JPH0318858A - Electrophotographic sensitive body - Google Patents
Electrophotographic sensitive bodyInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0318858A JPH0318858A JP15417489A JP15417489A JPH0318858A JP H0318858 A JPH0318858 A JP H0318858A JP 15417489 A JP15417489 A JP 15417489A JP 15417489 A JP15417489 A JP 15417489A JP H0318858 A JPH0318858 A JP H0318858A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- group
- resin
- binder
- carrier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 100
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 241000519995 Stachys sylvatica Species 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- -1 ethylene hydrocarbon Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 11
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000664 diazo group Chemical group [N-]=[N+]=[*] 0.000 description 4
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 3
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920005668 polycarbonate resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004431 polycarbonate resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M thionine Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N)=CC=C3N=C21 ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000577 Nylon 6/66 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- TZYHIGCKINZLPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N azepan-2-one;hexane-1,6-diamine;hexanedioic acid Chemical compound NCCCCCCN.O=C1CCCCCN1.OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O TZYHIGCKINZLPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007611 bar coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006026 co-polymeric resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007766 curtain coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004663 dialkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C=C FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WOXXJEVNDJOOLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl-tris(2-methoxyethoxy)silane Chemical compound COCCO[Si](OCCOC)(OCCOC)C=C WOXXJEVNDJOOLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- BSIHWSXXPBAGTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoviolanthrone Chemical class C12=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=CC=C3C(C4=C56)=CC=C5C5=CC=CC=C5C(=O)C6=CC=C4C4=C3C2=C1C=C4 BSIHWSXXPBAGTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003145 methacrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940117841 methacrylic acid copolymer Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000113 methacrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- JOUDBUYBGJYFFP-FOCLMDBBSA-N thioindigo Chemical class S\1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C/1=C1/C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2S1 JOUDBUYBGJYFFP-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- JHPBZFOKBAGZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylpentyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)C(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C JHPBZFOKBAGZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M .beta-Phenylacrylic acid Natural products [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIDRAVVQGKNYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrotriazine Chemical compound C1NNNC=C1 FIDRAVVQGKNYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZXTWGWHSMCWGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC(N)=N1 VZXTWGWHSMCWGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXKKHQJGJAFBHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-aminopropan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(O)CN HXKKHQJGJAFBHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEPOHXYIFQMVHW-XOZOLZJESA-N 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid (2S,3S)-3,4-dimethyl-2-phenylmorpholine Chemical class OC(C(O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O.C[C@H]1[C@@H](OCCN1C)c1ccccc1 VEPOHXYIFQMVHW-XOZOLZJESA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIEFDNUEROKZRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylethenyl)aniline Chemical class NC1=CC=CC=C1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 BIEFDNUEROKZRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYAYDWLKTPIEDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-hydroxyethyl(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)amino]ethanol Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN(CCO)CCO IYAYDWLKTPIEDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNSZMTPWTGGLAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-n-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 PNSZMTPWTGGLAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYCWTPHGKBURHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-n-tert-butyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 KYCWTPHGKBURHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCO1 WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZYAASQNKCWTPKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[dimethoxy(methyl)silyl]propan-1-amine Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)CCCN ZYAASQNKCWTPKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMZPTAFGSRVFIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[tris(2-methoxyethoxy)silyl]propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound COCCO[Si](OCCOC)(OCCOC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C DMZPTAFGSRVFIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXYZDRAJMHGSMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloropropyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCCl OXYZDRAJMHGSMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUEWCQRISZBELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropane-1-thiol Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCS UUEWCQRISZBELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZVHEAJQGPRDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 GZVHEAJQGPRDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGOYZCQQQFAGRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-ethenylanthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C=C)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=CC2=C1 OGOYZCQQQFAGRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000298 Cellophane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N Cinnamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000000177 Indigofera tinctoria Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100101585 Mus musculus Ubqln4 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010034972 Photosensitivity reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006097 Ultramide® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZTWQZJLUUZHJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vat Yellow 4 Chemical class C12=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=CC=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=O)C4=C3C2=C1C=C4 ZTWQZJLUUZHJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002433 Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000000260 Warts Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GLLRIXZGBQOFLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xanthorin Natural products C1=C(C)C=C2C(=O)C3=C(O)C(OC)=CC(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1O GLLRIXZGBQOFLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJSBGAIKEORPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [[6-amino-1,2,3,4-tetramethoxy-4-(methoxyamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-methoxyamino]methanol Chemical compound CONC1(N(C(N(C(=N1)N)OC)(N(CO)OC)OC)OC)OC BJSBGAIKEORPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- NJYZCEFQAIUHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetoguanamine Chemical compound CC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 NJYZCEFQAIUHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- BTHCBXJLLCHNMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyloxysilicon Chemical compound CC(=O)O[Si] BTHCBXJLLCHNMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000641 acridinyl group Chemical class C1(=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012644 addition polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- KCNKJCHARANTIP-SNAWJCMRSA-N allyl-{4-[3-(4-bromo-phenyl)-benzofuran-6-yloxy]-but-2-enyl}-methyl-amine Chemical class C=1OC2=CC(OC/C=C/CN(CC=C)C)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 KCNKJCHARANTIP-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940058303 antinematodal benzimidazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940027998 antiseptic and disinfectant acridine derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LNENVNGQOUBOIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N azidosilane Chemical compound [SiH3]N=[N+]=[N-] LNENVNGQOUBOIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical class N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004106 butoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001716 carbazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- DMZWVCJEOLBQCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(ethenyl)silane Chemical compound Cl[SiH2]C=C DMZWVCJEOLBQCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930016911 cinnamic acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013985 cinnamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000805 composite resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001907 coumarones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002026 crystalline silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001493 electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229920006244 ethylene-ethyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002461 imidazolidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940097275 indigo Drugs 0.000 description 1
- COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N indigo powder Natural products N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C1=C1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N1 COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079865 intestinal antiinfectives imidazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940102253 isopropanolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002668 lysine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine powder Natural products NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007974 melamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NYGZLYXAPMMJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M metanil yellow Chemical group [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC(N=NC=2C=CC(NC=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)=C1 NYGZLYXAPMMJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001434 methanylylidene group Chemical group [H]C#[*] 0.000 description 1
- ARYZCSRUUPFYMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH3] ARYZCSRUUPFYMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004866 oxadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007978 oxazole derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 101150032584 oxy-4 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000004986 phenylenediamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036211 photosensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004193 piperazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003219 pyrazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical class N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007761 roller coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005265 selenium sulfide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical compound [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000010153 skin papilloma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- PWEBUXCTKOWPCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N squaric acid Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(=O)C1=O PWEBUXCTKOWPCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940042055 systemic antimycotics triazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007979 thiazole derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHYUCVWDMABHHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene;1,2-xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1C FHYUCVWDMABHHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCOCC1CO1 JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-yl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound C1C(CC[Si](OC)(OC)OC)CCC2OC21 DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YKSGNOMLAIJTLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N violanthrone Chemical class C12=C3C4=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C1=CC=C3C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=C4C1=C32 YKSGNOMLAIJTLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
[産業上の利用分野]
本発明は電子写真感光体に関し、詳しくは、層間接着性
に優れ、カブリまたは黒斑点・白斑点等の発生のない画
質の改良された電子写真感光体に関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor, and more particularly, it relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor that has excellent interlayer adhesion and has improved image quality without fogging, black spots, white spots, etc. Regarding photographic photoreceptors.
[従来の技術]
有機光導電性材料を用いた感光体は、セレン、硫化カド
ミウム等の無機光導電性材料を用いた感光体に比べて無
公害性、高生産性等の初点があるが、感度が低いため実
用化はむずかしかった。そのため、いくつかの増感方法
が提案されているが、効果的な方法としては感光層をキ
ャリア発生層とキャリア輸送層の2層に分けて8%層し
た機能分離型の感光体を用いることが知られている。[Prior Art] Photoreceptors using organic photoconductive materials have advantages such as being less polluting and more productive than photoconductors using inorganic photoconductive materials such as selenium and cadmium sulfide. However, its low sensitivity made it difficult to put it into practical use. For this reason, several sensitization methods have been proposed, but an effective method is to use a functionally separated photoreceptor in which the photosensitive layer is divided into two layers, a carrier generation layer and a carrier transport layer, and the layer is 8% layered. It has been known.
