JPH0316826Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field] This invention relates to a device for discharging granular materials such as fertilizer stored in a hopper.
The present invention relates to a powder discharge device including a means for adjusting the discharge amount and a means for preventing bridging of the powder within a hopper.

[Conventional technology]

This type of powder discharge device is used, for example, from a hopper attached to the front and rear of a traveling machine such as a tractor.
Used to spread powder and granular materials such as fertilizers. This device prevents so-called bridging of powder and granules in the hopper and ensures a constant discharge amount.
It is necessary to be able to adjust this discharge amount as appropriate.

Conventionally, a powder discharge device used for this purpose mainly has a discharge port 2 on a bottom plate 4 of a hopper 1 and a slide plate 3 arranged so as to be slidable back and forth in FIG. 8, as shown in FIG. A stirrer 5 driven by a motor (not shown) is provided thereon. In this device, the slide plate 3 is slid to adjust the opening area of the discharge port 2 to adjust the discharge amount of powder and granules, and the agitator 5 stirs the powder and granules above the discharge port 2. to prevent bridging.

[Problem that the invention attempts to solve]

However, the conventional powder discharge device described above has the following drawbacks.

First, since the discharge amount of the granular material depends only on the opening area of the discharge port 2, the range in which the discharge amount can be adjusted in practice is narrow, and it is also difficult to finely adjust the discharge amount. For this reason, it has not been possible to apply the powder or granular material to various purposes.

Second, when the amount of granular material discharged from the discharge port 2 is small, the movement of the granular material around the agitator 3 above it is also slight. For this reason, when the powder is stirred with the stirrer 3, bridging is more likely to occur.
This may cause large fluctuations in the amount of discharge or poor discharge.

In addition, if the discharge port is always open, the powder inside the hopper will leak out from the discharge port even after the operation has stopped, making it impossible to accurately adjust the discharge amount. Ta.

Therefore, this invention was created in view of the above-mentioned problems in the conventional powder discharge device, which uses a moving plate to prevent leakage of powder especially after the operation has stopped. , also,
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a powder discharge device that allows precise adjustment of the discharge amount.

[Means for solving problems]

The structure of this invention will be explained with reference to the reference numerals in FIGS. 1 to 7. The powder discharge device according to this invention consists of a hopper with opposing inner surfaces whose distance narrows from both sides toward the bottom. Part 11,
Fixed plates 12, 12 are connected to the lower part of the hopper part 11 along the slope of one inner surface thereof, and openings 13, 1 are formed at the lower ends of the fixed plates 12, 12.
3..., is connected to the lower part of the hopper part 11 along the slope of the other inner surface thereof, the lower end edge is almost in contact with the inner surface of the lower end part of the fixing plate 12, 12, and the opening part 13, 13 . . . movable plates 14, 14 that are free to swing and are arranged to face each other, the movable plates 14, 1
4, and their lower edges are connected to the openings 1 along the slopes of the fixing plates 12, 12.
3, 13... A drive mechanism 15, 15 that reciprocates to open and close, regulating the reciprocating width of the lower edge of the movable plates 14, 14 relative to the openings 13, 13... to control the amount of powder and granular material discharged. Adjustment mechanism 16 to be adjusted, a switch that is switched when the lower edge of the movable plates 14, 14 is at the highest position of its reciprocating width above the openings 13, 13... opened in the fixed plates 12, 12. 52, a main switch 54 for turning on and off the power supply 55, and a power supply unit 5 for cutting off the drive mechanisms 15, 15 from the power supply 55 by switching both the switch 52 and the main switch 54;
8.

[Effect]

In the powder discharge device according to this invention, fixed plates 12, 12 and movable plates 14, 1 are provided at the bottom of the hopper part 11 along the inclination of the opposing inner surfaces, respectively.
4 are arranged in series, the powder stored in the hopper section 11 is moved along the slope of the wall surface of the hopper section 11 between the fixed plates 12, 12 and the movable plates 14, 1.
It is collected in the lowest part between 4 and 4.

At the lowest part of the hopper part 11, the lower edge of the movable plates 14, 14, which is arranged so as to be in almost contact with the inner surface of the lower end of the movable plates 14, 14, is moved by the drive mechanism 15, 15 to the movable plate 14. , 14, openings 13, 13... provided at the lower ends of the fixed plates 12, 12 open the movable plates 1
4 and 14. At the same time, the reciprocating lower end portions of the movable plates 14, 14 reciprocate, thereby eliminating the so-called bridging state of the powder and granular material. Therefore, the openings 13, 13...
When the ... is opened, powder and granules are discharged from it.

