JPH03129151A - Differential gear - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To reduce the number of parts by providing a spring disposed between a clutch ring and press member to previously press a multiple disk clutch through the press member while urging the clutch ring in the unlocking direction. CONSTITUTION:A dog clutch 99 is turned on by the left shift of a clutch ring 81 and turned off by the right shift of same. When the clutch 99 is turned on, a right side gear 57 is connected to a differential case 21 through a press member 91, clutch 99 and clutch ring 81 to set differential gears 59 to the differential locking state. When the mechanism 59 is released from the locking state, a wave ring 87 shifts the clutch ring 81 rightward, while pressing previously a right multiple disk clutch 71 through the press member 91 to give always an appropriate differential limiting force to the differential gears 59. Thus, the number of parts can be lessened to make the differential gears advantageous with respect to space and cost reduction.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Object of the Invention] (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a differential device used in a vehicle or the like.

(Prior art) Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 59-108857 describes a "vehicle differential limiting device", and Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 60-127152 describes a "vehicle differential limiting device".
"Differential locking device" is described. The former is a differential device with a differential limiting function using a multi-plate clutch, and the latter is a differential device that performs differential locking using a dog clutch. In the former type of device, a preload spring is sometimes used in the multi-plate clutch, while in the latter, a return spring is used for unlocking.

(Problem to be Solved by the Invention) If both a preload spring and a return spring are used in such a differential device equipped with both differential limiting and differential locking mechanisms, the number of parts will increase and the installation space will also increase. .

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a differential device that has both differential limiting and differential locking functions, and in which one spring serves as both a preload spring and a return spring.

[Structure of the Invention] (Means for Solving the Problems) A differential device of the present invention includes a differential mechanism, a differential limiting friction clutch disposed between differential members of the differential mechanism, and one A clutch member that is movably connected to a differential member and contributes to the engagement of the friction clutch, a clutch member that is movably connected to another differential member and forms a dog clutch between the pressing member, and a clutch. an operating means for moving the member to engage the clutch member with the pressing member to differentially lock the differential mechanism; and an operating means disposed between the clutch member and the pressing member for preloading the friction clutch via the pressing member. P? be a sign.

(Operation) When the dog clutch is engaged by the movement operation of the clutch member by the operating means, one differential member is connected to the other differential member via the clutch member, the dog clutch, and the pressing member, resulting in a differential lock state. . In addition, in the unlocked state, the friction clutch is pressed and engaged by the preload force of the spring via the pressing member, and differential restriction is performed. Further, this spring is disposed between the pressing member and the clutch member, urges the clutch member in the unlocking direction, and functions as a return spring.

In this way, one spring serves both as a preload spring and a return spring, eliminating the need for separate springs.

(Example) An example will be explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. Third
The figure shows the power system of a vehicle using this embodiment. Hereinafter, the left and right directions are the left and right directions in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the upper part of these drawings corresponds to the front of this vehicle (the upper part of FIG. 3). Note that members without numbers are not shown.

First, the configuration of the power system shown in FIG. 3 will be explained.

This power system includes an engine 1, a transmission 3, a propeller shaft 5, a rear differential 7 (the differential device of this embodiment used on the rear wheel side), rear axles 9 and 11,
It is composed of left and right rear wheels 13, 15, left and right front wheels 17, 19, etc.

A differential case 21 (differential member) of the rear differential 7 is supported within a differential carrier 27 by bearings 23, 25, as shown in FIG. The differential case 21 has a ring gear 29
are fixed with bolts 31. These two gears mesh with a drive pinion gear 33, and the gear 33 is integrally formed with a drive pinion shaft 37 connected to the propeller shaft 5 side and supported by the carrier 27 by a bearing 35. In this way, the differential case 21 is rotationally driven by the driving force from the engine 1.

An axial wet 39 is provided inside the differential case 21, and this wet 39 has left and right pressure rings 4.
1.43 is supported by engaging each convex portion 45.47 so as to be movable in the axial direction. The tip of a binion shaft 49 is supported between each ring 41.43, and a cam 51.51 is formed at the opposing portion thereof to apply left and right thrust force to each ring 41.43 by rotational torque. There is.

A pinion gear 53 is rotatably supported on the pinion shaft 49, and a left side gear 55 and a right side gear 57 (differential member) mesh with this gear 53. In this way, the differential mechanism 59 is configured. Each of the side gears 55, 57 is spline connected to a rear axle 9.degree. 11 housed in left and right axle tubes 61, 63, respectively. A thrust block 6o is arranged between each axle 911.

Therefore, the driving force from the engine 1 causes the differential case 21 to
When rotates, this rotation causes pressure ring 41.43
The signal is transmitted to the four pinion shafts via the cam 51, and is further dividedly output from the pinion gear 53 and side gears 55, 57 to the left and right rear wheels 13 and 15. Furthermore, if there is a difference in drive resistance between the rear wheels, the rotation of the gear 53 will differentially distribute the drive force to the left and right sides.

Between each of the side gears 55, 57 and the differential case 21, outer and inner friction plates 65° and 67 arranged on the ears are connected to the case 2.
1 and gears 55 and 57, each of which is configured with a spline connection, and the left multi-disc clutch 71 (
A friction clutch) is installed.

When transmitting driving force, the cam 5 is generated by applying transmission torque.
Each multi-plate clutch 69, 71 is pressed and engaged by the pressure ring 41, 43 by one thrust force, and the differential movement of the differential mechanism 59 is limited. This differential limiting force increases as the transmitted torque increases. In addition, each side gear 5
Each gear 55 is meshed with the gear 53 by a washer 73° 73 disposed between the differential case 21 and the differential case 21.
The thrust force of °57 does not act on the multi-plate Crunchyro 9.71.