これはキャリア発生機能とキャリア輸送機能を責なる物
質に個別に分担させることができるため、感度や帯電性
等電子写真特性間の特性のコントロールが容易であり、
感度が高く耐久性の大きい感光体が傳られることが期待
される。しかし、静電特性、画像特性を、向上させるた
めに、キャリア発生層は一般に均一でしかも極めて薄く
、平滑に形成されている必要がある。一般にキャリア発
生層は0.5μm程度の極めて薄い層であるので、基板
表面のごくわずかな欠陥、汚れ、付着物または傷などが
キャリア発生層の股厚均−性に影響を及ぼすことになり
、キャリア発生層の膜厚が不均一であると、感光体に感
度ムラを生ずる。そこでキャリア発生層の膜厚を出来る
だけ均一なものにすることが要求されている。この様な
ことから、キャリア発生層と導電層との間にバリヤー層
としての機能を有する中間層を設けることが提案されて
いる。この中間層は同時に接着層としての礪能も有して
いなければならない。すなわち接着不良は、感光層の剥
離を生じさせ、効果的な電荷注入を因数にし、感度を低
下させる原因になるからである。This allows the carrier generation function and the carrier transport function to be assigned to the responsible substances, making it easy to control electrophotographic properties such as sensitivity and chargeability.
It is expected that photoreceptors with high sensitivity and durability will be developed. However, in order to improve electrostatic properties and image properties, the carrier generation layer generally needs to be uniform, extremely thin, and smooth. Generally, the carrier generation layer is an extremely thin layer of about 0.5 μm, so the slightest defects, dirt, deposits, or scratches on the substrate surface will affect the uniformity of the carrier generation layer's thickness. If the thickness of the carrier generation layer is non-uniform, uneven sensitivity will occur on the photoreceptor. Therefore, it is required to make the thickness of the carrier generation layer as uniform as possible. For this reason, it has been proposed to provide an intermediate layer having a function as a barrier layer between the carrier generation layer and the conductive layer. This intermediate layer must also have the ability to act as an adhesive layer. That is, poor adhesion causes peeling of the photosensitive layer, which makes effective charge injection a factor and causes a decrease in sensitivity.
接着性を向上させるために、例えば特開昭51−361
38号では、中間層にシランカップリング剤を含有させ
たが、感光層が単層構成のため得られた感度が不十分で
あった。また、特開昭62−280855号、同62−
280857号、同62−280859号では感度を良
くするため感光層をキャリア発生層とキャリア輸送層の
2層構成とし、中間層のバインダーとしてポリビニルピ
ロリドン、酢酸セルロース又はニトロセルロースを用い
、接着性向上剤として中間層にシランカップリング剤を
含有させた感光体について記載されている。これらは接
着性は向上したが、残雪が生じ、耐久性に欠け、中間層
がキャリア発生層塗布液の溶剤に溶けるためピンホール
発生又は画像の鮮明さに欠tプる等画質の点で満足でき
るものではなかった。In order to improve adhesiveness, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 51-361
In No. 38, a silane coupling agent was contained in the intermediate layer, but the sensitivity obtained was insufficient because the photosensitive layer had a single layer structure. Also, JP-A-62-280855, JP-A No. 62-280855,
No. 280857 and No. 62-280859, in order to improve sensitivity, the photosensitive layer has a two-layer structure of a carrier generation layer and a carrier transport layer, and polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose acetate, or nitrocellulose is used as a binder in the intermediate layer, and an adhesion improver is used. describes a photoreceptor in which an intermediate layer contains a silane coupling agent. These have improved adhesion, but remain unsatisfactory in terms of image quality, such as residual snow, lack of durability, and pinholes or lack of image clarity because the intermediate layer dissolves in the solvent of the carrier generation layer coating solution. It wasn't possible.
[発明が解決しようとする課題] 本発明は上記従来の課題を解決するものである。[Problem to be solved by the invention] The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems.
待に接着性向上剤として中間層にシランカップリング剤
を含有させた場合、中間層がキャリア発生層塗布液の溶
剤に溶けないことが重要な課題である。そのためには中
間層のバインダーとキャリア発生層の塗布液溶剤の組み
合せが重大であるが、接着性、感度等の点も考慮した上
での適当なバインダーと溶剤の組み合せはまだみつかっ
ていないのが現状である。When a silane coupling agent is contained in the intermediate layer as an adhesion improver, an important issue is that the intermediate layer does not dissolve in the solvent of the carrier generation layer coating solution. For this purpose, the combination of the binder in the intermediate layer and the coating solution solvent in the carrier generation layer is important, but an appropriate combination of binder and solvent that takes into consideration adhesiveness, sensitivity, etc. has not yet been found. This is the current situation.
本発明の目的は、層間接着性に優れ、カブリ又は黒斑点
・白斑点等の発生のない画質の改良された電子写真感光
体を提供することにある。An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor with excellent interlayer adhesion and improved image quality without fogging, black spots, white spots, etc.
[!!題を解決するための手段]
本発明の上記目的は、II電性支持体上に少なくとも中
間層及び感光層を積層してなる電子写真感光体において
、前記中間層が前記感光層の塗布液溶剤に不溶であり、
かつシランカップリング剤を含有することを特徴とする
電子写真感光体によって達成される。[! ! [Means for Solving the Problems] The above object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising at least an intermediate layer and a photosensitive layer laminated on a II electrostatic support, wherein the intermediate layer is a coating solution solvent for the photosensitive layer. is insoluble in
This is achieved by an electrophotographic photoreceptor characterized by containing a silane coupling agent.
本発明の電子写真感光体を構成する中間層は接着性向上
剤としてシランカップリング剤を含有する。上記シラン
カップリング剤としては、例えばビニルクロルシラン、
ビニルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリエトキシシラン
、ごニル−トリス(β−メトキシエトキシ)シラン、γ
−メタクリルオキシメトキシシラン、γ−メタクリルオ
キシプロピルートリス(β−メトキシエトキシ)シラン
、β−(3,4−エポキシシクロヘキシル)エチルトリ
メトキシシラン、γ−グリシドキシプロビルトリメトキ
シシラン、ごニルトリアセトキシシラン、γ−メルカプ
トプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ−アミノブロピルト
リエ1−キシシラン、N−β−(アミノエチル)−γ−
アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N−β−(アミノ
エチル)−γ−アミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン
、N、N−ビス(β−ヒドロキシエチル)−γ−アミノ
プロピルトリエトキシシラン、γ−クロルプロピルトリ
メトキシシランなどである。The intermediate layer constituting the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention contains a silane coupling agent as an adhesion improver. Examples of the silane coupling agent include vinylchlorosilane,
Vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyl-tris(β-methoxyethoxy)silane, γ
-methacryloxymethoxysilane, γ-methacryloxypropyltris(β-methoxyethoxy)silane, β-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, Acetoxysilane, γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-aminopropyltrie-1-oxysilane, N-β-(aminoethyl)-γ-
Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-β-(aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, N,N-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, γ-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane etc.
これらの中でも特に好ましく用いられるシランこれらの
ものは市販品として容易に入手できる。Among these, these silanes are particularly preferably used, and these silanes are easily available as commercial products.
これらのシランカップリング剤はいずれも分子中に反応
性の異なった2種以上の反応基が導入されており、その
一つは無機質と反応して強力な化学結合を行なう反応基
(メトキシ基、シラノール基等)であり、他方は有機質
と化学結合する反応基(ビニル基、エポキシ基、メタク
リル基、アミノ基等)であるが、これらの反応基のため
、シランカップリング剤は無機質材料又は有機質材料と
の単独反応は勿論、両材料の仲介役としての機能を果た
すものであるが、本発明においてはシランカップリング
剤が光導電体本来の感度を殆んど低下させることなく、
支持体と光導N層間の接着にきわめて有効に作用するこ
とが認められた。All of these silane coupling agents have two or more reactive groups with different reactivity introduced into their molecules, one of which is a reactive group (methoxy group, The other is a reactive group (vinyl group, epoxy group, methacrylic group, amino group, etc.) that chemically bonds with an organic material. Because of these reactive groups, a silane coupling agent can be used to bond with inorganic materials or organic materials. Of course, the silane coupling agent acts as an intermediary between the two materials as well as reacting alone with the material, but in the present invention, the silane coupling agent hardly reduces the inherent sensitivity of the photoconductor.
It has been found that this has a very effective effect on the adhesion between the support and the light guide N layer.
なおシランカップリング剤の母は中間層のバインダーに
対し0.01〜10重回%程度が適当で、好ましくは0
.1〜5重酒%である。10重母%を越えると電位特性
、画質の低下の恐れがあり、0.0111%より少ない
と充分な反応が行なわれず結着性に劣る。The mother silane coupling agent is suitably used in an amount of about 0.01 to 10%, preferably 0.01 to 10%, based on the binder of the intermediate layer.
