contamination. Furthermore, a homogel (diameter 5
0II11, height 100+++ m) sealed in a plastic bag and wet-cured in water solution at about 20°C, and experimentally measured the unconfined compressive strength of the homogel over time. The results are shown in Figures 6 and 7. Figure 6 shows the case where ordinary Portland cement is used, and Figure 7 shows the case where early strength Portland cement is used. From FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, compared to No. 3 water glass, the high molar ratio water glass of this example is extremely excellent in developing initial strength. Ground improvement is performed for the purpose of reinforcing soft ground and fractured zones, and preventing water seepage and leakage, but in many cases the areas where ground improvement has been performed are re-excavated. For this reason, it often happens that general mechanical excavation cannot be performed if the strength is higher than necessary. In this regard, the high molar ratio improver of this example can reach the desired strength in a short time and maintain that strength. In order to obtain high strength within the required range, a special blend can be used.The unconfined compressive strength of the homogel when 14011 grams of the high molar ratio water glass of this example is used and 160 g of 91 Portland cement is used is 8. Furthermore, the gel time due to temperature changes in this case is shown in FIG. In this way, high pressure spring zones and soft fault fracture zones can be adjusted by increasing the amount of high molar ratio water glass and cement.
本発明によると、セメン訃以外に添加剤を一切使用する
ことなくゲルタイムを短縮でき、温度変化によるゲルタ
イムの著しい変動を防止できると共に、地下水によって
希釈されてもゲルタイムの遅延が少なく、またホモゲル
の初期強度の発現性に優れ、掘削するに支障のない強度
を持続でき、さらに粘性が低くてｔ＃盤への浸透性が良
好なことの効果が大きい。
請求項第２項のものでは、その効果が一層優れるのであ
る・According to the present invention, the gel time can be shortened without using any additives other than cement, it is possible to prevent significant fluctuations in the gel time due to temperature changes, there is little delay in the gel time even when diluted with ground water, and the initial stage of homogel It has excellent strength development, maintains strength that does not interfere with excavation, and has low viscosity and good permeability into the T# board, which is a great effect. The effect of claim 2 is even better.
第１図は実施例の粘度と温度の相関図
第２図はその温度とゲルタイムの相関図、第３図は別セ
メント使用における温度とゲルタイムの相関図、
第４図は希釈量とゲルタイムの相関図、第５図は別セメ
ント使用における希釈量とゲルタイムの相関図、
第６図は養生時間と一軸圧縮強度の相関図、第７図は別
セメント使用における養生時間と一軸圧縮強度の相関図
、
第８図は特殊配合における養生時間と一軸圧縮強度の相
関図、
第９図はその特殊配合における液温とゲルタイムの相関
図である。
第４図Figure 1 is a correlation diagram between viscosity and temperature in the example. Figure 2 is a correlation diagram between temperature and gel time. Figure 3 is a correlation diagram between temperature and gel time when using a different cement. Figure 4 is a correlation diagram between dilution amount and gel time. Figure 5 is a correlation diagram between dilution amount and gel time when using a different cement, Figure 6 is a correlation diagram between curing time and unconfined compressive strength, and Figure 7 is a correlation diagram between curing time and unconfined compressive strength when using a different cement. Figure 8 is a correlation diagram between curing time and unconfined compressive strength in a special formulation, and Figure 9 is a correlation diagram between liquid temperature and gel time in that special formulation. Figure 4
Claims (2)
あって、Ｎａ＿２Ｏ１モルに対してＳｉＯ＿２を３．７
〜４．５モルの割合で含有する高モル比の水ガラス水溶
液と、セメント懸濁液とから成る地盤改良剤。(1) It is mixed and injected into the ground and hardened in the ground, with 3.7% of SiO_2 per 1 mole of Na_2O.
A ground improvement agent consisting of a high molar ratio water glass aqueous solution containing ~4.5 moles and a cement suspension.
し、水ガラス水溶液の濃度（Ｎａ＿２Ｏ＋ＳｉＯ＿２）
を８〜３０重量％とすると共に、水ガラス固形分（Ｎａ
＿２Ｏ＋ＳｉＯ＿２）の１重量部に対してセメントを０
．７〜１０重量部を含んだセメント懸濁液と成した請求
項第１項記載の地盤改良剤。(2) The water glass aqueous solution and the cement suspension are made into approximately the same amount, and the concentration of the water glass aqueous solution (Na_2O+SiO_2)
8 to 30% by weight, and water glass solid content (Na
_2O+SiO_2) 0 cement for 1 part by weight
．． The ground improvement agent according to claim 1, which is a cement suspension containing 7 to 10 parts by weight.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP473890A JPH03210385A (en) | 1990-01-13 | 1990-01-13 | Ground conditioner |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP473890A JPH03210385A (en) | 1990-01-13 | 1990-01-13 | Ground conditioner |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH03210385A true JPH03210385A (en) | 1991-09-13 |
Family
ID=11592255
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP473890A Pending JPH03210385A (en) | 1990-01-13 | 1990-01-13 | Ground conditioner |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH03210385A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011208131A (en) * | 2010-03-10 | 2011-10-20 | Fuji Kagaku Kk | Flash setting ground-grouting chemical solution |
-
1990
- 1990-01-13 JP JP473890A patent/JPH03210385A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011208131A (en) * | 2010-03-10 | 2011-10-20 | Fuji Kagaku Kk | Flash setting ground-grouting chemical solution |
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