JPH03119889A - Three-dimensional picture display device - Google Patents

Three-dimensional picture display device

Info

Publication number
JPH03119889A
JPH03119889A JP1255249A JP25524989A JPH03119889A JP H03119889 A JPH03119889 A JP H03119889A JP 1255249 A JP1255249 A JP 1255249A JP 25524989 A JP25524989 A JP 25524989A JP H03119889 A JPH03119889 A JP H03119889A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
barrier
display device
image display
dimensional image
stripes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP1255249A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2857429B2 (en
Inventor
Haruo Isono
磯野　春雄
Hisaya Morita
寿哉 森田
Minoru Yasuda
稔 安田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Japan Broadcasting Corp
Original Assignee
Nippon Hoso Kyokai NHK
Japan Broadcasting Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nippon Hoso Kyokai NHK, Japan Broadcasting Corp filed Critical Nippon Hoso Kyokai NHK
Priority to JP1255249A priority Critical patent/JP2857429B2/en
Publication of JPH03119889A publication Critical patent/JPH03119889A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2857429B2 publication Critical patent/JP2857429B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/001—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes using specific devices not provided for in groups G09G3/02 - G09G3/36, e.g. using an intermediate record carrier such as a film slide; Projection systems; Display of non-alphanumerical information, solely or in combination with alphanumerical information, e.g. digital display on projected diapositive as background
    • G09G3/003—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes using specific devices not provided for in groups G09G3/02 - G09G3/36, e.g. using an intermediate record carrier such as a film slide; Projection systems; Display of non-alphanumerical information, solely or in combination with alphanumerical information, e.g. digital display on projected diapositive as background to produce spatial visual effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
    • H04N13/31—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using parallax barriers
    • H04N13/315—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using parallax barriers the parallax barriers being time-variant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/356—Image reproducers having separate monoscopic and stereoscopic modes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/0261—Improving the quality of display appearance in the context of movement of objects on the screen or movement of the observer relative to the screen
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N2213/00—Details of stereoscopic systems
    • H04N2213/001—Constructional or mechanical details

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable use as a two-dimensional picture display device and as a three-dimensional picture display device by electronically generating barrier stripes and freely variably controlling the shape, position or concentration, etc., of the generated barrier stripes. CONSTITUTION:Continuous pictures picked up from two directions or multiple directions are displayed as a longitudinal slit picture on a picture display screen of the picture display device. For example, by using a transmissive liquid crystal display element, etc., X and Y addresses are designated by a control means such as a microcomputer 13, etc., and the barrier stripes in the arbitrary shape are formed at an arbitrary positions on a barrier surface. It is in the case of three-dimensional picture display to generate the longitudinal stripe-shape barrier stripes on a barrier 12. In the case of two-dimensional picture display, the above mentioned barrier stripes are stopped being generated and the drive of the above mentioned barrier 12 is controlled so as to obtain an uncolored and transparent state over the whole area of a picture display area. Thus, the device can be also used as the two-dimensional picture display device.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

［産業上の利用分野］ 本発明は、パララックス・バリヤ方式によるメガネ不要
の３次元画像表示装置に関し、特にパララックス・バリ
ヤ・ストライプを電子的手段により発生させ、そのバリ
ヤ・ストライブの形状・位置等を制御できるような機能
を有する３次元画像表示装置に関する。 （以下余白） ［発明の概要］ 本発明では、バララックス・バリヤを用いたメガネ不要
の３次元画像表示装置において、バリヤ・ストライブを
電子的に発生させるとともに、発生したこのバリヤ・ス
トライブの形状（ストライブの数１幅９間隔）や位置（
位相）、濃度などを使用目的に応じて、電子的に可変制
御することにより、２次元画像表示装置としても使用で
き、かつ多機能で汎用性のあるメガネなし３次元画像表
示装置を容易に実現できるようにしたものである。[Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a three-dimensional image display device using a parallax barrier method that does not require glasses. The present invention relates to a three-dimensional image display device having a function of controlling position and the like. (The following is a blank space) [Summary of the Invention] In the present invention, in a three-dimensional image display device that uses a varalax barrier and does not require glasses, barrier stripes are generated electronically, and the generated barrier stripes are Shape (number of stripes 1 width 9 intervals) and position (
By electronically variable control of phase), density, etc. according to the purpose of use, it is easy to create a multifunctional and versatile 3D image display device without glasses that can also be used as a 2D image display device. It has been made possible.

