JPH0318487B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0318487B2 JPH0318487B2 JP20936483A JP20936483A JPH0318487B2 JP H0318487 B2 JPH0318487 B2 JP H0318487B2 JP 20936483 A JP20936483 A JP 20936483A JP 20936483 A JP20936483 A JP 20936483A JP H0318487 B2 JPH0318487 B2 JP H0318487B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- hollow fiber
- hollow
- mass transfer
- transfer device
- cross
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、中空糸膜の内側及び外側に流体を流
通させ、膜を介してこれらの流体間で物質の移動
を行わしめる中空糸型物質移動装置に関する。さ
らに詳しくは、物質移動効率の向上した中空型物
質移動装置に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a hollow fiber type mass transfer device that allows a fluid to flow between the inside and outside of a hollow fiber membrane and transfers a substance between these fluids via the membrane. More specifically, the present invention relates to a hollow mass transfer device with improved mass transfer efficiency.
近年、人工腎臓や人工肺あるいはその他の血液
処理装置において、中空糸膜を使用した装置が普
及しつつある。その理由は、大きな膜面積のもの
でも比較的コンパクトな装置が製作可能なためで
ある。しかしながら、中空糸型のものに限らず一
般に膜を介して物質の移動を行なう装置において
は、理論的に予想されるよりもはるかに低い物質
移動率しか得られないという問題点がある。この
原因の１つは膜表面に境膜層ができるためであ
る。境膜層においては物質移動は拡散によつて起
こるので、移動速度は極端に遅くなる。また装置
内の一部に流体の滞留が生じ、膜全体が有効に利
用されないことも原因の１つとなつている。これ
らの問題を解決するため、人工肺においては、中
空糸束の中間部分を絞つたり、気体流通室にフア
ンを設ける方法が実開昭55−138947号公報及び実
開昭57−76635号公報において提案されている。
また人工腎臓においても、透析液に撹拌効果を与
えるために特公昭53−31828号公報などにおいて
種々の提案がなされている。しかしながら、これ
らはいずれも中空糸の外側を流れる流体に対する
ものであり、内側を流れる流体に対しては何の配
慮もなされていない。中空糸の内側を流れる流体
に対して従来より行われている方法としては、装
置に振動を与えたり流体をパルス流として供給す
る方法があるが、そのためには特別の装置を必要
とし、装置が複雑になるとともに、流体洩れが発
生する恐れがあるなどの欠点がある。 In recent years, devices using hollow fiber membranes have become popular in artificial kidneys, artificial lungs, and other blood processing devices. The reason for this is that a relatively compact device can be manufactured even with a large membrane area. However, in general, not only hollow fiber type devices but also devices that transfer substances through membranes, there is a problem in that a much lower mass transfer rate than theoretically expected can be obtained. One of the reasons for this is that a membrane layer is formed on the membrane surface. In the membrane layer, mass transfer occurs by diffusion, so the transfer rate is extremely slow. Another cause is that the fluid stagnates in a part of the device and the entire membrane is not used effectively. In order to solve these problems, methods of squeezing the middle part of the hollow fiber bundle or installing a fan in the gas circulation chamber in the artificial lung are disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Application Publications No. 55-138947 and No. 57-76635. It has been proposed in
Furthermore, regarding artificial kidneys, various proposals have been made, such as in Japanese Patent Publication No. 31828/1983, in order to impart a stirring effect to the dialysate. However, all of these methods concern the fluid flowing outside the hollow fiber, and no consideration is given to the fluid flowing inside the hollow fiber. Conventional methods for controlling the fluid flowing inside the hollow fiber include applying vibration to the device or supplying the fluid as a pulsed flow, but this requires special equipment and the device is There are disadvantages such as complexity and the risk of fluid leakage.
本発明者は、中空型物質移動装置の中空糸の内
側における物質移動効率を向上すべく種々検討し
た結果、中空糸の中空部を非円形断面とし、且つ
ねじれを与えることにより、きわめて簡単に目的
を達成し得ることを見い出し、本発明に到達し
た。 As a result of various studies aimed at improving the mass transfer efficiency inside the hollow fibers of a hollow type mass transfer device, the inventor of the present invention has found that the objective can be achieved very easily by making the hollow portion of the hollow fibers have a non-circular cross section and giving the hollow fibers a twist. The inventors have discovered that the following can be achieved, and have arrived at the present invention.