Then, the discharge amount of this powder and granular material is
3, 13..., the reciprocating width of the lower edge of the movable plates 14, 14 is adjusted by the adjustment mechanism 16, and by adjusting the maximum opening area, the powder and granular material Emissions can be adjusted. In addition, by changing the shape and dimensions of the openings 13, 13, etc., or adjusting the opening time per cycle on the drive mechanism 15, 15 side, the discharge amount can be adjusted in the same way. can do.

According to the present invention, due to the function of the power supply section 58, it is not possible to simply switch the main switch 54 to stop the operation of the device.
The power supply is not cut off, and the movable plates 14, 14
The switch 52 is switched when the lower edge of the fixed plate 12 is at the highest position of its reciprocating width above the openings 13, 13... formed in the fixed plates 12, 12.
is switched, and only then is the power cut off and stopped. From this, the movable plate 1
The lower edges of 4, 14 are always above the openings 13, 13... when the device is stopped, and therefore, the powder inside the hopper leaks from the openings 13, 13... and has an adverse effect on the discharge amount. prevent giving.

[Example] Next, an example of this invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the hopper part 11 has a long box shape whose upper part is opened and closed with a lid 20, and the lower part of the side panels 21, 21 has an inner surface that faces each other and the distance between them decreases downward. A gradient is formed that gradually becomes narrower as the distance increases. The slope of the panels 21, 21 in the illustrated embodiment is linear with an inclination of approximately 45°, but it may also be curved. In the illustrated embodiment, the hopper portion 11 has a certain length diagonally left and right in FIG.
is partitioned into two by a partition panel 32.

The lower part of the hopper part 11 is supported by a frame 23 made up of panels assembled in a box shape.
In FIG. 2, a bracket 22 for mounting the hopper section 11 on a tractor or the like is provided on the left side.

A mortar-shaped recess 24 is formed on the bottom of the frame 23, and a discharge port 17 is provided at the bottom. Further, a joint 26 for connecting a pipe-shaped chute 25 is connected to the discharge port 17. In addition, in FIG. 2, a plurality of sets of the discharge ports 17 and the joints 26 are provided at regular intervals in the front-rear direction.

The lower end of the panel 21 on the left side of the hopper section 11 in FIG. are installed in succession. The lower ends of these fixed plates 12, 12 are
It is located directly above the discharge port 25, and as shown in FIG. 4, concave notches are formed at regular intervals as openings 13, 13, . . . . Opening 1
3, 13... may be through holes instead of such notches.

On the other hand, the lower end of the panel 21 on the right side in FIG. Deflects elastically.

A frame 2 is placed on the outside of the lower end of this panel 21.
3, a shaft 28 is rotatably supported parallel to the panel 21, and movable plates 14, 14 are attached to this. The movable plates 14, 14 are arranged on an extension line of the panel 21, their lower edges contact the inner surfaces of the lower ends of the fixed plates 12, 12 in a substantially perpendicular manner, and swing about the shaft 28 as a fulcrum. do.

In the illustrated embodiment, several plates are stacked at the lower ends of the movable plates 14, 14, with an intermediate elastic plate 29 such as a rubber plate extending to the farthest end, and the fixed plates 12, 1
It is in contact with the inner surface of 2. A reinforcing plate 30 is attached to the movable plates 14, 14 from the base end to the middle part to increase their rigidity, and a seal fitting 31 having a dogleg-shaped cross section is attached to the side facing the panel 21 at the base end.
is attached, and the tip of the panel 21 is elastically in contact with this.

Inside the panel 21, there is a frame 23
The proximal end portion of the driven plate 18 is fixed to the fixed point 27 of the driven plate 18 . The intermediate portion of this driven plate 18 is connected to the movable plates 14, 14 via an elastic spacer 18.
The lower end portion thereof is located almost directly above the lower end portions of the movable plates 14, 14, so that it can swing freely. In addition, at the lower edge of the driven plate 18,
Irregularities as shown in FIG. 3 are formed.

These fixed plates 12, 12, movable plates 14, 14, and driven plate 18 are individually provided for each room of the hopper section 11 partitioned by a partition plate 32.

The drive mechanisms 15, 15 swing the plurality of movable plates 14, 14, respectively, as shown by a solid line and a chain double-dashed line in FIG. This is a mechanism that reciprocates along the slope of the lower end. Further, the adjustment mechanism 16 is a mechanism that regulates the width in which the lower ends of the movable plates 14, 14 are reciprocated by the drive mechanisms 15, 15.

