JPH03196307A - Numerical controller - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To eliminate the need of modification of software by providing a macro-processing means for executing a prescribed numerical control processing in accordance with a macro-instruction read out of a macro-registration memory in accordance with the contents of a read-out system variable. CONSTITUTION:The controller is provided with a macro-processing means 27 for reading out a system variable contained in a macro-instruction from a variable memory 28, and executing a prescribed numerical control in accordance with the macro-instruction read out of a macro-registration memory 24 in accordance with the contents of this system variable. In such a state, a prescribed user macro is called by a user macro call instruction from the macro-registration memory 24, and at the time of executing the macro-processing corresponding to this user macro in the macro-processing means 27, the state quantity of a numerical controller or a machine tool corresponding to the system variable is read, and in accordance with a function instruction prescribed by the system variable, a system state is discriminated, and at that time, a necessary special numerical control processing function is selected and executed. In such a way, modification of software becomes unnecessary.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a numerical control device, and particularly to a device that can perform various special processing desired by a user without modifying the software of the numerical control device.

(Prior Art) A numerical control device executes numerical control processing based on a command program instructed from a paper tape or the like, and drives a machine tool based on the processing result to process a workpiece according to the command.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of such a conventional numerical control device.

A command program read block by block from the tape reader 11 is first input to a control device 12 that includes a processing device, a control program memory, and the like. Next, the control device 12 executes numerical control processing according to the command program and drives the servo motor of the machine tool to move the table or cutter according to the movement command, or the high-power control device 13
Controls such as turning on/off the coolant of the machine tool 14, normal rotation/reverse rotation/stopping of the spindle, etc.

In addition, 15 is an operation panel having switches, buttons, etc. for commanding return to origin, jog, etc., 16 is a manual data input device (hereinafter referred to as MDI) for manually inputting command data of the l block, etc., and 17 is a machine. This is a display unit that displays the current position, etc., and each device 11 to 17 (excluding the machine tool 14) is a computer numerical control device (CN
C) is configured.

By the way, the commands given to conventional numerical control devices include movement commands, speed commands, auxiliary function commands that instruct the machine tool to perform predetermined mechanical operations, spindle function commands that instruct the spindle rotation speed, and tool exchange instructions. There are tool function commands to perform and other preparation function commands, etc., and when they are sequentially read, the control device 12 in this CNC decodes and executes those commands, so the machine tool and processing device (CP
It was not possible to change the order of the command programs in accordance with the internal state of the system, such as U), or a state signal set there by an operator from the outside.

(Problem to be solved by the invention) However, in recent years, CNCs have been required to have improved functionality, and it has become necessary to have the ability to command the processing content from a command program depending on the state of the machine tool or NC. . Additionally, CNC software is generally designed to control standard machine tools, but depending on the machine tool,
Or even for the same type of machine tools, the user may require special machine tool control.

In such cases, conventionally the CNC software has been modified each time to enable control in accordance with the special specifications. In other words, numerical control manufacturers modify software each time a special machine tool control is required, which requires a great deal of effort and time, resulting in increased labor costs and, ultimately, increased costs. was.

Therefore, traditionally, when there is a group of instructions in a part program that have different constants but the same statement, in order to avoid having to program each time, a macro definition is added to that group and a specific symbol is added to it. There was an idea to perform numerical control processing by giving and storing a macro name and calling it from a command program programmed with a macro call command including a macro identification name.

One type of macro definition is a programming method called a custom macro or user macro.

This allows a function consisting of a group of commands created by the user or machine manufacturer to be registered in advance in the NC device, and the macro can be called up at any time using a simple procedure, just as if special software had been installed. This is a function that can be used with

A macro program composed of a certain group of instructions is a type of subprogram in that a special function can be executed by subsequently writing representative instructions in a normal program, but a macro program is a type of subprogram that is composed of only normal instructions. It can be configured using variables, calculation commands, and control commands, and it is also possible to pass arguments (parameters) to and from macro call commands. It is possible to create specifications that match the numerical control system, as well as user-specific fixed cycles and automatic programming.

