JPH0318428Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field] This invention relates to a device for discharging granular materials such as fertilizer stored in a hopper.
The present invention relates to a powder discharge device including a means for adjusting the discharge amount and a means for preventing bridging of the powder within a hopper.

[Conventional technology]

This type of powder discharge device is used, for example, from a hopper attached to the front and rear of a traveling machine such as a tractor.
Used for distributing granular materials such as fertilizers. This device needs to be able to prevent so-called bridging of the powder and granular material within the hopper, ensure a constant discharge amount, and at the same time be able to adjust this discharge amount as appropriate.

Conventionally, a powder discharge device used for this purpose mainly has a discharge port in a bottom plate 4 of a hopper 1 and a slide plate 3 arranged so as to be slidable back and forth in FIG. 8, as shown in FIG. 2, and a stirrer 5 driven by a motor (not shown) is provided thereon. In this device, the slide plate 3 is slid to adjust the opening area of the discharge port 2 to adjust the discharge amount of powder and granules, and the agitator 5 stirs the powder and granules above the discharge port 2. to prevent bridging.

[Problem that the invention attempts to solve]

However, the conventional powder discharge device described above has the following drawbacks.

First, since the amount of discharged granular material depends only on the opening area of the discharge port 2, the range in which the amount of discharged material can be adjusted is narrow in practice, and it is also difficult to make subtle adjustments to the amount of discharged material. For this reason, it has not been possible to accommodate various purposes of distributing and using powder and granules.

Second, when the amount of granular material discharged from the discharge port 2 is small, the movement of the granular material around the agitator 3 above it is also slight. For this reason, when the powder is stirred with the stirrer 3, bridging is more likely to occur.
This may cause large fluctuations in the amount of discharge or poor discharge.

Thirdly, when some discharge ports 2 are closed and powder and granules are discharged only from other discharge ports 2, the powder and granules do not flow in the hopper 1 on the side where the discharge ports 2 are closed. , since it is stagnant, it is compacted by the agitator 3. For this reason, there is a drawback that when the discharge is restarted, the discharge of the powder and granular material cannot be resumed smoothly.

This invention was made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems in conventional powder discharge devices.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The structure of this invention will be explained with reference to the reference numerals in FIGS. 1 to 7. a hopper portion 11 having opposing inner surfaces with narrowing intervals;
Fixed plates 12, 12 are connected to the lower part of the hopper part 11 along the slope of one inner surface thereof, and an opening 13 is provided at the lower end of the fixed plates 12, 12.
13... are connected to the lower part of the hopper part 11 along the slope of the other inner surface, the lower edge thereof is almost in contact with the inner surface of the lower end part of the fixing plates 12, 12, and the openings 13, 13... A plurality of sets of freely swingable movable plates 14, 14 are arranged to face the movable plates 14, 14, and are mechanically connected to the movable plates 14, 14, with their lower edges aligned with the slopes of the fixed plates 12, 12. Drive mechanisms 15, 1 that reciprocate with a phase difference to open and close the openings 13, 13...
5, and an adjustment mechanism 16 that regulates the reciprocating width of the lower end edges of the movable plates 14, 14 with respect to the openings 13, 13, . . . to adjust the amount of powder and granular material discharged.

[Effect]

In the powder discharge device according to this invention, fixed plates 12, 12 and movable plates 14, 14 are provided at the lower portions of the hopper portion 11 along the inclinations of the opposing inner surfaces, respectively.
Since these are connected to each other, the powder and granules stored in the hopper section 11 are moved along the slope of the wall surface of the hopper section 11 between the fixed plates 12, 12 and the movable plates 14, 14.
are collected at the lowest point between.

At the lowest part of the hopper section 11, the lower edges of the movable plates 14, 14, which are arranged so as to be almost in contact with the inner surfaces of the lower end parts of the movable plates 14, 14, are moved by the drive mechanisms 15, 15 to the movable plates 14. , 14, the openings 13, 13... provided at the lower ends of the fixed plates 12, 12
4 and 14. At the same time, the reciprocating lower end portions of the movable plates 14, 14 reciprocate, thereby eliminating the so-called bridging state of the powder and granular material. Therefore, the openings 13, 13...
When the ... is opened, powder and granules are discharged from it.

