JPH03155364A - Dc motor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To achieve high speed rotation having low ripple by facing a magnetic disc of a rotor, where a permanent magnet disc secured to a rotary shaft is held by magnetic discs at the opposite sides, with an armature coil arranged on a magnetic cylindrical housing and rotating the rotor. CONSTITUTION:An axial magnetized permanent magnet 4 is secured to a rotary shaft 1 and magnetic discs 4a, 4b having diameters larger than that of the permanent magnet 4 are secured to the opposite sides thereof thus constituting a rotor. The rotary shaft 1 is held rotatably by bearings 3a, 3b fixed to the side boards 2a, 2b of a cylindrical magnetic housing 2 and drives a load 7. Square apertures 15a-15d are made at four points in the circumference of the housing 2 corresponding with the magnetic discs 4a, 4b, and then soft steel yokes 13a-14d applied with coils 5a-6d are adhered thus forming a magnetic path. One sides of the coils 5a-6d are made linear so that the coils 5a-6d face through slight predetermined gaps with the discs 4a, 4b. By such arrangement, a highly efficient high speed motor, where torque ripple is suppressed and counter torque is not produced, can be obtained.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] This is a small DC motor used as a drive source for industrial equipment.

[Conventional technology]

Although many techniques with similar configurations have been proposed, many have theoretical errors, and none have been put into practical use.

[Problems to be Solved by the Present Invention] First Problem A multi-phase DC motor, especially a brushless DC motor, has a small number of phases, so there is a problem in that it generates torque ripple, electromagnetic noise, and mechanical vibration.

Second Problem: In the case of a brushless DC motor, the rectifier is a semiconductor circuit, which is expensive, and there are problems in that electromagnetic noise is generated during phase switching. It also has the disadvantage of generating mechanical vibrations.

Third Problem: In the case of a brushless DC motor, the number of phases is three, so it takes time for the magnetic energy in the armature coil to disappear and accumulate during phase switching.

Therefore, if the speed is set to high, the generation of counter torque increases, there is a limit to the increase in rotational speed, and there is a problem that the efficiency deteriorates. When the rotation speed exceeds 100,000 revolutions per minute, iron loss increases,
Therefore, there is a problem in that the amount of heat generated also increases and the efficiency deteriorates significantly.

Qth Problem: There is iron loss due to disappearance and accumulation of magnetic energy in the armature coil, which causes a problem of deterioration of efficiency.

[Means to solve problems]

A disc-shaped magnet rotated by a rotating shaft fixed to the central axis of the first means, and a first means of the same shape closely fixed coaxially to N, 8 magnetic pole faces uniformly magnetized on both sides of the magnet. Second
The aforementioned rotating shaft is rotatably supported by a magnetic rotor made of a magnetic disk and bearings provided at the center of side plates provided at the left and right openings of the magnetic cylinder. The outer rotating surface of the second magnetic disc is connected to the inner surface of the magnetic cylinder by a first armature coil consisting of a predetermined child coil and a first armature coil with a small predetermined gap therebetween. The magnetic disk of No. 2 faces the outer rotating surface of the magnetic disk, and is closely opposed to the outer circumferential surface of the magnetic cylinder so as to be perpendicular to the direction of rotation. a means for preventing the magnetic cylinder from being closed and escaping to the outside through the hole in the magnetic cylinder; The magnet rotor is constructed of means for generating an output torque in the l direction in the magnet rotor when the magnet rotor is energized.

Second Means The above-mentioned rotating shaft is rotated by a magnetic rotor made of a magnetic ring which is rotated by a rotating shaft fixed to a central shaft, and bearings provided at the center of side plates provided at the left and right openings of the magnetic cylinder. A means that is rotatably supported and makes the outer rotating surfaces of the first and second magnetic rings face the inner surface of the magnetic cylinder with a gap of a predetermined distance therebetween; The arc surfaces of the magnetic inner layer are spaced apart from the opposing surfaces of the first and second magnetic rings, respectively, and face the outer rotating surfaces of the first and second magnetic rings, respectively, with a slight gap between them. , means arranged and fixed along the outer peripheral surface of the magnetic cylinder so as to be orthogonal to the rotation direction, and the inner part of the magnetic cylinder are in close contact with each other at a first angle, so that the magnetic flux penetrates through the hole.