.. It is 1-5% heavy sake. If it exceeds 10%, there is a risk of deterioration in potential characteristics and image quality, and if it is less than 0.0111%, sufficient reaction will not take place, resulting in poor binding properties.
前記中間層のバインダーとしてはエチレン系共重合体、
変性ポリアミド又は共重合ポリアミド等が好ましく用い
られる。変性ポリアミド及び共重合ポリアミドは両者を
併用してもよい。As the binder for the intermediate layer, an ethylene copolymer,
Modified polyamides or copolyamides are preferably used. Both modified polyamide and copolyamide may be used in combination.
エチレン系共重合体中、エチレン系炭化水素と共重合さ
せる共重合成分(単母体)としては、酢酸ビニル、アク
リル酸、メタクリル酸、アクリル酸エステル、メタクリ
ル酸エステル、ビニルアルコール、塩化ビニル、フッ化
ビニル、マレイン酸、無水マレイン酸のうちの1種、又
は2種以上が用いられる。好ましく用いられる変性ポリ
アミドとしては例えばピペラジン環含有ナイロン6、メ
トキシメチル化ナイロン6等が挙げられ、好ましく用い
られる共重合ポリアミドとしてはナイロン6/66/6
−10/12共重合体、ナイロン6/66/6−10共
重合体等が挙げられる。In the ethylene copolymer, the copolymer components (monobase) to be copolymerized with the ethylene hydrocarbon include vinyl acetate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylic ester, methacrylic ester, vinyl alcohol, vinyl chloride, and fluoride. One or more of vinyl, maleic acid, and maleic anhydride may be used. Preferred modified polyamides include piperazine ring-containing nylon 6, methoxymethylated nylon 6, etc., and preferred copolyamides include nylon 6/66/6.
-10/12 copolymer, nylon 6/66/6-10 copolymer, and the like.
これらは従来公知の方法により合成されるが、市販品と
して簡単に入手することもできる。市販品としては例え
ば、エチレン系共重合体としては、エチレン酢酸ビニル
メタクリル酸共重合体rELAX4260J (三井
デュポンケミカル社製)、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合
体スミテートrKA−20」 (住友化学社製)、エチ
レン−アクリル酸エチル共重合体エバフレックスrA−
7034(三井・デュポンケミカル社製)、エヂレンー
メタクリル酸共重合体アクリフトrWK−402J
(住友化学社製)等、変性ポリアミド系としては、[ラ
ッカマイト5003J (大日本インキ化学社製)、
rA−70J (東し社製)、r X −1874M
J (ダイセルヒュルス社製)、共重合ポリアミド系と
しては、r CM −8000J (東し社製)、「エ
ルパマイド8061J (デュポン社製)、「ウルト
ラミツドICJ (BASFジャパン社製)等が挙げ
られる。These are synthesized by conventionally known methods, but can also be easily obtained as commercial products. Examples of commercially available ethylene copolymers include ethylene-vinyl acetate methacrylic acid copolymer rELAX4260J (manufactured by DuPont Mitsui Chemicals), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer Sumitate rKA-20 (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical), Ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer Evaflex rA-
7034 (manufactured by DuPont Mitsui Chemical Co.), Edylene-methacrylic acid copolymer Acrift rWK-402J
(manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.), modified polyamides such as Laccamite 5003J (manufactured by Dainippon Ink Chemical Co., Ltd.),
rA-70J (manufactured by Toshisha), rX-1874M
J (manufactured by Daicel Huels), copolymerized polyamides include r CM-8000J (manufactured by Toshisha), Elpamide 8061J (manufactured by DuPont), and Ultramid ICJ (manufactured by BASF Japan).
エチレン系共重合体に好ましく用いられるシランカップ
リング剤としてはビニルトリエトキシシラン、ビニルト
リス(2−メトキシエトキシ)シラン、不飽和結合を有
するアミノシラン、カルボン酸官能性シラン、カチオン
性シラン、アジドシラン等が挙げられる。Examples of silane coupling agents preferably used for ethylene-based copolymers include vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltris(2-methoxyethoxy)silane, aminosilane having an unsaturated bond, carboxylic acid functional silane, cationic silane, and azidosilane. It will be done.
変性ポリアミド及び共重合ポリアミドに好ましく用いら
れるシランカップリング剤としては3−7ミノプロビル
トリエトキシシラン、N−2−くアミノエチル)3−ア
ミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、3−グリシドキ
シプロビルトリメトキシシラン等が挙げられる。Silane coupling agents preferably used for modified polyamides and copolymerized polyamides include 3-7minopropyltriethoxysilane, N-2-aminoethyl)3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, and 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane. Examples include methoxysilane.
前記中間層には以上の成分の他にシランカップリング剤
の効果を更に高めるために砕砂グラスファイバー、無定
形又は結晶性シリカ、石英、アルミナ等の金属酸化物等
の無機充填剤や、パラトルエンスルホン酸、1−ナフタ
レンスルホン酸、過硫酸カリ、過硫酸アンモン、過酸化
水素(好ましくはパラトルエンスルホン酸等の硬化触媒
や、ブチル化メラミン、ヘキサメトキシメチロールメラ
ミン、アセトグアナミン、ベンゾグアナミン、ホルモグ
アナミン、N−(t−ブチル)メラミン、N−(t−オ
クチル)メラミン、2−フェニル−p−ヒトOキシー4
.6−ジアミツー1.3.5−トリアジン、N、N−ジ
アルキルメラミン等の架橋剤を添加することができる。In addition to the above-mentioned components, the intermediate layer contains crushed sand glass fiber, amorphous or crystalline silica, quartz, inorganic fillers such as metal oxides such as alumina, and paratoluene to further enhance the effect of the silane coupling agent. Sulfonic acid, 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide (preferably a curing catalyst such as para-toluenesulfonic acid, butylated melamine, hexamethoxymethylolmelamine, acetoguanamine, benzoguanamine, formoguanamine, N-(t-butyl)melamine, N-(t-octyl)melamine, 2-phenyl-p-human Oxy4
.. Crosslinking agents such as 6-diami2-1,3.5-triazine, N,N-dialkylmelamine, etc. can be added.
前記中間層は、前記バインダー及び添加剤をメタノール
、エタノール、ブタノール等に溶かしたアルコール溶液
又はトルエン等の溶剤に溶かした溶液を浸漬コーティン
グ法、ロールコーティング法、スプレーコーティング法
、ワイヤーバーコーティング法、ビードコーティング法
又はカーテンコーティング法等のコーティング法を用い
て基体上に塗工することによって得られる。ただし、前
記バインダーにはキャリア発生層に用いられるバインダ
ーと同じものが併用されていてもよい。贅の膜厚は0.
1〜5μ■が一般的で、好ましくは0.5〜3μmであ
る。使用されるバインダー量は溶剤に対して1〜5重缶
%であることが好ましい。The intermediate layer may be formed by applying a dip coating method, a roll coating method, a spray coating method, a wire bar coating method, or a bead coating method using an alcohol solution in which the binder and additives are dissolved in methanol, ethanol, butanol, etc. or a solution in a solvent such as toluene. It can be obtained by coating on a substrate using a coating method such as a coating method or a curtain coating method. However, the binder may be the same as the binder used in the carrier generation layer. The thickness of the wart is 0.
The thickness is generally 1 to 5 μm, preferably 0.5 to 3 μm. The amount of binder used is preferably 1-5% based on the solvent.
本発明の感光体は例えば第1図に示す構成からなってい
る。The photoreceptor of the present invention has the structure shown in FIG. 1, for example.
この感光体においては、導電性支持体く基体)1上に、
上記した中間層7を介してキレリア発生層6が設けられ
、このキャリア発生層6上にキャリア輸送層4が設けら
れている。8は感光層を示す。従って、キャリア発生層
6と支持体1との間に中間層7が設けられているので、
第4図に示す支持体側からの不均一なホールの注入を効
果的に阻止する一方、光照射時には支持体側へ光キャリ
アである電子を効率よく輸送することができる。In this photoreceptor, on the conductive support (substrate) 1,
A chyrelia generation layer 6 is provided via the above-mentioned intermediate layer 7, and a carrier transport layer 4 is provided on this carrier generation layer 6. 8 indicates a photosensitive layer. Therefore, since the intermediate layer 7 is provided between the carrier generation layer 6 and the support 1,
While non-uniform injection of holes from the support side shown in FIG. 4 can be effectively prevented, electrons, which are photocarriers, can be efficiently transported to the support side during light irradiation.