The amount of powder discharged is determined by the opening 13,
The adjustment mechanism 16 adjusts the reciprocating width of the lower edges of the movable plates 14, 14 in proportion to the maximum opening area of the
By adjusting the above-mentioned maximum opening area, the discharge amount of the powder or granular material can be adjusted. Also,
The shape and dimensions of the openings 13, 13... may be changed, and the opening time per cycle may be
By making adjustments on the 5th and 15th sides, the above discharge amount can be adjusted in the same way.

Furthermore, in addition to discharging powder and granules from all the openings 13, 13..., without operating some of the drive mechanisms 15, 15, powder and granules are discharged only from other openings 13, 13... It can also be discharged.

In addition, since the movable plates 14, 14 are stopped on the side where the drive mechanisms 15, 15 are stopped, the powder or granular material is held in the hopper part 11 in the same state as when the movable plates 14, 14 are stopped. Therefore, when the drive mechanisms 15, 15 are driven again, the discharge of the powder and granular material is started in the same manner as before the drive mechanisms were stopped.

〔Example〕

Next, an embodiment of this invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the hopper part 11 has a long box shape whose upper part is opened and closed with a lid 20, and the lower part of the side panels 21, 21 has an inner surface that faces each other and the distance between them decreases downward. A gradient is formed that gradually becomes narrower as the distance increases. The slope of the panels 21, 21 in the illustrated embodiment is linear with an inclination of approximately 45°, but it may also be curved. In the illustrated embodiment, the hopper portion 11 has a certain length diagonally left and right in FIG.
is partitioned into two by a partition panel 32.

The lower part of the hopper part 11 is supported by a frame 23 made up of panels assembled in a box shape.
On the left side in FIG. 2, there are provided a hopper portion 11 and a bracket 22 for mounting on a tractor or the like.

A mortar-shaped recess 24 is formed on the bottom of the frame 23, and a discharge port 17 is provided at the bottom. Further, a joint 26 for connecting a pipe-shaped chute 25 is connected to the discharge port 17. Note that these discharge ports 17 and joints 26 are
In FIG. 2, a plurality of sets are provided at regular intervals in the front-rear direction.

The lower end of the panel 21 on the left side of the hopper section 11 in FIG. are installed in succession. The lower ends of these fixed plates 12, 12 are
It is located directly above the discharge port 25, and as shown in FIG. 4, concave notches are formed at regular intervals as openings 13, 13, . . . . Opening 1
3, 13... may be through holes instead of such notches.

On the other hand, the lower end of the panel 21 on the right side in FIG. Deflects elastically.

A frame 2 is placed on the outside of the lower end of this panel 21.
3, a shaft 28 is rotatably supported in parallel with the panel 21, and movable plates 14, 14 are attached to this. The movable plates 14, 14 are arranged on an extension line of the panel 21, their lower edges contact the inner surfaces of the lower ends of the fixed plates 12, 12 in a substantially perpendicular manner, and swing about the shaft 28 as a fulcrum. do.

In the illustrated embodiment, several plates are stacked at the lower ends of the movable plates 14, 14, with an intermediate elastic plate 29 such as a rubber plate extending to the farthest end, and the fixed plates 12, 1
It is in contact with the inner surface of 2. A reinforcing plate 30 is attached to the movable plates 14, 14 from the base end to the middle part to increase their rigidity, and a seal fitting 31 having a dogleg-shaped cross section is attached to the side facing the panel 21 at the base end.
is attached, and the tip of the panel 21 is elastically in contact with this.

Inside the panel 21, there is a frame 23
A base end portion of the driven plate 18 is fixed to the fixed location 27 . The intermediate portion of this driven plate 18 is connected to the movable plates 14, 14 via an elastic spacer 18, and its lower end is located almost directly above the lower end of the movable plates 14, 14, and can swing freely. I am able to move. Note that the lower edge of the driven plate 18 has a third
As shown in the figure, unevenness is formed.

These fixed plates 12, 12, movable plates 14, 14, and driven plate 18 are individually provided for each room of the hopper section 11 partitioned by a partition plate 32. Note that the plurality of fixed plates 12, 12, movable plates 14, 14, and driven plate 18 may be separately arranged in one hopper section 11 without providing the partition 32.

The drive mechanisms 15, 15 swing the plurality of movable plates 14, 14, respectively, as shown by a solid line and a chain double-dashed line in FIG. This is a mechanism that reciprocates along the slope of the lower end. Further, the adjustment mechanism 16 is a mechanism that regulates the width in which the lower ends of the movable plates 14, 14 are reciprocated by the drive mechanisms 15, 15.