The excitation coil and the first 1. The magnet rotor is constructed of means for generating an output torque in the / direction in the magnet rotor when the second armature coil is energized.

[Effect]

The above-mentioned problems 1 to ≠ are common drawbacks of well-known l-phase, 2-phase, and -3-phase electric motors.This is also considered to be a problem due to the concept of phases.

3.2. /, What can be inferred from the concept of 0 is that we escape from the concept of phase and make it an O-phase, that is, a phaseless motor.
This eliminates the above-mentioned problems.

The device of the present invention solves the first to μth problems by configuring a phaseless electric motor.

Next, the operation will be explained: Since the armature coil is always energized in one direction at a set value, there is no phase switching and no large magnetic energy enters or exits the armature coil.

Therefore, since there is no torque ripple and electrical or mechanical vibrations are eliminated, the first problem is solved.

Since there is no need for a rectifier for phase switching, there is no need for a semiconductor control circuit including a Hall element for that purpose, and it is possible to obtain a motor that obtains the driving force for the magnet rotor simply by energizing the armature coil from a DC power source.

Therefore, the second problem is solved.

Since there is no increase or decrease in the magnetic energy stored in the armature coil, there is no generation of counter torque due to the release of magnetic energy when electricity is cut off, unlike in the case of ordinary electric motors. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a high-speed electric motor (more than 10,000 revolutions per minute), which has the effect of solving the third problem. In particular, in the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2(b), since the circular ring constituting one rotor is made of mild steel, it can withstand a large centrifugal force, and therefore a high-speed rotor can be obtained.

Although the armature coil has a magnetic core, the amount of magnetic flux passing through it does not change, so there is no iron loss (and a highly efficient motor can be obtained).

Therefore, it has the effect of solving the problem of No. 1.

〔Example〕

The details of the apparatus of the present invention will be explained with respect to the embodiments shown in FIG. 1 and subsequent figures. Since the same symbols in the drawings indicate the same members, a redundant explanation thereof will be omitted.This is an explanatory diagram of the armature coil ja. These members are indicated by the same symbols in FIG. 2(a).

A rotating shaft l is fixed to the center of the magnetic disc 4 (a).The rotating outer circumferential surface of the magnetic disc ≠ B is magnetized to the north pole as shown in l.

Symbol shown with dotted line! A is the armature coil, which is wound in a rectangular shape. Arrows 7a, 7b, and 7c indicate lines of magnetic force.

Figure 1(b) shows the armature coil ja, magnetic lines of force 7a and 7b.
, 7c is shown enlarged.

As shown in the figure, the lower and upper portions of the armature coil ja are in the rotational axis direction of the magnetic disk 4ja, and both side portions are perpendicular to the magnetic pole surface.

When the magnetic disk 4Za rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow, the direction of the induced voltage induced in the armature coil ja is as indicated by the arrow mark a.
, fb, zac, fd.

With respect to the voltage in the direction of arrow ffa, all induced voltages generated on other sides are in the opposite direction.

Since the amount of magnetic flux penetrating the lower hole is equal to the amount of magnetic flux penetrating the holes on the other three sides, the induced voltage in the entire armature coil disappears.

When the armature coil ja is energized in the direction opposite to the arrow mark a, the torque that drives the magnetic disc ≠ a in the direction of the arrow mark A is not generated due to the same circumstances. The electric motor is characterized in that the magnetic flux penetrates only one side of the base, and the magnetic flux does not penetrate the holes on the other three sides.

Next, the details will be explained.

In FIG. 2(a), side plates 2a, 2b are fitted on both sides of the cylindrical magnetic outer casing as shown.

All of these are made by press-forming mild steel plates.

A ball bearing ja is installed in the center of the side plates 2rs and 2b.

3b is provided, and one rotation axis l is rotatably supported. A central portion of a disc-shaped magnet μ whose both sides are uniformly magnetized with N and S poles is fixed to the rotating shaft.