Specific examples of these mechanisms will be explained using illustrated embodiments. First, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2,
Movable plates 14, 14 on the end face side of the hopper part 11
An arm 33 is connected to the end of the arm 33, and a spring 34 is connected to the arm 33.
is attached. The elastic force of the spring 34 acts to rotate the movable plates 14, 14 in the counterclockwise direction in FIG. 2.

Bearings 35, 35 are mounted on the frame 23 of the hopper part 11.
is fixed, and cam followers 37, 37 are attached to the tips of arms 36, 36 extending from the base ends of the movable plates 14, 14 toward the bearings 35, 35 side.
A shaft 40 is rotatably supported by the bearings 35, 35, and drive cams 41, 41 and a stop cam 42 are attached to the shaft 40. Further, a motor 39 is attached to a bracket 38 attached to the frame 23 in parallel with the bearings 35, 35, and the rotating shaft of the motor 39 is connected to the shaft 40.

As the drive cams 41, 41, for example, planar cams as shown in FIG. 5 are used, and these are in contact with the cam followers 37, 37, respectively. As is clear from the outline shape, these drive cams 41, 41 resist the elasticity of the spring 34 and move the movable plates 14, 41,
Push up the lower edge of No. 14 twice in one rotation. During this time, the lower edge of the movable plates 14, 14 is connected to the fixed plate 12,
It reciprocates between the lower edge of the opening 12 and the upper edge of the opening 13, 13...

Another shaft 43 is rotatably supported in parallel to the shaft 40 by the bearings 35, 35, and a cylindrical eccentric cam 46 as the adjustment mechanism 16 is attached to this shaft.

A lever 44 is connected to the shaft 43, by which the angle of the eccentric cam 46 can be changed, and by a tightening mechanism (not shown), the eccentric cam 46 can be fixed at an arbitrary angle. It is becoming possible to do this.

This eccentric cam 46 is arranged close to the arms 36, 36, and hits the arms 36, 36, as shown by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 2, to prevent the arms 36, 36 from rotating any further. . This stop position is controlled by the lever 44.
This can be changed by changing the angle of the eccentric cam 46. That is, the movable plates 14, 14
Although the lower edge can move downward to the lower edge of the fixing plates 12, 12 at maximum, the downward movement of the tip edge is restricted within this range, and the reciprocatable range is adjusted.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, reference numerals 45 and 45 designate buffer rings that are fitted into the positions of the eccentric cam 46 on which the arms 36 and 36 come into contact, in order to soften the impact of the arms 36 and 36 on the eccentric cam 46.

This adjustment mechanism 16 is not a cam mechanism as described above, but is, for example, a screw mechanism 4 as shown in FIG.
Screw-type stopper 48 with adjustment means according to 7.
It may be. Also, connect this to arms 36, 36
It is also possible to have a structure in which the movable plates 14, 14 are directly abutted on the back side of the movable plates 14, 14, and the range in which they can reciprocate is restricted.

FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the drive mechanism 15 and adjustment mechanism 16, in which an intermittent gear mechanism is used instead of the link and cam mechanism described above. That is, a partial gear 51 having a cylindrical sliding portion 50 meshes with a partial gear 49 that rotates around a shaft 28 connected to the movable plate 14, and a motor (not shown in FIG. 6) is connected to the partial gear 51. has been done.

As the adjustment mechanism 16 in this embodiment, means can be used that changes the meshing angle between the gear 49 and the partial gear 51 by changing the angle of the partial gear 49 with respect to the movable plates 14, 14 side.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the stop cam 4
A switch 52 is disposed below the stop cam 42, and its lever is in contact with the circumferential surface of the stop cam 42. This switch 52 is connected to the power supply circuit of the motor 39 as shown in FIG.

In this power supply circuit, when the main switch 54 is turned off, power supply from the power supply 55 to the motor 39 is not immediately stopped, and when the main switch 54 is switched and the switch 52 is switched downward in FIG. 53 causes the contact 57 to switch downward in FIG. 7, stopping the power supply from the power source 55 to the motor 39, and applying regenerative braking to the motor 39.

Further, the outline of the stop cam 42 is similar to that of the drive cam 4.
1 and 41, and is fixed in a fixed positional relationship with these drive cams 41 and 41. That is, when the lower end edges of the movable plates 14, 14 are pushed up to the top, the drive cams 41, 41
The switch 52 is turned downward in FIG.