Specific examples of these mechanisms will be explained using illustrated embodiments. First, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2,
Movable plates 14, 14 on the end face side of the hopper part 11
An arm 33 is connected to the end of the arm 33, and a spring 34 is connected to the arm 33.
is attached. The elastic force of the spring 34 acts to rotate the movable plates 14, 14 in the counterclockwise direction in FIG. 2.

Bearings 35, 35 are fixed to the frame 23 of the hopper 11, and cam followers 37, 37 are attached to the tips of arms 36, 36 extending from the base end of each movable plate 14, 14 toward the bearings 35, 35. There is. A shaft 40 is rotatably supported by the bearings 35, 35, and drive cams 41, 41 are connected to the shaft 40.
and a stop cam 42 are attached. Further, a motor 39 is attached to a bracket 38 attached to the frame 23 in parallel with the bearings 35, 35, and the rotating shaft of the motor 39 is connected to the shaft 40.

As the drive cams 41, 41, for example, planar cams as shown in FIG. 5 are used, and these are in contact with the cam followers 37, 37, respectively. As is clear from the outline shape, these drive cams 41, 41 resist the elasticity of the spring 34 and move the movable plates 14, 41,
Push up the lower edge of No. 14 twice in one rotation. During this time, the lower edge of the movable plates 14, 14 is connected to the fixed plate 12,
It reciprocates between the lower edge of the opening 12 and the upper edge of the opening 13, 13...

However, these drive cams 41, 41 push up the lower end edges of the movable plates 14, 14 twice in one rotation, and the time for pushing up is different between the first and second times. As shown in FIG. 5, these drive cams 41, 41 are attached to the shaft 40 with an offset of 180 degrees. Therefore, the two movable plates 14,
14, its tip is pushed up with slight temporal shifts.

Another shaft 43 is rotatably supported in parallel to the shaft 40 by the bearings 35, 35, and a cylindrical eccentric cam 46 is attached thereto as the adjustment mechanism 16.

A lever 44 is connected to the shaft 43, by which the angle of the eccentric cam 46 can be changed, and by a tightening mechanism (not shown), the eccentric cam 46 can be fixed at an arbitrary angle. It is becoming possible to do this.

This eccentric cam 46 is arranged close to the arms 36, 36, and hits the arms 36, 36, as shown by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 2, to prevent the arms 36, 36 from rotating any further. . This stop position is controlled by the lever 44.
This can be changed by changing the angle of the eccentric cam 46. That is, while the lower edges of the movable plates 14, 14 can move downward to the lower edges of the fixed plates 12, 12 at maximum, the downward movement of the tip edges is restricted within this range, and the reciprocating range is limited. Adjust.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, reference numerals 45 and 45 designate buffer rings fitted in the positions of the eccentric cam 46 where the arms 36 and 36 hit in order to soften the impact of the arms 36 and 36 on the eccentric cam 46.

This adjustment mechanism 16 is not a cam mechanism as described above, but is, for example, a screw mechanism 4 as shown in FIG.
Screw-type stopper 48 with adjustment means according to 7.
It may be. Also, connect this to arms 36, 36
It is also possible to have a structure in which the movable plates 14, 14 are directly abutted on the back side of the movable plates 14, 14, and the range in which they can reciprocate is restricted.

FIG. 6 shows the drive mechanisms 15, 15 and the adjustment mechanism 16.
1, in which an intermittent gear mechanism is used instead of the link and cam mechanism described above. That is, the partial gears 51, 51 having cylindrical sliding parts 50, 50 mesh with the partial gears 49, 49 which rotate around the shaft 28 connected to the movable plates 14, 14. A motor not shown in FIG. 6 is connected.

In FIG. 6, only one of the two drive mechanisms 15 is illustrated, but in this case as well, the period in which the lower edges of the movable plates 14, 14 are reciprocated is shifted in the plurality of drive mechanisms 15, 15. , partial gear 5
Attach the teeth No. 1 and 51 with their angles shifted from each other.

Note that the adjustment mechanism 16 in this embodiment may include means for changing the meshing angle between the gear 49 and the partial gear 51 by changing the angle of the partial gear 49 with respect to the movable plates 14, 14 side.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the stop cam 4
A switch 52 connected to a power supply circuit as shown in FIG. As a result, immediately after turning off the main switch 54 of the power supply circuit,
When the lower edges of the movable plates 14, 14 reach the highest position, the switch 52 is switched and the motor 3
At the same time, the supply of electric power to the motor 39 is stopped, and a regenerative brake is applied to the motor 39.