Closely attached to the N2 magnetic pole of the magnet≠, the mild steel disc 4ta
, μb, and are configured to rotate coaxially and synchronously.

Cylinder λ, mild steel disk μa, 4! b can also be made of other known magnetic materials. The outer rotating surface of the mild steel disk ≠ a, Hirosu is,
The magnetic path is closed by a mild steel cylinder which is uniformly magnetized into N and S magnetic poles and faces the outer peripheral surface with a gap at a predetermined distance therebetween.

The armature coil is in the mild steel cylinder λ! The details will be described later with reference to the exploded view of FIG. 3(a).

Symbol 7 is a load connected to one rotation axis l by a connecting member indicated by arrow C.

Figure 3(a) shows the above-mentioned cylinder λ made of mild steel and the armature coil! It is a developed view of a, jb, . . . at 31,0 degrees. In Fig. 3(a), the dotted areas /ja, /jb
,...15 (l is a rectangular hole. The armature coils ja, !b,... are fixed to a mild steel cylinder 2 which serves as a yoke at a distance of 90 degrees from each other. Mild steel plate/ Ja, /jb
Since the fixing means for the left and right armature coils fixed by winding them around are all the same, we will explain the following using armature coil J as an example. The inside of the hole as seen in Figure 1 (C) is fixed with adhesive.

Symbols j-/ and j-j are both terminals of armature coil ja.

Both sides of the yoke/Ja are indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 1 (a)/? a.

There is a linear step at the /7kl portion. Stepped portion 17
The part with the symbol a has the same structure as the straight step part 71) which projects outward. Wrap the armature coil a around the frame and harden it, then glue and fix it to the yoke/Ja, then step part/? Using a and /7b, create a hole /ja
Fit and fix the trap from above to the part shown in Figure 3 (a) &C.

The other armature coils jb, jc, and 1d, which are provided with stepped portions that also fit into the holes /Ia, are also softened by the same means through the mild steel yokes /Jb, /jc, /3tl, It may be of any other shape as long as it comes into close contact with the mild steel yoke/Ja*/'Jt+, .

The yoke described above is made of mild steel, but may be made of other magnetic materials.

As shown in Fig. 2 (C), the hole on the lower side of the armature coil ja is arc-shaped, and the arc surface is a gap that is equal to the outer circumferential surface of the mild steel disks a and hi in Fig. 2 (a). They are facing each other through the length. Therefore, the mild steel yoke/3a also has an arc shape.

When the width of the armature coil ja is small, it is not necessarily necessary to make it in an arc shape (a flat plate or a straight shape is also acceptable). , the dotted portion shows the cross section of the mild steel yoke/Ja.

Mild steel yoke 73F3. The object of the present invention can also be achieved by providing an insulating film on the insulating film and winding the armature coil thereon.

Armature coils Aa, xb, Ac, lrd in Fig. 3(a)
The configuration of the soft steel yokes /lta, /lIb, . . . is the same as that of the armature coils ra, tb, . . . and the mild steel yokes /3t>, /3b, .

The upper and lower ends of the mild steel yokes /4a, /41b, ... were also made with holes /ja, /&b, ... by the same means.
The dotted lines /2h and /2b fixed to the right end side indicate both sides of the mild steel disk lIa, and the dotted lines /large and /yoi indicate both sides of the mild steel plate≠b. The mild steel disc≠a, 4'b and the magnet Hiroshi are called a magnet rotor.

Because of the above configuration, the magnetic flux of the N pole of the magnet rotor ≠ a is the armature coil! H,! It passes through the holes on the seven sides of the bottom of rb, ..., the mild steel yokes 13a, 13b, ... and the mild steel cylinder 2, and then the mild steel yoke /'l a * /" b
+..., then armature coils 6a, 4b,...
The magnetic path passes through a hole on one side of the bottom surface of the magnetic rotor ψb, and the magnetic path is closed at the outer circumference S pole surface of the magnet rotor ψb.

As can be seen from the above explanation of the magnetic flux path, the magnetic flux is distributed between the mild steel yoke /J a r /J b * of each armature coil.
. . . and /4a, /ηb, . . . Only the holes on one side of the bottom surface which are in contact with K are penetrated, and the coil parts on the other three sides are prevented from being penetrated.