尚、本発明の感光体は、上記した構成から(即ち、キャ
リア発生層上にキャリア輸送層を積層)以外にも第2図
のように、キャリア発生物質とキャリア輸送物質を混合
した単一層の感光層8からなっていてもよい。又、第3
図のように、キャリア発生層6とキャリア輸送層4とを
上下逆にした層構成(正帯電用)としてもよい。In addition to the above-described structure (that is, a carrier transport layer is laminated on a carrier-generating layer), the photoreceptor of the present invention also has a single-layer structure in which a carrier-generating substance and a carrier-transporting substance are mixed, as shown in FIG. It may also consist of a photosensitive layer 8. Also, the third
As shown in the figure, the layer structure may be such that the carrier generation layer 6 and the carrier transport layer 4 are turned upside down (for positive charging).
又、本発明の感光体において、耐刷性向上等のため感光
体表面に保護層(保護膜)を形成してもよく、例えば合
成樹脂被膜をコーティングしてもよい。Further, in the photoreceptor of the present invention, a protective layer (protective film) may be formed on the surface of the photoreceptor in order to improve printing durability, for example, a synthetic resin film may be coated.
本発明の感光体においては、キャリア発生物質として次
の代表例で示される様な有様顔料が用いられる。In the photoreceptor of the present invention, pigments such as those shown in the following representative examples are used as carrier generating substances.
(1)モノアゾ顔料、ビスアゾ顔料、トリアゾ顔料、金
i錯塩アゾ顔料等のアゾ系顔料
(2)ペリレン酸無水物、ペリレン酸イミド等のペリレ
ン系顔料
(3)アントラキノン誘導体、アントアントロン誘導体
、ジベンズピレンキノン誘導体、ピラントロン誘導体、
ビオラントロン誘導体及びイソビオラントロン誘導体等
多環キノン系顔料
(4)インジゴ誘導体及びチオインジゴ誘導体等のイン
ジゴイド系顔料
(5)金属フタロシアニン及び無金風フタロシアニン等
のフタロシアニン系顔料
これらの中でフタロシアニン系顔料は高波長域に高感度
を有し、本発明に係る半導体レーザ用感光体に好適であ
る。(1) Azo pigments such as monoazo pigments, bisazo pigments, triazo pigments, and gold i-complex azo pigments (2) Perylene pigments such as perylene acid anhydride and perylene acid imide (3) Anthraquinone derivatives, anthorone derivatives, dibenz Pyrenequinone derivatives, pyrantrone derivatives,
Polycyclic quinone pigments such as violanthrone derivatives and isoviolanthrone derivatives (4) Indigoid pigments such as indigo derivatives and thioindigo derivatives (5) Phthalocyanine pigments such as metal phthalocyanine and gold-free phthalocyanine Among these, phthalocyanine pigments It has high sensitivity in a high wavelength range and is suitable for the photoconductor for semiconductor laser according to the present invention.
金馬フタロシアニンとしては、中心に銅を含有するもの
(特公昭52−1667号、特開昭55−00958号
、同57−20741号等)、アルミニウム、ヂタニウ
ム、バナジウム、インジウム等を中心とするもの(特開
昭53−89433号、同57−148745号、同6
3418768号、同64−17066号等)が挙げら
れ、高感度化の点からオキシチタニルフタロシアニン(
Y型)が好ましい。Kinba phthalocyanines include those containing copper in the center (Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-1667, JP-A-55-00958, JP-A-57-20741, etc.), those containing mainly aluminum, ditanium, vanadium, indium, etc. JP-A-53-89433, JP-A No. 57-148745, JP-A No. 6
3418768, 64-17066, etc.), and oxytitanyl phthalocyanine (
Y type) is preferred.
又、無金属フタ0シアニンとしては、X型無金腐フタ0
シアニン(特公昭49−4338号)、τ型無金属フタ
ロシアニン(特開昭58−182639号)及びα、β
、ε型フタロシフタロシアニンられ、感度、電位安定性
の点からτ型が好ましい。In addition, as metal-free lid 0 cyanine, X-type metal-free lid 0
Cyanine (Japanese Patent Publication No. 49-4338), τ-type metal-free phthalocyanine (Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-182639), and α, β
, ε-type phthalocyanine, and τ-type is preferable from the viewpoint of sensitivity and potential stability.
又、好ましく用いられるキャリア発生物質としては特開
昭58−194035号、特願昭62−336384M
等に紹介されているアゾ系顔料があり、特に下記−般式
IF]で示されるビスアゾ化合物が好ましい。Also, preferred carrier-generating substances include those disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 194035/1983 and Japanese Patent Application No. 336384/1983.
There are azo pigments introduced in, etc., and bisazo compounds represented by the following general formula IF are particularly preferred.
一般式[F]
式中Ch 、 Q2は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルキ
ル基、アルコキシ基、シアン基又はトリフルオロメチル
基を表す。General formula [F] In the formula, Ch 2 and Q2 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cyan group or a trifluoromethyl group.
ハロゲン原子としては塩素原子、臭素原子、沃素原子、
アルキル基としては、メチル基、エチル基、ブチル基、
アルコキシ基としてはメトキシ基、エトキシ基、ブトキ
シ基などが挙げられる。特に好ましくは水素原子、ハロ
ゲン原子である。Halogen atoms include chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom,
Alkyl groups include methyl group, ethyl group, butyl group,
Examples of the alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a butoxy group, and the like. Particularly preferred are hydrogen atoms and halogen atoms.
Cpはカプラー残基を表し、下記構造式(1)〜(11
)で示すカプラー残基が好ましい。Cp represents a coupler residue, and has the following structural formulas (1) to (11
) are preferred.
式中、2はベンゼン環と縮合して多環式芳香族環或は複
素環を形成するに必要な原子群を表す。In the formula, 2 represents an atomic group necessary to form a polycyclic aromatic ring or a heterocycle by condensation with a benzene ring.
R+ 、R2は水素原子、アルキル基、アラルキル基、
アリール基、複素環基或いはそれらの置換体を表す。又
窒素原子或いは炭素原子と共に環を形成してもよい。R+, R2 are hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups, aralkyl groups,
Represents an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, or a substituted product thereof. Further, it may form a ring together with a nitrogen atom or a carbon atom.
R3はO,S、−NHを表ず。R3 does not represent O, S or -NH.
R4、Rsは水素原子、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、ニ
トロ基、シアン基、ハロゲン原子、アセチル基を表す。R4 and Rs represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a nitro group, a cyan group, a halogen atom, or an acetyl group.
Aは炭素環式芳香族環又は複素環式芳香族環の2価の基
を表す。A represents a divalent group of a carbocyclic aromatic ring or a heterocyclic aromatic ring.
R6はアルキル基、アラルキル基、アリール基、複素環
基或はそれら置換体を表す。R6 represents an alkyl group, an aralkyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, or a substituted product thereof.
R7は水素原子、アルキル基、ジアルキルアミノ基−ジ
アリールアミノ基、ジアルキルアミノ基、カルバモイル
基、カルボキシ基又はそのエステル基を表す。R7 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a dialkylamino group-diarylamino group, a dialkylamino group, a carbamoyl group, a carboxy group, or an ester group thereof.
R8は芳香族環基或はその置換体を表す。R8 represents an aromatic ring group or a substituted product thereof.
これらのカプラー残基の中で、(1)、(3)。Among these coupler residues are (1), (3).
(9)、(10)が好ましく、特に下記構造式%式%
式中、Y+ 、Y2は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルキ
ル基、アルコキシ基、ニトロ基、シアムしトリフルオロ
メチル基を表す。(9) and (10) are preferable, particularly the following structural formula % formula % In the formula, Y+ and Y2 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a nitro group, or a cyamic trifluoromethyl group.
更に、前記以外に好ましく用いられる顔料としては、特
開昭55−126254号に記載されている多環キノン
系顔料があり、その例を下記一般式[Q+ ][Q2
]及び【Q3]に示す。Furthermore, as pigments other than those mentioned above, there are polycyclic quinone pigments described in JP-A No. 55-126254, examples of which are expressed by the following general formula [Q+][Q2
] and [Q3].
一般式[Q、]
一般式[Q2]
一般式【Q、]
C〕
()
ここにR+ 、R2、R3、R4は水素原子又はハロゲ
ン原子、Xはハロゲン原子及びNO2゜CN、COCH
3の各基を表す。nは0〜4の整数である。General formula [Q,] General formula [Q2] General formula [Q,] C] () where R+, R2, R3, R4 are hydrogen atoms or halogen atoms, X is a halogen atom and NO2゜CN, COCH
represents each group of 3. n is an integer from 0 to 4.