Here, a group of registered commands is referred to as a user macro body or simply a macro, and a representative command is referred to as a user macro command or a macro call command.

Here, a variable is something that exists in a macro and is used by giving a value to a variable defined when calling and executing a macro, rather than giving a numerical value directly to a certain address. , which gives macros flexibility and versatility.

For example, the variable is # followed by variable number i (1, 2,...
) and can be expressed as #i. i.e. #5, #109, #10
Like 05.

In addition to natural numbers, expressions can also be used as variable numbers; in that case, #[#100], #
[#1001-1], # [#6/2], etc.

You can also replace the number following the address with a variable. That is, programming kuaddress>#i or kuaddress>-#i means that the value of the variable is used as it is, or its complement is used as the command value for that address.

However, the number that can be assigned to a macro variable that can be changed in this way is conventionally limited to a value that is directly specified in a call statement that is a macro call instruction in a command program. Therefore, when directly executing processing functions such as controlling input signals from the machine and sending output signals to the machine side, it is necessary to have variables that correspond to the multiple types of numerical control processing functions that these machine tools have. Therefore, it was insufficient for users to independently expand the various functions of the numerical control device and configure macro instructions.

Therefore, even if special control is required for a machine tool, the present invention can handle the problem without modifying the CNC software by simply programming a macro call command that calls a macro command corresponding to the numerical control function. The purpose is to provide a cost numerical control device.

(Means for Solving the Problem) This purpose is to execute numerical control processing based on a command program in which a user macro calling command including a macro identification name is programmed, and to drive a machine tool based on the processing result. A variable memory stores system variables whose variable values are representative state quantities, and a plurality of function commands that can be identified by the macro identification name and that include one or more system variables are stored in advance as macro commands. A macro registration memory that includes a macro instruction, and when the macro instruction is called from this macro registration memory, a system variable included in the macro instruction is read from the variable memory, and a macro instruction that is read from the macro registration memory according to the contents of this system variable. This is achieved by a numerical control device characterized in that it has a macro processing means for executing predetermined numerical control processing according to the following.

(Operation) According to the present invention, when a predetermined user macro is called from the macro registration memory (24) by a user macro call command and the macro processing means (27) executes macro processing according to the user macro, the system It reads the state quantity of the numerical control device or machine tool corresponding to the variable, determines the system state according to the function command specified by the system variable, and selects the special numerical control processing function required at that time. It can be executed by

(Example) Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a CNC according to the present invention.

In the figure, 21 is a command tape on which a command program is perforated, and 22 is a user macro command tape on which l or a plurality of user macros are perforated.

As shown in FIG. 3, each user macro consists of at least (1) a macro identification name (for example, 09001) and (2) an instruction using a system variable, which will be described later. M99 means the end op block and M99 means the end of the macro) are programmed.

An example of a user macro is shown below. Here #3001
is a system variable.

09001* #3001=O* WHILE [#3001LE#2] DOIEND1
*M99* Variables are classified into local variables, common variables, and system variables according to their variable numbers (3001, 20, etc.).

A local variable is a variable that is used locally within a macro, and the variable numbers 1 to 33 are used.

In other words, local variable #i used in a macro called at one point in time and #i used in a macro called at another point in time (regardless of whether or not i has the same value) are treated as different things. be exposed. Therefore, when macro A calls another macro B, such as in multiple calls, there is no risk that a local variable used in macro A will be accidentally used in macro B and its value will be destroyed. . This local variable is used for receiving and passing arguments.

Variable numbers of common variables are 100-199.500-9
99 is used. While local variables are used locally within a macro, common variables are used in common throughout the main program, subprograms called from it, and each macro. Therefore, #i used in one macro A and #i used in another macro are the same, and the common variable resulting from the operation in one macro can be used in another macro. .

Furthermore, system variables are stored in the system variable memory described later, and unlike local variables and common variables, they are variable numbers (system codes) that correspond to multiple types of numerical control processing functions possessed by the machine tool. is assigned and becomes a variable determined according to the state quantity such as the internal state of the machine tool or NC device.