Therefore, the torque in the opposite direction or the induced voltage in the opposite direction as explained in FIG. , l direction to generate driving torque and drive the load 7 by the rotating shaft l.

The magnetic path of the magnetic flux mentioned above will be explained in more detail.

Taking the armature coils ja, &a in Fig. 3(a) as an example, the magnetic flux passing through the mild steel yoke /7a passes through the mild steel cylinder 2 as shown by arrows E and D, and then passes through the mild steel yoke /lta as shown by arrows E and D. Since it passes through the hole on one side of the bottom of the armature coil 6a,
Driving torque in one direction is obtained. At this time, magnetic flux passing in the direction of arrow C is also generated. This magnetic flux passes through space, so
Although the amount of magnetic flux is small, this magnetic flux passes through the hole on the right side of armature coil ja and the hole on the left side of armature coil Oa. Therefore, as explained in FIG. 1(b), there is an inconvenience that counter torque is generated and the output torque is reduced.

However, in this case, there is no reduction in torque that would impair practicality.

If the space through which arrow C passes is configured as a part of a mild steel cylinder λ, as is well known, the amount of magnetic flux in arrow C will increase, and according to actual measurements, the output torque will almost disappear, making it impractical. be exposed.

It will be done.

A means for completely removing the above-mentioned counter torque and obtaining the maximum output torque is shown in FIG. 3(b) using the armature coils ja and Aa as an example.

In Fig. 3(b), the armature coil! A magnetic plate/l is inserted and fixed into the hole between h and Aa.

The left end of the magnet plate l/ is the N pole as shown.

The right end is magnetized to the S pole.

Therefore, the magnetic flux that generates the counter-torque in the direction of arrow C is extinguished by the magnetic flux in the direction of the arrow due to the N pole of the magnet plate 71, and the generation of counter-torque is prevented.

The same situation prevents the generation of counter torque due to the air hole pressure on the left side of the armature coil 6a. The magnetic flux arrow of the N pole of the magnet plate // has a mild steel yoke 13a, a mild steel cylinder 2. A magnetic path is closed with eight poles passing through a mild steel yoke 1tta.

The strength of magnetization of the magnet plate // needs to be a value that satisfies the above-mentioned conditions.

The reason why the arrow portion at the tip of the magnetic flux of arrow IJD is separated into λ parts is as follows. The part indicated by one arrow passes through the mild steel yoke/lta and penetrates the hole in the bottom of the armature coil ta, so it becomes an output torque, but the part indicated by the other arrow directly outputs the S of the magnet rotor gb. There is a disadvantage that the magnetic path is closed at the pole face and does not contribute to the output torque.

Means for eliminating the above-mentioned disadvantages will now be explained with reference to FIG. Vkl). In Figure V(d), armature coil j
The mild steel yoke of a/Ja is the mild steel yoke of Fig. V (C)/
The left and right sides are longer than Ja and are longer (stepped/?a+/7t
l has been removed.

Therefore, the mild steel yoke /Ja is mounted in the cavity /ja as shown. That is, both ends of the mild steel yoke/Ja overlap a part of the mild steel cylinder 2 and are fixed in close contact.

Such fixing means may be any known means.

In the embodiment of FIG. V(c), a mild steel cylinder λ and a mild steel yoke/
Although Ja is on the same circumferential surface, in Fig. V(d), the length of arrow /9a, which is the distance between the mild steel yoke /Ja and the north pole face of the magnet rotor≠a, is It is smaller than the length of the arrow /qb, which is the distance.

All armature coils (6rsK) have the same configuration.

Therefore, when the magnetic flux of the N pole of the magnet rotor 4Za penetrates one side of the bottom surface of the armature coil ja.

A strong magnetic field is formed, passes through a part of the mild steel cylinder λ, passes through the mild steel yoke 1tta of the armature coil Ia, and then penetrates one side of the bottom of the armature coil 6a, causing S of the magnet rotor≠b.
The magnetic path is closed at the pole. At this time, the amount of magnetic flux leaking to the above-mentioned S pole face facing the mild steel cylinder 201 is reduced, so the amount of magnetic flux penetrating one side of the bottom surface of the armature coil Aa through the mild steel yoke lμa is increased.