本発明においては、前述したキャリア発生物質と共に、
他のキャリア発生物質の一棒又は二種以上を併用するこ
とも可能である。In the present invention, together with the carrier generating substance described above,
It is also possible to use one or more types of other carrier generating substances in combination.
併用できるキャリア発生物質としては、アントラキノン
顔料、ペリレン顔料、スクアリック酸メチン顔料、シア
ニン色素、アズレニウム化合物等が挙げられる。Examples of carrier-generating substances that can be used in combination include anthraquinone pigments, perylene pigments, methine squaric acid pigments, cyanine dyes, and azulenium compounds.
上記キャリア発生層に使用可能なバインダーとしては、
例えばポリスチレン、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、
アクリル樹脂、メタクリル樹脂、塩化ビニル樹脂、酢酸
ビニル樹脂、ポリビニルブチラール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂
、ポリウレタン樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ポリエステル樹
脂、アルキッドFM脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、シリコ
ン樹脂、メラミン樹脂等の付加重合型樹脂、重付加型樹
脂、重縮合型樹脂、並びにこれらの樹脂の繰り返し単位
のうちの2つ以上を含む共重合体樹脂、例えば塩化ビニ
ル−酢酸ビニル共重合体樹脂、塩1ヒビニルー酢酸ビニ
ルー無水マレイン酸共重合体樹脂等の絶縁性樹脂の他、
ポリ−N−ビニルカルバゾール等の高分子有線半導体が
挙げられる。Binders that can be used in the carrier generation layer include:
For example, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene,
Acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, polyvinyl butyral resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, phenol resin, polyester resin, alkyd FM resin, polycarbonate resin, silicone resin, melamine resin, etc. addition polymerization resin, polymer Addition resins, polycondensation resins, and copolymer resins containing two or more of the repeating units of these resins, such as vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resins, salt 1 vinyl-vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride copolymers In addition to insulating resins such as composite resins,
Examples include polymer wired semiconductors such as poly-N-vinylcarbazole.
上記の内、特に好ましいバインダーとしてはシリコン樹
脂及びポリビニルブチラール樹脂が挙げられる。シリコ
ン樹脂をキャリア発生層のバインダーに用いると反転現
像時の黒斑点改良効果が茗しい。又、バインダーとして
ポリビニルブチラール樹脂を用いると白斑点及び耐久性
の改良効果が上記キャリア発生層を形成する際に用いら
れる適当な溶剤としては、メタノール、イソプロパノー
ル、メチルエチルケトン、酢酸エチル、シクロヘキサノ
ン、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、酢酸ブチル、メ
ヂルイソプチルケトン、トルエンキシレン、酢酸インプ
ロピル、ジクロロエタン等の単独、もしくは混合溶剤等
が挙げられる。Among the above, particularly preferred binders include silicone resin and polyvinyl butyral resin. When silicone resin is used as a binder in the carrier generation layer, the effect of reducing black spots during reversal development is impressive. In addition, when polyvinyl butyral resin is used as a binder, it has the effect of improving white spots and durability. Suitable solvents used when forming the carrier generation layer include methanol, isopropanol, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, cyclohexanone, tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane. , butyl acetate, methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene xylene, impropyl acetate, dichloroethane, etc. alone or in combination.
キャリア発生層は、前記キャリア発生物質及びバインダ
ーを上記溶剤に溶かし、分散後この溶液を浸漬コーティ
ング法、スプレーコーティング法スピンナーコーティン
グ法、ビードコーティング法、ワイヤーバーコーティン
グ法、ブレードコーティング法、ローラーコーティング
法、カーテンコーティング法等によって塗布・乾燥する
ことにより得られる。乾燥は、室温における指触乾燥後
加熱乾燥する方法が好ましい。加熱乾燥は30℃〜20
0℃の温度で5分〜2時間、静止または送風下で行なう
ことが好ましい。The carrier generation layer can be formed by dissolving the carrier generation substance and the binder in the above solvent, dispersing the solution, and then applying the solution to a dip coating method, a spray coating method, a spinner coating method, a bead coating method, a wire bar coating method, a blade coating method, a roller coating method, It is obtained by coating and drying using a curtain coating method or the like. For drying, a method of drying to the touch at room temperature and then heating drying is preferred. Heat drying at 30℃~20℃
It is preferable to carry out the reaction at a temperature of 0° C. for 5 minutes to 2 hours, either stationary or with ventilation.
キャリア発生層の膜厚は0.1〜5μ層の範囲内とする
ことが好ましい。The thickness of the carrier generation layer is preferably within the range of 0.1 to 5 μm.
前記キャリア発生層において、キャリア発生物質のキャ
リア発生層のバインダに対する含有量比は571〜1/
10であることが好ましく、3/1〜1/3であると更
に好ましい。In the carrier generation layer, the content ratio of the carrier generation substance to the binder in the carrier generation layer is 571 to 1/
It is preferably 10, and more preferably 3/1 to 1/3.
キャリア発生物質の含有量比が上記範囲より大きいと黒
斑点等があられれやすくなり、キャリア発生物質の含有
量比が小さすぎると、光感度が低下してしまう。If the content ratio of the carrier-generating substance is larger than the above range, black spots and the like will easily appear, and if the content ratio of the carrier-generating substance is too small, the photosensitivity will decrease.
キャリア輸送層は、キャリア輸送物質を甲独であるいは
バインダ樹脂と共に、適当な溶剤又は分散媒に澄解、分
散せしめたものを塗布、乾燥して形成することができる
。用いられる溶剤又は分散媒としては、0−ブチルアミ
ン、ジエチルアミン、エチレンジアミン、イソプロパツ
ールアミン、トリエタノールアミン、トリエヂレンジア
ミン、N。The carrier transport layer can be formed by applying and drying a carrier transport material that has been clarified and dispersed in a suitable solvent or dispersion medium, either alone or together with a binder resin. The solvent or dispersion medium used is 0-butylamine, diethylamine, ethylenediamine, isopropanolamine, triethanolamine, triethylenediamine, N.
N−ジメチルホルムアミド、アセトン、メチルエチルケ
トン、シクロヘキサノン、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレ
ン、クロロホルム、1.2−ジクロロエタン、ジクロロ
メタン、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、メタノール
、エタノール、イソプロパノ−ル、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブ
チル、ジメチルスルホキシド等を挙げることができる。N-dimethylformamide, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, benzene, toluene, xylene, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide, etc. be able to.
本発明で使用可能なキャリア輸送物質としては、特に制
限はないが、カルバゾール誘導体、オキサゾール誘導体
、オキサジアゾール誘導体、チアゾール誘導体、チアジ
アゾール誘導体、トリアゾール誘導体、イミダゾール誘
導体、イミダシロン誘導体、イミダゾリジン誘導体、ビ
スイミダゾリジン誘導体、スチリル化合物、ヒドラゾン
化合物、ピラゾリン誘導体、オキサシロン誘導体、ベン
ゾチアゾール誘導体、ベンズイミダゾール誘導体、キナ
ゾリン誘導体、ベンゾフラン誘導体、アクリジン誘導体
、フェナジン、誘導体、アミノスチルベン誘導体、トリ
アリールアミン誘導体、フェニレンジアミ゛ン誘導体、
スチルベン誘導体、ポリ−N−ビニルカルバゾール、ポ
リ−1−ビニルとレン、ポリ−9−ビニルアントラセン
等から選ばれた一種又は二種以上である。Carrier transport substances that can be used in the present invention are not particularly limited, but include carbazole derivatives, oxazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, thiazole derivatives, thiadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, imidacilone derivatives, imidazolidine derivatives, bisimidazo Lysine derivatives, styryl compounds, hydrazone compounds, pyrazoline derivatives, oxacilone derivatives, benzothiazole derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, quinazoline derivatives, benzofuran derivatives, acridine derivatives, phenazine, derivatives, aminostilbene derivatives, triarylamine derivatives, phenylene diamines derivative,
One or more types selected from stilbene derivatives, poly-N-vinylcarbazole, poly-1-vinyl-lene, poly-9-vinylanthracene, and the like.
かかるキャリア輸送物質の具体的化合物例は、特開昭6
3−50851号に記載されている。Specific examples of such carrier transport substances are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 6
No. 3-50851.
本発明に用いられるキャリア輸送物質としては、光照射
時発生するホールの支持体側への輸送能力が優れている
外、電荷発生物質との組合せに好適なものが好ましく用
いられる。The carrier transporting material used in the present invention is preferably one that has an excellent ability to transport holes generated during light irradiation to the support side and is suitable for combination with a charge generating material.
かかるキャリア輸送物質として好ましいものは、下記一
般式[■]又は[■]で表わされるスチリル化合物が挙
げられる。Preferred carrier transport substances include styryl compounds represented by the following general formula [■] or [■].