As already mentioned, by starting the motor 39 and reciprocating the lower edges of the movable plates 14, 14 with the drive mechanisms 15, 15, the openings 13, 13, . . . of the fixed plates 12, 12 are substantially opened. It is opened and closed. Therefore, the powder and granules stored in the hopper part 11 and collected at the lower part of the hopper part 11 are stored in the openings 13, 13, which are opened and closed.
is discharged from.

The discharge amount can be adjusted by adjusting the maximum opening area of the openings 13, 13, . . . using the adjustment mechanism 16. Also,
The shape of the drive cams 41, 41, the partial gear 49,
The opening time of the openings 13, 13, . . . per cycle can also be adjusted by changing the diameters of the openings 49, 51, the engagement angle, and the corresponding rotational speed of the shaft 40.

Further, the lower edge of the driven plate 18 is connected to the movable plate 14,
14 and swings up and down with the reciprocating movement of the lower edges of the movable plates 14, 14, the movable plate 1
The powder directly above the lower ends of 4 and 14 is crushed and scraped downward, thereby preventing so-called bridging.

Next, in order to stop such an operating state,
When the main switch 54 of the power circuit shown in FIG. Board 12,1
The operation is stopped with the openings 13, 13, . . . 2 closed.

[Effect of idea]

As explained above, the powder spreading device according to this invention has a reciprocating width of the lower edge of the movable plates 14, 14,
The amount of granular material discharged can be adjusted by adjusting the adjustment mechanism 16 and by adjusting the opening time during one reciprocation of the lower edges of the movable plates 14, 14. Therefore, compared to simply changing the area of the opening of the discharge section, the amount of powder and granular material discharged can be adjusted over a wider range, and moreover, delicate adjustment is also possible.

Further, when the amount of powder and granular material to be discharged is not small, the reciprocating width of the movable plates 14, 14 is also narrow, so that the powder and granular materials that move little are not consolidated to form a so-called bridge state. Therefore, the specified amount of emissions can be maintained even with a small amount of emissions.

Furthermore, even if the main switch 54 of the power supply section 58 is switched, the movable plates 14, 14 do not stop immediately;
Since the lower edges of the movable plates 14, 14 are stopped by the lower edges when the openings 13, 13, . . .

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a perspective cross-sectional view of a main part of a powder discharge device showing an embodiment of this invention, FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional side view of a main part of the powder discharge device, and FIG. A-
4 is a sectional view taken along line A, FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line B-B in FIG. 2, FIG. , a mechanical diagram showing another embodiment of the drive mechanism and adjustment mechanism in the powder discharge device; FIG. 7 is a wiring diagram showing an example of a power supply circuit of a motor that is a drive source in the powder discharge device; FIG. 8 is a schematic vertical sectional side view of the main parts of a conventional example of a powder discharge device. 11...Hopper part, 13...Fixing plate, 13...
opening, 14...movable plate, 15...drive mechanism, 1
6... Adjustment mechanism, 17... Follower plate, 18... Spacer, 52... Switch, 54... Main switch, 55... Power supply, 58... Power supply unit.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] In a device for discharging powder or granular material from the lower end of a hopper, a hopper part 11 has opposing inner surfaces whose distance narrows as it goes downward, and a hopper part 11 is connected to the lower part along the slope of one inner surface of the hopper part 11. The fixing plates 12, 12 provided, the openings 13, 13 opened at the lower ends of the fixing plates 12, 12, and the openings 13, 13 . , the lower end edges are almost in contact with the inner surfaces of the lower end portions of the fixing plates 12, 12, and the openings 13, 13...
A freely swingable movable plate 1 arranged to face the
4, 14, a drive that is mechanically connected to the movable plates 14, 14 and reciprocates their lower edges along the inclination of the fixed plates 12, 12 to open and close the openings 13, 13... Mechanisms 15, 15, the openings 13, 13 on the lower edges of the movable plates 14, 14...
An adjustment mechanism 16 that regulates the reciprocating width to adjust the discharge amount of powder and granular material, and an opening 1 in which the lower edge of the movable plates 14, 14 is formed in the fixed plates 12, 12.
3, 13... above, a switch 52 that is switched when it is at the highest position of its reciprocating width, a main switch 54 for turning on and off the power supply 55, and a switch 54 for switching both the switch 52 and the main switch 54. Therefore, the powder discharge device is characterized in that it includes a power supply unit 58 that cuts off the drive mechanisms 15, 15 from the power supply 55.