すなわち本発明は、多数の中空糸膜が収納され
ており、該中空糸の内側及び外側に流体を流通さ
せ、膜を介してこれらの流体間で物質の移動を行
わしめる中空糸型物質移動装置において、前記中
空糸の中空部は非円形の断面を有しており、且つ
ねじれを与えた状態で両端部が固定されているこ
とを特徴とする中空糸型物質移動装置である。 That is, the present invention provides a hollow fiber type mass transfer device that houses a large number of hollow fiber membranes, allows fluid to flow inside and outside the hollow fibers, and transfers substances between these fluids via the membranes. In the hollow fiber type mass transfer device, the hollow portion of the hollow fiber has a non-circular cross section, and both ends are fixed in a twisted state.
本発明においては、中空糸中空部が非円形断面
を有することが必要であるが、完全な円でなけれ
ば、いかなる形状であつてもよい。断面形状の例
としては、第１図ａ〜ｅに示すように楕円・三角
形などの形状の他、円またはその他の形状の一部
に凸起及び／または凹みを設けたものなどをあげ
ることができる。このような断面形状の中空糸を
製造するには、中空糸を紡糸する際に、同様の形
状の口金を使用すればよい。中空糸の大きさは特
に限定されるものではないが、平均内径が約10〜
1000μ、平均肉厚が約10〜200μ程度が適当であ
る。中空糸の材質としては、人工肺のように一方
の流体が気体で他方が液体である場合、シリコー
ン、多孔性ポリエチレン、多孔性ポリプロピレン
などが好ましく使用される。また、人工腎臓の場
合には、セルロースなどの天然高分子及び各種の
合成高分子が使用できる。 In the present invention, it is necessary that the hollow fiber hollow portion has a non-circular cross section, but it may have any shape as long as it is not a perfect circle. Examples of cross-sectional shapes include shapes such as ellipses and triangles as shown in Figures 1a to 1e, as well as circles or other shapes with protrusions and/or depressions formed in part. can. In order to manufacture a hollow fiber having such a cross-sectional shape, a die having a similar shape may be used when spinning the hollow fiber. The size of the hollow fiber is not particularly limited, but the average inner diameter is about 10~
Appropriately, the thickness is 1000μ, with an average thickness of about 10 to 200μ. As the material for the hollow fibers, silicone, porous polyethylene, porous polypropylene, etc. are preferably used when one fluid is gas and the other is liquid, such as in an artificial lung. Furthermore, in the case of an artificial kidney, natural polymers such as cellulose and various synthetic polymers can be used.
本発明においては、さらに中空糸はねじれを与
えられた状態で両端部が固定されていることが必
要である。ねじれの程度については、中空糸の両
端間において90゜以上であることが、物質移動効
率を高める上で好ましい。ねじれの上限について
は特に限定されるものではないが、過度のねじれ
は中空糸の閉塞を招く恐れがある。このようなね
じれを与えると、中空糸内に流体を流した場合に
断面形状がねじれに沿つて回転するように変化す
るので、流れに回転運動が発生する。そして、そ
の結果、撹拌効果が生じ境膜抵抗が減少するので
物質移動効率が向上する。これに対して中空部が
円形であると、いくらねじれを与えても断面形状
に変化がないので、本発明の効果は得られない。
第２図ａは、内部に凸起２を有する中空糸１の拡
大横断面図であり、第２図ｂはこれにねじれを与
えて固定したものの部分拡大縦断面図である。こ
のようなねじれを与えるためには、中空糸をねじ
つた状態で両端部を固定すればよい。 In the present invention, it is further necessary that both ends of the hollow fiber be fixed in a twisted state. Regarding the degree of twist, it is preferable that the twist is 90° or more between both ends of the hollow fiber in order to improve mass transfer efficiency. Although there is no particular limitation on the upper limit of the twist, excessive twist may lead to blockage of the hollow fibers. When such a twist is applied, when a fluid is flowed into the hollow fiber, the cross-sectional shape changes so as to rotate along the twist, so that rotational motion occurs in the flow. As a result, a stirring effect is produced and film resistance is reduced, so that mass transfer efficiency is improved. On the other hand, if the hollow portion is circular, no matter how much twisting is applied, the cross-sectional shape will not change, so the effects of the present invention cannot be obtained.