一般式[VI]:
く但し、この一般式中、
R11,RI2:置換若しくは未置換のアルキル基、ア
リール基を表し、置換基としては
アルキル基、アルコキシ基、置換ア
ミLL水酸基、ハロゲン原子、ア
リール基を用いる。General formula [VI]: However, in this general formula, R11, RI2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, aryl group, and substituents include an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a substituted AMI LL hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, and an aryl group. Use a group.
Ar5、Ar6 :l操者しくは未置換のアリール基を
表し、置換基としてはアルキル
基、アルコキシ基、置換アミノ基、
水MW、ハロゲン原子、アリール基
を用いる。Ar5, Ar6: represents an operator or an unsubstituted aryl group, and as a substituent, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a substituted amino group, water MW, a halogen atom, or an aryl group is used.
R13、R14:置換若しくは未置換のアリール基、水
素原子を表し、置換基としては、
アルキル基、アルコキシ基、置換ア
ミムL水酸菖、ハロゲン原子、ア
リール基を用いる。)
上記一般式[VI]で表わされる化合物は、例えば特開
昭58−65440号、同58−198425号、同5
g−198043号、同60−93445号、同60−
98437号等に記載されている。R13, R14: Represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or hydrogen atom, and as a substituent, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a substituted amino L hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, or an aryl group is used. ) Compounds represented by the above general formula [VI] are disclosed in, for example, JP-A No. 58-65440, JP-A No. 58-198425, JP-A No. 58-198425,
g-198043, 60-93445, 60-
No. 98437, etc.
一般式〔■]:
R”
(但し、この一般式中、
R15:置換若しくは未置換のアリール基、R16:水
素原子、ハロゲン原子、置換若しくは未置換のアルキル
基、アルコキ
シ基、アミムLIIi換アミノ基、水
酸基、
R17:置換若しくは未置換のアリール基、置換若しく
は未置換の複素環基を表
ず。)
上記化合物は例えば特開昭57−148750号に記載
されている。General formula [■]: R'' (However, in this general formula, R15: substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, R16: hydrogen atom, halogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, alkoxy group, amimuLIIi-substituted amino group , hydroxyl group, R17: does not represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group.) The above compounds are described, for example, in JP-A-57-148750.
又、キャリア輸送物質として次の一般式[IX]又は[
XI]のヒドラゾン化合物も使用可能である。In addition, the following general formula [IX] or [
[XI] hydrazone compounds can also be used.
一般式[■]:
(但し、この一般式中、
R18及びR19:それぞれ水素原子又はハロゲン原子
、
R20及びR21:それぞれ置換若しくは未置換のアリ
ール基、
Ar’:置換若しくは未置換のアリーレン基を表す。)
上記化合物は例えば特開昭57−72148号に記載さ
れている。General formula [■]: (However, in this general formula, R18 and R19: each a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, R20 and R21: each a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, Ar': a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group) ) The above compounds are described, for example, in JP-A-57-72148.
一般式[X1’l:
〈但し、この一般式中、
R31:置換若しくは未置換のアリール基又は置換若し
くは未置換の複素環基、
R35:水素原子、置換若しくは未置換のアラルギル基
又は置換若しくは未置換
のアリール基、
Q:水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、置換アミノ
基、アルコキシ基又
はシアムL
S:0又は1の整数を表す。)
又、キャリア輸送物質として、次の一般式[XI]のピ
ラゾリン化合物も使用可能である。General formula: Substituted aryl group, Q: hydrogen atom, halogen atom, alkyl group, substituted amino group, alkoxy group, or siam L S: represents an integer of 0 or 1. ) Furthermore, a pyrazoline compound represented by the following general formula [XI] can also be used as a carrier transport substance.
上記化合物は例えば特開昭58−134642号、同5
B−166354号等に記載されている。Examples of the above compounds include JP-A-58-134642 and JP-A No. 58-134642;
B-166354 etc.
その他有用なキャリア輸送物質としては、例えば特開昭
57−64244号、同59−15252号、同57−
67940号、同55−2285号、同57−1952
54号、同56−4148号等に記載のものが挙げられ
る。Other useful carrier transport materials include, for example, JP-A-57-64244, JP-A-59-15252, and JP-A-57-1989.
No. 67940, No. 55-2285, No. 57-1952
Examples include those described in No. 54, No. 56-4148, and the like.
キャリア輸送層の膜厚は10μI以上であることが好ま
しい。The thickness of the carrier transport layer is preferably 10 μI or more.
感光層全体の膜厚は10〜40μmの範囲内とするのが
好ましく、15〜30μmの範囲内とすると更に好まし
い。この膜厚が上記範囲よりも小さい′と、薄いために
帯7t&電位が小さくなり、耐刷性も低下する傾向があ
る。The thickness of the entire photosensitive layer is preferably within the range of 10 to 40 μm, and more preferably within the range of 15 to 30 μm. If the film thickness is smaller than the above range, the band 7t&potential will become small due to the thin film, and the printing durability will also tend to decrease.
又、膜厚が上記範囲よりも大きいと、かえって残留電位
は上昇する上に、上記したキャリア発生層が厚すぎる場
合と同様の現象が発生して、十分な輸送能が得がたくな
る傾向が現れ、このため繰返し使用時には残留電位の上
昇が起こり易くなる。Furthermore, if the film thickness is larger than the above range, the residual potential will increase on the contrary, and the same phenomenon as described above will occur when the carrier generation layer is too thick, making it difficult to obtain sufficient transport performance. Therefore, the residual potential tends to increase during repeated use.
又、キャリア輸送層において、キャリア輸送物質は゛、
バインダ物質との相溶性に優れたものが好ましい。In addition, in the carrier transport layer, the carrier transport substance is
Those having excellent compatibility with the binder substance are preferred.
これにより、バインダ物質に対する量を多くしても濁り
不透明化を生ずることがないので、バインダ物質との混
合割合を非常に広くとることができ、又、相溶性が優れ
ていることからキャリア発生層が均一、かつ安定であり
、結果的に感度、帯電特性がより良好となり、更に高感
度で鮮明な画像を形成できる感光体をうろことができる
。ただし使用されるキャリア輸送物質の量はキャリア輸
送層のバインダーに対して40〜70111%であるこ
とが好ましい。As a result, even if the amount of the binder substance is increased, it does not become cloudy or opaque, so the mixing ratio with the binder substance can be set at a very wide range. The photoreceptor is uniform and stable, resulting in better sensitivity and charging characteristics, and can be used on a photoreceptor that can form clear images with higher sensitivity. However, the amount of the carrier transport substance used is preferably 40 to 70111% based on the binder of the carrier transport layer.
更に、特に反復転写式電子写真に用いたとき、疲労劣化
を生ずることが少ないという作用効果を奏することがで
きる。Furthermore, especially when used in repeated transfer type electrophotography, it is possible to achieve the effect that fatigue deterioration is less likely to occur.
キャリア輸送層、キャリア発生層中には従来公知の酸化
防止剤、電子受容性物質、表面改質剤及び紫外線吸収剤
等が用いられる。Conventionally known antioxidants, electron-accepting substances, surface modifiers, ultraviolet absorbers, and the like are used in the carrier transport layer and the carrier generation layer.
必要に応じて設けられる保m層のバインダとしては、体
積抵抗1o8Ω・cm以上、好ましくは10”Ω・C■
以上、より好ましくは1013Ω・Cll1以上の透明
樹脂が用いられる。The binder for the insulation layer provided as necessary has a volume resistivity of 108Ω・cm or more, preferably 10”Ω・C■
More preferably, a transparent resin having a resistance of 10 13 Ω·Cll1 or more is used.
又前記バインダは光又は熱により硬化する樹脂を用いて
もよく、かかる光又は熱により硬化する樹脂としては、
例えば熱硬化性アクリル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ウレタン
樹脂、尿素樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、アルキッド樹脂、
メラミン樹脂、光硬化性桂皮酸樹脂等又はこれらの共重
合もしくは縮合樹脂があり、その他電子写真材料に供さ
れる光又は熱硬化性樹脂の全てが利用される。Further, the binder may be a resin that is cured by light or heat, and the resin that is cured by light or heat includes:
For example, thermosetting acrylic resin, epoxy resin, urethane resin, urea resin, polyester resin, alkyd resin,
Examples include melamine resins, photocurable cinnamic acid resins, and copolymerized or condensed resins thereof, and all other photocurable or thermosetting resins used in electrophotographic materials can be used.