Furthermore, in addition to normal commands, the command program read from the command tape 21 is programmed with a user macro call command (user macro call) including a macro identification name, and a predetermined user macro is called at an appropriate program step. By calling it, it is possible to execute processing according to the user macro. This user macro call command includes at least G65 (G function command for user macro call),
For example, P4O10 (P is a word address indicating that 9001 is a macro identifier, 9001 is a macro identifier)
It has

Reference numeral 23 denotes a paper tape league, which reads commands punched in the command tapes 21 and 22. 24 is a macro registration memory in which a plurality of user macros read from the user macro instruction tape 22 are stored. 25 is a discrimination circuit, 26 is a normal processing section, and 27 is a user macro processing section. Each of these processing units 26 and 27 includes a calculation unit, a control unit, a memory, and the like. If the information read into the discrimination circuit 25 from the tape reader 23 is the user macro itself (identified by the word address O), it is transferred to the macro registration memory 24 and stored therein, and if it is a normal command, it is sent to the next stage normal processing section. 26, and if it is a user macro calling command, it is sent to the corresponding user macro processing unit 27.

Note that these processing units 26 and 27 may be configured in common.

Further, normal commands and user macro bodies are not mixed on one tape, but are manually input from separate tapes.

Reference numeral 28 denotes a variable memory in which system codes corresponding to each of the plurality of types of numerical control processing functions possessed by the machine tool are assigned, and system variables that define the processing contents to be executed by the function commands assigned to the system codes are stored. , and can be referenced by both the normal processing section 26 and the user macro processing section 27. The use of each system variable #i within the system is fixed according to its variable number i.

That is, in the macro DI area in this variable memory 28,
#1000 to #1035 each store an interface signal consisting of a 16-bit input signal exchanged with the machine tool as its variable value, and in the macro DO area, #1100 to #1135 respectively store the interface signal consisting of a 16-bit input signal exchanged with the machine tool. An interface signal consisting of a 16-bit output signal exchanged between the two is stored as its variable value, and in the tool offset area, #2001 to #2099 each store the offset amount of 99 types of tools as its variable value, In the macro alarm area, a signal that alarms the NG device when #3000 detects an error in the macro is stored as a variable value, and in the clock area, #3001, #30
02 stores a clock signal related to the elapsed time from the reference time as its variable value, and in the automatic operation control area, #3003 stores a signal related to suppression or cancellation of single block stop as its variable value, and position storage. In the area, #3004 stores a signal regarding invalidation or cancellation of feed hold and feed rate override as its variable value, and in the modal information area, #400
0 to #4012 respectively store the current value signal of the modal command as its variable value, and in the machine coordinate area, #500
1 to #5104 store various machine positions as variable values.

Reference numeral 29 denotes an interface circuit that controls input/output interfaces with machine tools, display units, tape punchers, and the like. 30 is a machine tool, 31 is an MDI, 32 is a display unit, and 33 is an operation panel. 34 is an address conversion unit that converts the variable number i into an address of the variable memory 28.

Now, it is assumed that a plurality of user macros from the user macro instruction tape 22 are stored in the user macro registration memory 24 in advance, and in this state, the instruction tape 21 is also loaded with an instruction program. The read command is a normal NC
If it is a command, the NC command is input to the normal processing section 26, and the same NC processing as the conventional one is executed. If the command is a user macro calling command, the discrimination circuit 25 calls the corresponding user macro from the user macro registration memory 24, inputs it to the user macro processing section 27, and performs user macro processing to be described later.

Incidentally, the user macros and command programs from the command tapes 21 and 22 are stored in advance in the macro registration memory 24, and the stored NC commands are sequentially read out and the N.
When using the so-called memory operation method for executing C processing, the mode selection switch on the NC operation panel 33 is set to tape editing mode to read the program, and then the mode selection switch is set to automatic mode for NC processing. do.

Next, the present invention will be explained in detail.