FIG. 2a is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the hollow fiber 1 having a protrusion 2 therein, and FIG. 2b is a partially enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of the hollow fiber 1 which is twisted and fixed. In order to provide such a twist, it is sufficient to fix both ends of the hollow fiber in a twisted state.
上述した中空糸は、多数本を筒状容器に収納し
て物質移動装置として使用する。第３図は、本発
明の物質移動装置の１実施例についての断面図で
ある。中空糸１は両開口端を有する筒体３内に収
納され、両端は隔壁４，４′によつて固定されて
いる。筒体３の両端には中空糸内を流通する流体
の入口５と出口６が設けられ、側面には中空糸の
外側を流通する流体の入口７と出口８が設けられ
ている。隔壁４，４′はポリウレタン、シリコー
ン樹脂、エポシキ樹脂等を硬化させて形成させ
る。 A large number of the above-mentioned hollow fibers are housed in a cylindrical container and used as a mass transfer device. FIG. 3 is a sectional view of one embodiment of the mass transfer device of the present invention. The hollow fiber 1 is housed in a cylindrical body 3 having both open ends, and both ends are fixed by partition walls 4, 4'. An inlet 5 and an outlet 6 for a fluid flowing through the hollow fiber are provided at both ends of the cylinder 3, and an inlet 7 and an outlet 8 for a fluid flowing outside the hollow fiber are provided at the side surface. The partition walls 4, 4' are formed by curing polyurethane, silicone resin, epoxy resin, or the like.
本発明の装置を人工肺として使用する場合には
中空糸の内側に血液を流し、外側に酸素含有気体
を流通させる。血液は入口５から入り中空糸１内
を通過する間に炭酸ガスを放出し、酸素を吸収す
る。酸素含有気体としては、通常純酸素または炭
酸ガスを５％程度加えた酸酸ガスが使用される。
また、人工腎臓として使用する場合には、内側に
血液を流し、外側に透析液を流す。 When the device of the present invention is used as an artificial lung, blood flows inside the hollow fiber and oxygen-containing gas flows outside. Blood enters through the inlet 5 and, while passing through the hollow fiber 1, releases carbon dioxide gas and absorbs oxygen. As the oxygen-containing gas, pure oxygen or an acid gas to which about 5% carbon dioxide is added is usually used.
In addition, when used as an artificial kidney, blood flows inside the kidney and dialysate flows outside.
以上述べたように、本発明の物質移動装置は物
質移動効率が高く、人工肺、人工腎臓などの用途
に有用であるが、その他の用途にも使用可能であ
る。また、本発明は中空糸の内側における物質移
動効率を向上させるものであるが、さらに中空糸
の外側における物質移動効率を向上させる従来の
公知の方法を併用してもよい。 As described above, the mass transfer device of the present invention has high mass transfer efficiency and is useful for applications such as an artificial lung and an artificial kidney, but can also be used for other applications. Moreover, although the present invention improves the mass transfer efficiency inside the hollow fibers, conventionally known methods for further improving the mass transfer efficiency outside the hollow fibers may be used in combination.
以下、実施例により本発明をさらに具体的に説
明するが、本発明はかかる実施例により何ら限定
されるものではない。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples in any way.
実施例
断面が楕円形状のシリコーン製中空糸（内長径
300μ、内短径200μ、膜厚100μ）を使用し、各中
空糸の一端を固定した後、他端を１回転させてね
じりを与えて固定し、第３図に示すような人工肺
（膜面積0.5m2）を作成した。この人工肺に酸素飽
和度60％、炭酸ガス分圧50mmHg、温度37℃の牛
血を１／min・m2の流速で流し、酸素を１／
min・m2の流速で流し、酸素と炭酸ガスの移行速
度を測定した。その結果、酸素の移行速度は58
ml／min・m2、炭酸ガスの移行速度は49ml／
min・m2であつた。Example Silicone hollow fiber with an elliptical cross section (inner major diameter
300μ, inner minor axis 200μ, membrane thickness 100μ), and after fixing one end of each hollow fiber, twist the other end once and fix it to form an oxygenator (membrane) as shown in Figure 3. An area of 0.5 m 2 ) was created. Bovine blood with an oxygen saturation of 60%, a partial pressure of carbon dioxide gas of 50 mmHg, and a temperature of 37°C was passed through this oxygenator at a flow rate of 1/min・m 2 to reduce oxygen to 1/min.m2.