又前記保護層中には加工性及び物性の改良(亀裂防止、
柔軟性付与等)を目的として必要により熱可塑性樹脂を
50vt%未満含有せしめることができる。かかる熱可
塑性樹脂としては、例えばポリプロピレン、アクリル樹
脂、メタクリル樹脂、塩化ビニル樹脂、酢酸ビニル樹脂
、エポキシ樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂又はこれらの共
重合樹脂、ポリ−N−ビニルカルバゾール等の高分子有
機半導体、その他電子写真材料に供される熱可塑性樹脂
の全てが利用される。In addition, the protective layer contains improvements in processability and physical properties (crack prevention,
If necessary, a thermoplastic resin can be contained in an amount of less than 50 vt% for the purpose of imparting flexibility (imparting flexibility, etc.). Examples of such thermoplastic resins include polypropylene, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, epoxy resin, polycarbonate resin, or copolymer resins thereof, polymeric organic semiconductors such as poly-N-vinylcarbazole, and others. All of the thermoplastic resins available for electrophotographic materials are utilized.
尚゛、導電性支持体は金属板、金属ドラム又は導電性ポ
リマー、酸化インジウム等の導電性化合物若しくはアル
ミニウム、パラジウム1、金等の金属より成る導電性薄
石を塗布、蒸着、ラミネート等の手段により、紙、プラ
スチックフィルム等の基体に設けて成るものが用いられ
る。The conductive support may be a metal plate, a metal drum, or a conductive thin stone made of a conductive polymer, a conductive compound such as indium oxide, or a metal such as aluminum, palladium 1, gold, etc., by means of coating, vapor deposition, lamination, etc. Accordingly, those provided on a substrate such as paper or plastic film are used.
[実施例]
以下、本発明を実施例について更に詳細に説明するが、
これにより本発明は限定されるものではなく、種々の変
形した他の実施例も勿論含むものである。[Examples] Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples.
The present invention is not limited thereby, and of course includes other embodiments with various modifications.
大11引工
まず、下記のようにして実施例の感光体1〜3゜5及び
比較例の感光体1〜4を製造した。各感光体の製造手順
は次の通り共通である。First, photoreceptors 1 to 3.5 of Examples and photoreceptors 1 to 4 of Comparative Examples were manufactured in the following manner. The manufacturing procedure for each photoreceptor is common as follows.
まず、第1表中に示したバインダー、シランカップリン
グ剤を各溶剤に加え(添加量は表中に記載)、完全に溶
解した後、24時間放置し、中間層用塗布液を調製した
。First, the binder and silane coupling agent shown in Table 1 were added to each solvent (the amounts added are listed in the table), and after completely dissolving, the solution was left to stand for 24 hours to prepare an intermediate layer coating solution.
この液に直径80■、長ざ355am 、肉厚11の表
面を鏡面加工したアルミニウムシリンダを浸漬し、引き
上げ速度(塗布速度) 300111ffl/min
の速度にてデイツプ塗布を行った。塗布後、40℃、3
0分間乾燥を行い、0,5μmの膜厚の中間層を設けた
。ただし、ここで用いた中間層用塗布液は016μmの
フィルタで濾過したものを用いた。An aluminum cylinder with a mirror-finished surface with a diameter of 80 cm, a length of 355 am, and a wall thickness of 11 mm was immersed in this liquid, and the lifting speed (coating speed) was 300111 ffl/min.
The dip was applied at a speed of . After application, 40℃, 3
Drying was performed for 0 minutes to form an intermediate layer with a thickness of 0.5 μm. However, the intermediate layer coating liquid used here was filtered through a 016 μm filter.
次に、第1表に示すようにキャリア発生物質(CGM)
として、第1表に示す各フタロシアニン[I]〜[I[
[]401Jを、第1表に示した溶剤に200gのシリ
コン樹脂r K R−524QJ (イ3越化学社製
、固形分20 % )を溶かした溶液2,00(hNに
加えてサンドグラインダにて4時間分散させ、キャリア
発生層用塗布液を調製した。Next, as shown in Table 1, carrier generating substances (CGM)
As shown in Table 1, each phthalocyanine [I] to [I[
[]401J was added to a solution of 200 g of silicone resin rK R-524QJ (manufactured by Isankoshi Chemical Co., Ltd., solid content 20%) dissolved in the solvent shown in Table 1 at 2,00 hN (hN) and put into a sand grinder. The mixture was dispersed for 4 hours to prepare a carrier generation layer coating solution.
また、ビスアゾ願料[■]については15C1を第1表
に示した溶剤に5gのブチラール樹脂「エスレックBX
−IJ (積木化学社製)を溶かした溶液100(l
n1に、多環キノン系顔1 [V]については30oを
、第1表に示した溶剤に15aのポリカーボネート[L
−1250J (音大化成社製)を溶かした溶液10
00vRに加え、ボールミルで12時間分散させ同様に
塗布液を調製した。Regarding the bisazo application material [■], 15C1 was added to the solvent shown in Table 1, and 5 g of butyral resin "S-LEC BX" was added to the solvent shown in Table 1.
-100 (l) solution of IJ (manufactured by Block Chemical Co., Ltd.)
For polycyclic quinone type face 1 [V], 30o was added to n1, and 15a polycarbonate [L] was added to the solvent shown in Table 1.
-1250J (manufactured by Ondai Kasei Co., Ltd.) solution 10
00vR and was dispersed in a ball mill for 12 hours to prepare a coating solution in the same manner.
この液に、上記の中間層を有するシリンダを浸漬し、7
20va/ii口の塗布速度で引き上げてデイツプ塗布
を行い、0.5μ−の膜厚のキャリア発生層(CGL)
を得た。The cylinder having the above intermediate layer is immersed in this liquid, and 7
A carrier generation layer (CGL) with a film thickness of 0.5μ was formed by dip coating at a coating speed of 20VA/II.
I got it.
更に、第1表に示したキャリア輸送物質(CTM)[A
]又は[B ] 200Qとポリカーボネート樹脂[ユ
ービ0ンZ−2004,(三菱ガス化学社製)400g
とを1.2−ジクロロエタン2000顧に溶解し。Furthermore, carrier transport materials (CTM) [A
] or [B] 200Q and polycarbonate resin [Ubin Z-2004, (manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.) 400 g
and dissolved in 2000 g of 1,2-dichloroethane.
得られた溶液に、前記キャリア発生層まで塗布したシリ
ンダを浸漬し、9Qmm/mi−の引き上げ速度(塗布
速度)で引き上げてデイツプ塗布【行い、85℃で1時
間乾燥して、20μlのIII厚を有するキャリア輸送
II(CTL)を形成した。The cylinder coated up to the carrier generation layer was immersed in the obtained solution, pulled up at a pulling speed (coating speed) of 9 Q mm/mi, and dip coated. A carrier transport II (CTL) was formed with
友i璽1
次に実施例■のキャリア発生層に用いられるバインダー
をシリコン樹脂からポリビニルブチラール樹脂にかえた
以外は実流例■と同様にして実施例の感光体4を作成し
た。Friend 1 Next, photoreceptor 4 of Example 4 was prepared in the same manner as Actual Example 2, except that the binder used in the carrier generation layer of Example 2 was changed from silicone resin to polyvinyl butyral resin.
1ヱ方1
(1)耐CGL溶解性
各中間層の耐溶剤性をみるために、中間層の塗布、乾燥
後に、30秒間、第1表に示すキャリア発生層用の溶剤
に浸漬し、この後に電子顕微鏡(SEM)観察を行った
。浸漬面の中間層が均質に残っているものを○、不均質
若しくは中間層の剥れのあるものをΔ、不均質若しくは
剥れの程度がはなはだしく使用不可能な状態であるもの
をXで示した。1.1 (1) Resistance to CGL dissolution In order to check the solvent resistance of each intermediate layer, after coating and drying the intermediate layer, it was immersed in the solvent for the carrier generation layer shown in Table 1 for 30 seconds. Afterwards, electron microscopy (SEM) observation was performed. ○ indicates that the intermediate layer on the immersion surface remains homogeneous; Δ indicates that the intermediate layer is non-uniform or peeling; and Ta.
(2)黒斑点又は白斑点の測定
本発明に係る感光体1〜3及び比較例の感光体3.4の
それぞれをrU−Bix 1550 J (コニカ社
製) (半導体レーザ光a搭載)改造機に搭載し、Vu
が一700±10[V]になるようにグリッド電圧を調
節し、0.7mWの照射時の露光面の電位をVLとし、
現像バイアス−600[V]で反転現像を行い、複写画
像の白地部分の黒斑点を評価した。(2) Measurement of black spots or white spots Each of the photoconductors 1 to 3 according to the present invention and the photoconductor 3.4 of the comparative example was converted into rU-Bix 1550 J (manufactured by Konica Corporation) (equipped with semiconductor laser beam a). installed in the Vu
Adjust the grid voltage so that it is 1700 ± 10 [V], and let the potential of the exposed surface when irradiated with 0.7 mW be VL,
Reversal development was performed at a developing bias of -600 [V], and black spots on the white background portion of the copied image were evaluated.