(A) User macro registration interface User macro for reading and sending signals (output signals to the machine side, input signals from the machine side); For example, there are 10 types of dials on the machine side that instruct the amount of tool movement. , it is assumed that a predetermined dial value (3 decimal digits) must be read under certain conditions and tool movement must be controlled based on that value. Now, the third
If it is necessary to read the setting value from the th dial, the following user macro must be created and registered in the user macro registration memory 24.

091001...
■# 1132 = # 1132A N D 4960
R# 1...■G 65 P 9101
T 60* ・・・■#100
=B I N [#1032AND4095]* ・
・・■IF#2012EQOGOT, 091001
...■#100 =-#100
...■N 9100 M 99*
... As mentioned above, user macros are generally different from normal subprograms in that they allow the use of variables, calculation commands, and control commands. , substitution command =, logical product operation command AND, logical sum operation command OR, and conversion command BIN from BCD are used, and by these, various operations between variables can be programmed in the same way as general arithmetic expressions. can. In addition, IF <conditional expression>GOTOn, which is one of the control commands that controls the flow of the program, executes the next block in the same program starting from the block with the sequence number n when the <conditional expression> is satisfied. It instructs them to do so. Here, the conditional expression EQ means =, and in addition, NE, GT, LT, GE, and LE are each ≠,
Can be used as symbols to mean >, <, ≧, ≦.

Among the above user macros, ■ is a block that indicates a macro identification name, and 09100 is a user macro identification name that reads 5 digits of BOD. 3 is a block for sending address data. Now, in the present invention, the data to be output to the machine side is composed of 16 bits as shown in FIG. 4(b), and the address data to be output to the machine is written in the first to fourth bits. However, the 5th to 9th bits are used for other purposes, and the 10th to 16th bits are not used. Note that address data instructing the third dial is written as the variable value in the variable register (this constitutes a part of the variable memory 28) corresponding to the local variable #l. and in the variable register corresponding to system variable #1132,
16 shown in FIG. 4(b) output in the previous process
Assume that bit data is stored as the variable value.

Therefore, the decimal number 496 is expressed as a binary number in which the 5th to 9th bits are 1 and the other bits are 0, so by AND (logical product) of ■, the 5th to 9th bits of #1132 are The contents of the bits are saved, and the address data of the third dial to be read this time is written into the first to fourth bits of #1132 by OR (logical sum).

■After sending the address data of ■ above to the machine side,
This is a user macro command that waits for the time (60 m5ec) until the machine side can output the value set on the dial (this command will be described later).

■ is a command to read the 5-digit BOD value set on the dial and convert it into a binary number. Now, 16-bit data as shown in FIG. 4(a) is output from the machine and written into the variable register of system variable #1032 after 60 m5ec has elapsed. In FIG. 4(a), the 5-digit BOD (dial value) is written in the 1st to 12th bits, the code is written in the 13th bit, and the 1st
Bits 4 through 16 are used for other purposes. Therefore, the contents of the variable register corresponding to #1032 and 4
095 (all "1"), the 5 BOD digits written in the 1st to 12th bits of this variable register are extracted and binarized, and the common variable #10 is obtained.
0 variable register (which also forms part of the variable memory 28). Then, the sign is determined to be positive or negative in step 2, and if it is negative, the sign is inverted in step 2, and the user macro ends in M99 in step 2.

FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram illustrating readout control of the 5-digit BOD set on the third dial.

In the figure, #1032R and #1132R are system variables #1032. This is a variable register corresponding to #1132, and stores 16-bit manual data and output data as variable values. RII~R116 is the relay for human data data ril-ri16 is its contact point, ROI~R
016 is a relay for output data, ro1 to ro16 are its contacts, Trl to Tr16 are transistors, DL1 to D
LIO is a signed BCD 3-digit setting dial, SWC
is a selection circuit. Note that since it is a BCD, four lines from each digit are input to the selection circuit SWC.

Now, when the operation of the second block (2) of the user macro is executed, the first to fourth bits (24 to 23) of the variable register #1132R are set to the third dial DL3.
address is set. Now the third dial D
If the address of L3 is 0011, the transistor Tr
1 and Tr2 conduct, and relays ROI and RO2 are turned on.