It was flowed at a flow rate of min·m 2 and the transfer rate of oxygen and carbon dioxide gas was measured. As a result, the oxygen transfer rate is 58
ml/min・m 2 , carbon dioxide transfer rate is 49ml/
It was min・m 2 .
これに対して、中空糸にねじりを与えずに同様
に作成した人工肺の酸素移行速度は45ml／min・
m2、炭酸ガスの移行速度は37ml／min・m2であつ
た。 In contrast, the oxygen transfer rate of an artificial lung made in the same way without twisting the hollow fiber was 45 ml/min.
m 2 , and the transfer rate of carbon dioxide gas was 37 ml/min·m 2 .
第１図は、本発明の物質移動装置に使用される
中空糸の例を示す拡大横断面図であり、第２図は
他の実施例についての拡大横断面図及び縦断面図
である。第３図は、本発明の物質移動装置の一実
施例についての断面図である。
１……中空糸、２……凸起、３……筒体、４，
４′……隔壁、５……中空糸内流通流体入口、６
……中空糸内流通流体出口、７……中空糸外流通
流体入口、８……中空糸外流通流体出口。
FIG. 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing an example of a hollow fiber used in the mass transfer device of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view and a longitudinal cross-sectional view of another embodiment. FIG. 3 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the mass transfer device of the present invention. 1...Hollow fiber, 2...Protrusion, 3...Cylinder, 4,
4'...Partition wall, 5...Hollow fiber internal circulation fluid inlet, 6
. . . Outlet of the fluid flowing inside the hollow fiber, 7. Inlet of the fluid flowing outside the hollow fiber, 8. Outlet of the fluid flowing outside the hollow fiber.
Claims (1)
の内側及び外側に流体を流通させ、膜を介してこ
れらの流体間で物質の移動を行わしめる中空糸型
物質移動装置において、前記中空糸の中空部は非
円形の断面を有しており、且つねじれを与えた状
態で両端部が固定されていることを特徴とする中
空糸型物質移動装置。 ２ 中空糸が両端間で少なくとも90゜のねじれを
有する特許請求の範囲第１項記載の中空糸型物質
移動装置。 ３ 中空糸の中空部断面が楕円形である特許請求
の範囲第１項または第２項記載の中空糸型物質移
動装置。 ４ 中空糸の中空部断面が凹凸を有する特許請求
の範囲第１項または第２項記載の中空糸型物質移
動装置。[Claims] 1. A hollow fiber type material that houses a large number of hollow fiber membranes, allows fluid to flow inside and outside the hollow fibers, and transfers substances between these fluids via the membranes. A hollow fiber type mass transfer device, characterized in that the hollow portion of the hollow fiber has a non-circular cross section, and both ends are fixed in a twisted state. 2. A hollow fiber mass transfer device according to claim 1, wherein the hollow fibers have a twist of at least 90° between their ends. 3. The hollow fiber type mass transfer device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cross section of the hollow portion of the hollow fiber is elliptical. 4. The hollow fiber type mass transfer device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cross section of the hollow portion of the hollow fiber has irregularities.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP20936483A JPS6099316A (en) | 1983-11-07 | 1983-11-07 | Mass transfer apparatus using hollow yarn |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP20936483A JPS6099316A (en) | 1983-11-07 | 1983-11-07 | Mass transfer apparatus using hollow yarn |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6099316A JPS6099316A (en) | 1985-06-03 |
| JPH0318487B2 true JPH0318487B2 (en) | 1991-03-12 |
Family
ID=16571711
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP20936483A Granted JPS6099316A (en) | 1983-11-07 | 1983-11-07 | Mass transfer apparatus using hollow yarn |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6099316A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015029927A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2015-02-16 | 三菱レイヨン株式会社 | Hollow fiber membrane, method of manufacturing the same, and hollow fiber membrane module |
-
1983
- 1983-11-07 JP JP20936483A patent/JPS6099316A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6099316A (en) | 1985-06-03 |
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