A ring-shaped recess 79 is formed between the right side cover part 75 and the cylindrical part 77 of the differential case 21.
At 9, a clutch ring 81 (clutch member) is arranged. This ring 8] has a convex portion 83 provided on the right side.
is engaged with the through hole 85 of the cover 75, and the differential case 21
is connected for axial movement.

As shown in FIG. 2, a wave ring 87 (spring), its retainer 89, and a pressing member 91 are arranged from the right to the left of the clutch ring 81.

The retainer 8 has its claws 93 fully 9 in the radial direction of the cover part 75.
The wave ring 87 is engaged with the clutch ring 81 and is disposed on the cover part 75 so as to be non-rotatable but movable in the axial direction.

The pressing member 91 is axially movably connected to the right side gear 57 by an uneven portion 97 on the inner circumference on the same spline to which the inner friction plate 67 is connected. Further, a dog clutch 99 (dog clutch) is formed between the clutch ring 81 and the pressing member 91 as opposed members.

These dog clutches 9 are engaged when the clutch ring 81 moves to the left, and are disengaged when the clutch ring 81 moves to the right (the state shown in FIG. 1). When the nine clutches are engaged, the right side gear 57 is connected to the differential case 21 via the pressing member 91, the clutch 99, and the clutch ring 81, and the differential mechanism 59 enters the differential lock state. The wave ring 87 moves the clutch ring 81 to the right when the lock is released, and also preloads the right multi-plate clutch 71 via the pressing member 91 to always apply an appropriate differential limiting force to the differential mechanism 59. In this way, the wave ring 87 has the functions of both a preload spring and a return spring.

A connecting member 101 and a sliding plate 103 are connected to the convex portion 83 of the clutch ring 81 through a through hole 85 of the cover portion 75 with bolts. A lubricating well enclosed in the carrier 27 and splashed up by the rotation of the ring gear 29 flows through the through hole 85 and lubricates the inside of the differential case 21.

On the right side of this sliding plate 103 is a ring-shaped actuator 1.
05 (operating means) is arranged and fixed to the differential carrier 27 with bolts 107. When pressure is supplied from the pressure source to the pressure chamber 109 of the actuator 105 via the control valve device, the diaphragm 111 is bent to the left, and the sliding plate 1
03 and the clutch ring 81 via the connecting member 101,
The dog clutch 99 moves to the left against the biasing force of the wave ring 87, and the dog clutch 99 engages as described above, thereby locking the differential of the differential mechanism 59. When this pressure supply is stopped, the clutch ring 81 returns to the right due to the urging force of the wave ring 87, and the dog clutch and nine notches are opened. When the actuator 105 is in operation, sliding with respect to the differential case 21 is performed between the sliding plate 103 and the differential case 21 side. The control valve device can be operated manually from the driver's seat or automatically depending on steering conditions and road surface conditions.

In this way, the rear differential 7 is configured.

In this rear differential 7, the wave ring 87 serves both as a preload spring and a return spring as described above, so there is no need to prepare both, which reduces the number of parts, reduces costs, and is advantageous in terms of space.

Next, the functions of the rear differential 7 will be explained in accordance with the functions of the vehicle shown in FIG.

The driving force of the engine 1 is shifted by a transmission 3, transmitted to a rear differential 7 via a propeller shaft 5, and is dividedly output to left and right rear wheels 13.15.

If the differential lock of the rear differential 7 is released, a differential between the rear wheels becomes possible, so that the vehicle can turn smoothly and maintain straight-line performance on uneven roads. Further, by limiting the differential of the multi-disc clutch 71 due to the preload of the wave ring 87, an appropriate differential limit is always applied between the rear wheels, and the attitude of the vehicle is stabilized.

When starting or accelerating, the multi-plate clutch 6971 is engaged by the thrust force of the cam 51 to limit the differential movement between the rear wheels 1315 and improve the straight-line stability of the vehicle. As the acceleration increases, the thrust force increases and the stability increases. Also, locking the differential further improves straight-line stability.

For example, when one rear wheel becomes idling on a rough road, the differential limiting force of the multi-disc clutch sends driving force to the other rear wheel, preventing the vehicle from getting stuck and improving running performance. Also, locking the differential will further improve running performance.

Note that the through hole 85 of the cover part 75 and the clutch ring 81
A cam that moves the ring 81 to the left by receiving a driving force may be formed between the convex portion 83 and the ring 81 .

In this case, the operating force of the actuator 105 for engaging the nine dog clutches can be small.

Also, other types of differential mechanisms, such as planetary gear types, may be used.

[Effects of the Invention] The differential device of the present invention has both differential limiting and differential locking functions, and a single spring serves as both the preload spring of the differential limiting friction clutch and the return spring of the differential locking mechanism. Therefore, the number of parts is small, which is advantageous in terms of space, and costs can be reduced.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of one embodiment, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of essential members of this embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a skeleton machine diagram showing the power system of a vehicle using this embodiment. 21... Differential case (differential member) 57... Five right sight gears (differential member)... Differential mechanism 71... Multi-plate clutch (friction clutch) 81... Clutch ring (clutch member) 91...pressing member

Claims (1)

[Claims] a differential mechanism, a differential limiting friction clutch disposed between differential members of the differential mechanism, and a pressing member movably connected to one differential member and contributing to engagement of the friction clutch; A clutch member that is movably connected to another differential member and forms a dog clutch with the pressing member, and a differential lock of the differential mechanism that is moved and operated to mesh the clutch member with the pressing member. and a spring disposed between a clutch member and a pressing member that preloads the friction clutch via the pressing member and biases the clutch member in the unlocking direction. Device.