Note that relays RO3 and RO4 are off. As a result, the selection circuit SWC selects the signed BC set on the dial DL3.
D3 digit to line ff1l ~I238. Output to j2s.

Also, line! 2.11 to β18 according to the first digit BCD value, f221 to f228 according to the second digit BCD value, and I231 to 9.38 according to the third digit BCD value. Level, low level signals are reflected. Therefore, the input data relays RII to R113 are turned on/off according to the numerical value set on the dial DL3, and are stored in the variable register #1032R. Thereafter, the numerical value read into the variable register #1032H is taken into the processing section via the data bus DBUS, and the calculations from (2) onwards are performed.

(B) User Macro Calling Instruction The user macro calling instruction is a command that is programmed in the command table 21 to call a predetermined user macro from the macro registration memory 24 and cause the user macro processing section 27 to execute numerical control processing. At least G65P (macro identification name) is commanded.

Now, when a command is read from the command tape 21 by the tape league 23, the discrimination circuit 25 determines whether it is a user macro call command or not, and if it is not a user macro call command, the normal processing unit 26 If the command is a user macro call command, the macro register memory 24 executes processing to control the machine tool, and in the case of a user macro call command, the macro command is stored in the macro registration memory 24 according to the macro command included in the user macro having the macro identification name specified after the word address P of the call command. The contents of the variable register corresponding to a predetermined system code are called from the system code and delivered to the user macro processing section 27, which executes macro processing and controls the machine tool according to the user macro.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, in the present invention, a predetermined user macro is called from a macro registration memory in which a plurality of user macros are registered in advance by a user macro call command, and the macro processing unit performs macro processing according to the user macro. When executing
Rather than improving CNC software each time,
System 3 The processing content to be executed by the function command assigned to the code can be changed to the required one by simply changing the system variables arbitrarily and specifying the system code corresponding to the multiple types of numerical control processing functions possessed by the machine tool. You can select and execute special numerical control processing functions. Therefore, what does the user do with the CNC?
Simply create a user macro for the special control and store it in the macro registration memory without modifying the software.
It is sufficient to simply program the user macro call command in a suitable location such as on a command tape.

As a result, the labor and time required for modifying the software can be saved, and a CNC that meets the user's needs can be provided at low cost. In addition, by using user macros, you can create special specifications that match the machine or system.
User-specific canned cycles and automatic programming are now possible.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a conventional numerical control device, Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a CNC according to the present invention, Fig. 34 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a command program, and Fig. 4 is an explanatory diagram of user macro registration. , same figure (a). (b) is an explanatory diagram explaining interface signal reading and sending, and Figure 5 shows the BC set on the third dial.
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram illustrating readout control for D3 digits. 21... Command tape, 22... User macro command tape, 23... Tape league, 24... Macro registration memory, 25... Discrimination circuit, 26... Normal processing section,
27... User macro processing unit, 28... Variable memory, 29... Interface circuit.

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) In a numerical control device that executes numerical control processing based on a command program in which a user macro call command including a macro identification name is programmed, and drives a machine tool based on the processing result to perform machining on a workpiece according to the command. , a variable memory storing system variables whose variable values are state quantities representative of interface signal states between the machine tool and the numerical control device, and one or more system variables, which can be identified by the macro identifier. A macro registration memory pre-stores a plurality of function instructions as macro instructions, and when the macro instruction is called from this macro registration memory, a system variable included in the macro instruction is read from the variable memory and the contents of this system variable are and macro processing means for executing predetermined numerical control processing in accordance with macro instructions read from the macro registration memory. (2) A patent characterized in that the state quantity representing the interface signal state between the machine tool and the numerical control device is a state quantity representing the signal state transmitted from the machine tool to the numerical control device. A numerical control device according to claim 1. (3) The state quantity representing the interface signal state between the machine tool and the numerical control device is a state quantity representing the signal state output from the numerical control device to the machine tool. A numerical control device according to claim 1.