また感光体4〜5及び比較例の感光体1,2は「U−3
iX 1550 Jに搭載し、正規現像を行ない、複写
画像の黒地部分の白斑点を評価した。In addition, photoreceptors 4 to 5 and photoreceptors 1 and 2 of comparative example are “U-3
It was mounted on an iX 1550 J, regular development was performed, and white spots on the black background of the copied image were evaluated.
尚、黒斑点、白斑点の評価は、画像解析装置「オムニコ
ン300形」 (島津製作所社製)を用いて黒斑点又は
白斑点の粒径と個数を測定し、φ(径)0.05mm以
上の黒斑点又は白斑点が1C−2当たり何個あるかによ
り判定した。黒斑点、白斑点評価の判定基準は、下記表
に示す通りである。In addition, to evaluate black spots and white spots, measure the particle size and number of black spots or white spots using an image analysis device "Omnicon 300" (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), and determine whether the particle size is φ (diameter) 0.05 mm or more. Judgment was made based on the number of black spots or white spots per 1C-2. The criteria for evaluating black spots and white spots are as shown in the table below.
(3)最高濃度([)WaX)、カブリ最高濃度(Ds
ax)、カブリについては[サクラデンシトメーター」
(コニカ社製)を用いて5000回コピー後の原稿濃
度が1.3と0.0の複写画像に対する相対濃度を測定
して判定した(白地反射濃度を0.0とした)。なお、
カブリの評価は5000回コピー後の相対濃度が0.0
1未満を○、0.01以上0.03未満をΔ、0.03
以上を×とした。(3) Maximum density ([)WaX), maximum fog density (Ds
ax), for fogging [Sakura densitometer]
(manufactured by Konica) to measure the relative densities of copied images with original densities of 1.3 and 0.0 after 5,000 copies (white background reflection density was set as 0.0). In addition,
Fog evaluation is 0.0 relative density after 5000 copies.
Less than 1 is ○, 0.01 or more and less than 0.03 is Δ, 0.03
The above was marked as ×.
(4)接着性(基盤目試験)
中間層と感光層の接着性については、基盤目試験により
評価した。すなわち、隣り合う隙間どうしの間隔が11
111のカッターガイドを用い、カッターで導電性支持
体まで縦横に11本平行に傷をつけ、100個のます目
(基盤目)を形成する。その上に幅241111のセロ
テープをはりつけた後、一端から引剥がす。その時に剥
離したます目の数をかぞえて、100個中で残ったまず
目の数で表示した。(4) Adhesiveness (baseline test) The adhesion between the intermediate layer and the photosensitive layer was evaluated by a baseline test. In other words, the distance between adjacent gaps is 11
Using a No. 111 cutter guide, make 11 parallel scratches vertically and horizontally on the conductive support with a cutter to form 100 squares (base squares). After pasting cellophane tape with a width of 241111 mm on top of it, peel it off from one end. The number of squares that were peeled off at that time was counted and expressed as the number of squares that remained out of 100.
接着性の目安として100/ 100であれば接着性良
好、Q / 100であれば不良とみなす。As a guideline for adhesion, 100/100 is considered good adhesion, and Q/100 is considered poor.
本1)
CGM : [lV]ビスアゾ顔料
CGM : [V]
多環キノン系顔料
C)
車2)
CTM :
[AJ
[B]
第・1表から明らかなように、本発明の感光体は中間層
がキャリア発生層塗布液の溶剤に溶けださず、黒斑点・
白斑点が発生しないことがわかった。Book 1) CGM: [lV] bisazo pigment CGM: [V] Polycyclic quinone pigment C) Car 2) CTM: [AJ [B] As is clear from Table 1, the photoreceptor of the present invention has an intermediate layer. does not dissolve in the solvent of the carrier generation layer coating solution, causing black spots and
It was found that white spots did not occur.
また接着性、感度にもすぐれていることがわがっ1ご
。It has also been found to have excellent adhesion and sensitivity.
.
比較例4では中間層がキャリア発生II塗布液の溶剤に
溶は出さなかったが、カブリの発生がみられ、接着性等
の点で不十分であった。このことは本発明の効果が単な
るバインダー樹脂の耐溶剤性に起因するものでなく、す
べての効果をひきだすべくバインダーの種類、溶剤が綿
密に選び出されていることを示している。In Comparative Example 4, although the intermediate layer did not dissolve in the solvent of the carrier generation II coating liquid, fogging was observed and the adhesiveness was insufficient. This shows that the effects of the present invention are not simply due to the solvent resistance of the binder resin, but that the type of binder and solvent have been carefully selected to bring out all the effects.
[発明の効果1
以上詳しく説明したように、本発明により層間接着性に
優れ、カブリ又は黒斑点・白斑点発生等のない画質の改
良された電子写真感光体を提供することができた。[Advantageous Effects of the Invention 1] As explained in detail above, the present invention makes it possible to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor with excellent interlayer adhesion and improved image quality without fogging, black spots, white spots, etc.
第1図〜第3図は、それぞれ電子写真感光体の層構成の
断面図である。
1・・・導電性支持体
(基体)
4・・・電荷輸送層
6・・・電荷発生層
7・・・中間層
8・・・感光体1 to 3 are cross-sectional views of the layer structure of the electrophotographic photoreceptor. 1... Conductive support (substrate) 4... Charge transport layer 6... Charge generation layer 7... Intermediate layer 8... Photoreceptor
Claims (5)
積層してなる電子写真感光体において、前記中間層が前
記感光層の塗布液溶剤に不溶であり、かつシランカップ
リング剤を含有することを特徴とする電子写真感光体。(1) An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising at least an intermediate layer and a photosensitive layer laminated on a conductive support, wherein the intermediate layer is insoluble in the solvent of the coating solution for the photosensitive layer and contains a silane coupling agent. An electrophotographic photoreceptor characterized by:
合体を含有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の電子写
真感光体。(2) The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate layer contains an ethylene copolymer as a binder.
及び/又は共重合ポリアミドを含有することを特徴とす
る請求項1記載の電子写真感光体。(3) The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate layer contains modified polyamide and/or copolyamide as a binder.
ダーとしてシリコン樹脂を含有することを特徴とする請
求項1、2又は3記載の電子写真感光体。(4) The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, wherein the carrier generation layer constituting the photosensitive layer contains a silicone resin as a binder.
ダーとしてポリビニルブチラール樹脂を含有することを
特徴とする請求項1、2又は3記載の電子写真感光体。(5) The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, wherein the carrier generation layer constituting the photosensitive layer contains polyvinyl butyral resin as a binder.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP15417489A JPH0318858A (en) | 1989-06-16 | 1989-06-16 | Electrophotographic sensitive body |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP15417489A JPH0318858A (en) | 1989-06-16 | 1989-06-16 | Electrophotographic sensitive body |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH0318858A true JPH0318858A (en) | 1991-01-28 |
Family
ID=15578454
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP15417489A Pending JPH0318858A (en) | 1989-06-16 | 1989-06-16 | Electrophotographic sensitive body |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPH0318858A (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5550000A (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 1996-08-27 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Process for producing electrophotographic photoreceptor |
EP0785477A2 (en) | 1996-01-22 | 1997-07-23 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, image forming apparatus and image forming process |
US5795690A (en) * | 1995-11-21 | 1998-08-18 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, image forming apparatus and image forming process |
JP2007006977A (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2007-01-18 | Norie Suzuki | Mask to which active carbon filter pack is attached |
US8178272B2 (en) | 2007-09-12 | 2012-05-15 | Ricoh Company Limited | External additive, method of manufacturing same and toner |
-
1989
- 1989-06-16 JP JP15417489A patent/JPH0318858A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5550000A (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 1996-08-27 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Process for producing electrophotographic photoreceptor |
US5795690A (en) * | 1995-11-21 | 1998-08-18 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, image forming apparatus and image forming process |
EP0785477A2 (en) | 1996-01-22 | 1997-07-23 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, image forming apparatus and image forming process |
JP2007006977A (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2007-01-18 | Norie Suzuki | Mask to which active carbon filter pack is attached |
US8178272B2 (en) | 2007-09-12 | 2012-05-15 | Ricoh Company Limited | External additive, method of manufacturing same and toner |
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