As can be seen from the above explanation, K has the effect of increasing the output torque. Other armature coil sb.

Since each set of armature coils ab, . . . and armature coils g'b, Ac, .

The above logic requires that the magnetic body of the magnetic path through which the magnetic flux passes should be a decorative yoke.

Another embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown in FIG. 2 (1+).

In FIG. 1(b) ttc, the only difference from the embodiment shown in FIG. 2(a) is the configuration of the magnet rotor9, which will be explained below.

In FIG. 2(b), the rotation axis l has a mild steel cylinder 10
The central axis of is fixed, and a mild steel ring 10t3r1 is attached to both ends of the central axis.
The inner surface of 0b is tightly attached and fixed. Cylinder io and torus l
Oa and 10b may be other magnetic materials.

The coil frame g is annular and has an opening on its outer circumferential surface, and is fitted onto the inner circumferential surface of the mild steel cylinder 2 after the excitation coiler is wound thereon.

Since the excitation coiler is energized to the set value by the DC power supply, the ring 10a, which becomes the magnet rotor, /
The outer peripheral surface of □b is uniformly flattened to the N and S poles, respectively.

Armature coil Ia,! b,... and armature coil 6a,
Ab, . . . represent the magnet rotor 1 as in the previous embodiment.
Since the outer peripheral surfaces K of 0a and 10b face each other with a gap of a predetermined distance between them, by energizing the armature coil in a predetermined direction,
For magnet rotors 10ts and 10b! An output torque in the direction is generated and it becomes a DC motor, and the children 10a, 1(H)
Since it is made of mild steel, it has the characteristic that it will not be damaged by centrifugal force. Furthermore, the strength of the magnetic poles of the magnet rotors 10a and 10b is thicker than in the previous embodiment, so the output torque increases.

In the example shown in FIG. 2(a), 5K is also shown by the 1 dotted line 3 points.

By covering the outer periphery of the magnetic disk V with a nickel sleeve, it is possible to prevent the magnetic disk V from being damaged during approximately 10,000 rotations.

Next, the features of the device of the present invention will be explained.

Since a constant current always flows in one direction through the armature coil, there is no change in the stored magnetic energy.

Therefore, it has the feature of being able to obtain output torque without torque ripple. It has a brushless configuration, and no electronic circuit is required to control the energization of the armature coil, so a small, inexpensive, and heat-resistant electric motor can be obtained.

There is no need for a rectifier to switch the energization of the armature coil. Since there is no accumulation and release of magnetic energy in the armature coil,
Even at high speeds, there is no generation of counter torque (a high-speed electric motor with good efficiency can be obtained. Also, since there is no iron loss, the efficiency is good).

Since the armature current does not change (nor does its direction change), it has the characteristic of eliminating electromagnetic noise and mechanical vibration.

In the case of an electric motor, by using one of the multiple armature coils as a power generation coil and the others as torque generation coils, the energization of the armature coil can be controlled by the output of the power generation coil. Constant speed control can be performed. Since the output of the generator coil does not lag over time,
It is characterized by accurate and responsive constant speed control.

〔effect〕

First effect: An electric motor with flat torque characteristics without torque ripple can be obtained.

The second effect rectifier is not required, the structure is brushless, and the energization control circuit for armature current control is eliminated.

Third effect: Since no reaction torque is generated, a high-speed electric motor can be obtained.

The third effect is that there is no iron loss (no counter torque is generated), so a highly efficient electric motor can be obtained.

The j-th effect The amount of current flowing through the armature coil does not change (and the direction of current flowing does not change either, so electromagnetic noise and mechanical vibration become significantly small).

Sixth effect: The magnetic poles on the rotating surface of the magnet rotor are N and S poles, and are not single poles, so the length of the magnetic path closed by the yoke member becomes short, the configuration is simplified, a strong magnetic field can be obtained, and electric The number of sub-coils is also large (thereby, a larger output torque can be obtained).