As already mentioned, by starting the motor 39 and reciprocating the lower edges of the movable plates 14, 14 with the drive mechanisms 15, 15, the openings 13, 13, . . . of the fixed plates 12, 12 are substantially opened. It is opened and closed. Therefore, the powder and granules stored in the hopper part 11 and collected at the lower part of the hopper part 11 are transported through the openings 13, 13, which are opened and closed.
is discharged from.

The discharge amount can be adjusted by adjusting the maximum opening area of the openings 13, 13, . . . using the adjustment mechanism 16. Also,
The shape of the drive cams 41, 41, the partial gear 49,
The opening time of the openings 13, 13, . . . per cycle can also be adjusted by changing the diameters of the openings 49, 51, the engagement angle, and the corresponding rotational speed of the shaft 40.

Further, the lower edge of the driven plate 18 is connected to the movable plate 14,
14, and swings up and down with the reciprocating movement of the lower edges of the movable plates 14, 14, the movable plate 1
The powder directly above the lower end portions 4 and 14 is crushed and scraped downward, thereby preventing so-called bridging.

Then, in order to stop such an operating state,
When the main switch 54 of the power supply circuit shown in FIG.
Operation is stopped with 3... closed.

[Effect of idea]

As explained above, the powder spreading device according to this invention has the reciprocating width of the lower edge of the movable plates 14, 14,
The amount of granular material discharged can be adjusted by adjusting the adjustment mechanism 16 and by adjusting the opening time of the lower edges of the movable plates 14, 14 during one reciprocation. Therefore, compared to simply changing the area of the opening of the discharge section, the amount of powder or granular material discharged can be adjusted over a wider range, and moreover, finer adjustment is also possible.

Further, when the amount of powder and granular material to be discharged is not small, the reciprocating width of the movable plates 14, 14 is also narrow, so that the powder and granular materials that move little are not consolidated to form a so-called bridge state. Therefore, the specified amount of emissions can be maintained even with a small amount of emissions.

Furthermore, since the power required to drive the plurality of movable plates 14, 14 is dispersed over time, even when driving the drive mechanisms 15, 15 with a single power source, the drive mechanism 15, 15 can be operated with sufficient margin. Can be done. In addition, if powder and granules are discharged only from some of the openings 13, 13..., the powder and granules are not compacted on the side where discharge is stopped, so when discharge is restarted, the powder and granules can be discharged smoothly. High practicality can be obtained, such as being started.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional perspective view of the main part of a powder discharge device showing an embodiment of this invention, FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional side view of the main part of the powder discharge device, and FIG. A-
4 is a sectional view taken along line A, FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line B-B in FIG. 2, FIG. , a mechanical diagram showing another embodiment of the drive mechanism and adjustment mechanism in the powder discharge device; FIG. 7 is a wiring diagram showing an example of a power supply circuit of a motor that is a drive source in the powder discharge device; FIG. 8 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of a main part of a conventional example of a powder discharge device. 11...Hopper part, 13...Fixing plate, 13...
Opening, 14...Movable plate, 15...Drive mechanism, 1
6...adjustment mechanism, 17...driven plate, 18...spacer.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] In a device for discharging powder or granular material from the lower end of a hopper, a hopper part 11 has opposing inner surfaces whose distance narrows as it goes downward, and a hopper part 11 is connected to the lower part along the slope of one inner surface of the hopper part 11. The fixed plates 12, 12 provided, the openings 13, 13 opened at the lower ends of the fixed plates 12, 12, and the openings 13, 13... connected to the lower part of the hopper part 11 along the slope of the other inner surface thereof. , the lower end edges are almost in contact with the inner surfaces of the lower end portions of the fixing plates 12, 12, and the openings 13, 13...
A plurality of sets of freely swingable movable plates 14, 14 are arranged to face the movable plates 14, 14, and are mechanically connected to the movable plates 14, 14, with their lower edges aligned with the slopes of the fixed plates 12, 12. Along the opening 13,1
3... Drive mechanisms 15, 15 that reciprocate with a phase difference so as to open and close, and the movable plate 1.
4, 14 with respect to the openings 13, 13, . . . . A powder discharge device characterized in that it is equipped with an adjustment mechanism 16 that regulates the reciprocating width of the lower end edges of the openings 13, 13, . . . to adjust the amount of powder discharged.