Seventh effect: For the reason explained in FIG. 3(b) and FIG. μ(, i), the output torque can be increased.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the principle of torque generation and induced voltage storage by the magnetic rotor of the apparatus of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the configuration of the apparatus of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the structure of the apparatus of the present invention. An explanatory diagram of the armature coil fixing means, and FIG. q shows an explanatory diagram of the armature coil wound around a mild steel yoke. l...Rotating shaft, λ, λa,, 2b...Magnetic cylindrical outer casing, 3a, 3b-...Bearing, Hiroshi, 4! a, 4! b
, /(:l. 10a, 10b-magnetic rotor, j a r j
b +..., Ja, Ab,... armature coil,
7...Load, fa, direction,...current direction, 7a,
7b...Direction of magnetic field lines, 3...Nickel sleeve, g...Reeling frame, ta...Exciting coil, /,?
a , /3b, ”' r 74'a */1Il)
, -・-mild steel yoke, /&a, /jb,
- Vacancies, C, D, E, K...arrows indicating the direction of formation;
/7a. /7tl...Danbe, Mu l fig ((L) Ja ol fig (6) 甚2 fig ((1) 躬UG(n) fig. 3(a> fig. 3(ri)

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A disk-shaped magnet rotated by a rotating shaft fixed to the central axis, and a first disk of the same shape coaxially and closely fixed to the uniformly magnetized N and S magnetic pole faces on both sides of the magnet.
, the rotary shaft is rotatably supported by a magnetic rotor made of a second magnetic disk, and a bearing provided at the center of a side plate provided at the left and right openings of the magnetic cylinder;
means for causing the outer rotating surface of the second magnetic disk to face the inner surface of the magnetic cylinder through a gap of a predetermined distance; and a plurality of electrical machines wound so that one side is linear. A first armature coil consisting of a child coil and a second armature coil of the same configuration.
The armature coil and the outer surface of the linear one-side coil portion of the first and second armature coils are connected to the outer periphery of the first and second magnetic disks, respectively, through a slight predetermined gap. means for arranging and fixing along the outer peripheral surface of the magnetic cylinder so as to face the rotating surface and perpendicular to the rotational direction; and a linear coil portion of the first and second armature coils in which the inner side of the magnetic cylinder is The magnetic flux that has passed through the coil portion while opposing the inner side of the coil is
means for preventing penetration of other coil portions that are closed by the magnetic cylinder and escape to the outside through holes in the magnetic cylinder; 1. A direct current motor comprising means for generating an output torque in one direction in a magnet rotor when energized. (2) Consisting of a magnetic cylinder rotated by a rotating shaft fixed to the central axis, and first and second magnetic rings of the same shape that are spaced apart on both sides and whose inner peripheral surfaces are fitted. The aforementioned rotating shaft is rotatably supported by a magnetic rotor and bearings provided at the center of side plates provided at the left and right openings of the magnetic cylinder, and the outer rotation of the first and second magnetic rings is supported. means for making the surface face the inner surface of the magnetic cylinder with a gap of a predetermined distance therebetween;
, an excitation coil that is wound around a magnetic cylinder at a distance from the opposing surface of the second magnetic ring and is fixed to the magnetic cylinder surface, and is wound so that one side is in a straight line. A first armature coil consisting of a plurality of armature coils, a second motor coil having the same configuration, and a slight air gap on the outer surface of the coil portion of one linear side of the first and second armature coils. means for arranging and fixing the first and second magnetic cylinders along the outer peripheral surfaces of the magnetic cylinders so as to face the outer peripheral rotating surfaces of the first and second magnetic cylinders and perpendicular to the rotation direction; portions are opposed to and in close contact with the insides of the linear coil portions of the first and second armature coils,
means for preventing the magnetic flux that has penetrated the coil portion from penetrating other coil portions that are closed by the magnetic cylinder and escape to the outside through holes in the magnetic cylinder; and a DC power source. 1. A direct current motor comprising means for generating an output torque in one direction in a magnet rotor when current is applied to an excitation coil and first and second armature coils.