【従来の技術】[Conventional technology]

従来、メガネを使用しない立体画像あるいは３次元画像
の表示方式の一つとして、バララックス・バリヤ方式が
提案されている。このバララックス・バリヤ方式は、第
２図の原理図に示すように、きわめて細い縦縞状のアパ
ーチャースリットｌａの裏側の所定の距離りだけ離れた
位置に、観察者の左右両眼２ａ、２ｂが見るべき画像３
ａ、３ｂを、ステレオグラム表示面１０上に交互に縦縞
状に印刷する（あるいは写真フィルムに焼き込む）こと
により立体表示するものである。このような複数のアパ
ーチャスリットｌａを有するプレートをバララックス・
バリヤ（Ｐａｒａｌｌａｘ　ｂａｒｒｉｅｒ）　１と呼
んでいる。第２図は、このパララックス・バリヤ１を通
して左右画像３ｂ、３ａを立体視する原理を示すもので
、この構成は一般にパララックス・ステレオグラムと呼
ばれている。 だが、このバララックス・ステレオグラムに収められて
いる情報は、左右２眼分、すなわち平面画像の２倍にす
ぎない。また、視点の移動も決して自由とは言えない。 そこで、これらの欠点を除くために、１９１８年にＣ，
Ｗ、にａｎｏｌ　ｔによって提案されたのが、パララッ
クス・パノラマダラムと名付けられた連続的３次元画像
表示方法である。この方式は、例えば第３図に示すよう
に、バララックス・ステレオグラムにおいて、パララッ
クス・バリヤ１のアパーチャｌａの開口比を例えば１／
６〜ｌ／１０ぐらいに下げ、その代りに画像表示面１０
に多方向から撮像した連続画像を配置するものである。 このとき、方向分解数６〜１０の連続的３次元画像が得
られる。 一方、メガネ不要の３次元画像表示方式には、上記のパ
ララックス・バリヤ方式の他に、レンティキュラ方式、
バリフォーカルミラ一方式、インテグラル・フォトグラ
フィ一方式、ホログラフィ一方式などいくつかの方式が
あるが、これらの方式の説明は本発明と直接関係ないの
で省略する。 ［発明が解決しようとする課題］ 従来のパララックス・バリヤ方式の３次元画像表示装置
では、通常、バリヤをフィルム等で作成し、このバリヤ
を通して、その背後に表示される多方向連続画像を観察
するように構成されている。このため、このような従来
装置では、通常の２次元画像を表示させると、このパラ
ラッスク・バリヤが障害となって２次元画像を見ること
ができない。すなわち、従来のパララックス・バリヤ方
式の３次元画像表示装置では２次元画像表示装置との両
立性をもたないという問題点がある。 一方、コンピューターグラフィックスやＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ
　、ワークステーション等で用いられるデイスプレィ装
置では、使用目的に応じて２次元画像で表示したり、あ
るいは、３次元画像で表示したいという要望が強い。ま
た、将来の３次元テレビジョン表示装置においても、２
次元画像の番組を表示できる必要があり、２次元画像表
示との両立性を有するか否かは、きわめて重要な問題で
ある。 さらに、従来のパララックス・バリヤ方式の３次元画像
表示装置では、−度、バリヤの形状や位置などを決めた
後に、それらを変更することは容易ではない。 本発明の目的は、こわらの問題点を解決するために、パ
ララックス・バリヤを透過形液晶素子などにより電子的
に発生させ、このバリヤ・ストライブの形状（ストライ
ブの数１幅１間隔）や、位置（位相〉、濃度などを使用
目的に応じて電子的に可変制御できるようにした３次元
画像表示装置を提供することにある。 ［課題を解決するための手段］ かかる目的を達成するため、本発明は、透過型液晶表示
素子を用いてパララックス・バリヤ・ストライプを電子
制御により発生するバリヤ発生手段と、パララックス・
バリヤ・ストライプの発生位置から所定距離を離して表
示画面が配設されて、少なくとも左右画像が交互に配列
された多方向画像を該表示画面に出力表示可能な画像表
示手段とを具備したことを特徴とする。 また、本発明の一形態は、バリヤ発生手段としては、画
像表示手段が異なる２次元画像を表示する際には、パラ
ラックス・バリヤの発生を停止してバリヤ発生面が無色
透明のパネルとなることを特徴とする。 また、本発明の別の形態は、バリヤ発生手段としては、
パララックス・バリヤ・ストライプの数１幅、開口比お
よび間隔を含む形状や発生位置の位相を指示入力に応じ
て自在に可変制御する制御手段を有することを特徴とす
る。 また、本発明の別の形態は、３次元画像を観察する観察
者の頭部位置を検出する検出手段と、検出手段の検出信
号に基づいて、観察者が左右方向に瞳孔間隔だけ移動す
る毎にバリヤ発生手段のパララックス・バリヤ・ストラ
イプの位相を反転させるバリヤ反転手段とを有すること
を特徴とする。 また、本発明の別の形態は、バリヤ発生手段のパララッ
クス・バリヤ・ストライプの発生面が平面状または曲面
状に形成されていることを特徴とする。 また、本発明の別の形態は、バリヤ発生手段としては、
パララックス・バリヤ・ストライプの濃度を可変制御す
る濃度調整手段を有することを特徴とする。 ［作　用］ 本発明では、バリヤ・ストライブを電子式に発生させる
と共に、発生したバリヤ・ストライブの形状（ストライ
ブ数１幅１間隔）や位置（位相）、濃度などを自由に可
変制御できるようにしたので、２次元画像表示装置とし
ても、また３次元画像表示装置としても使用することが
でき、両立性のある画像表示装置を実現することができ
る。 ［実施例］ 以下、図面を参照して本発明の実施例を詳細に説明する
。 第１図は、本発明実施例による電子式パララックス・バ
リヤを用いた３次元画像表示装置の基本構成を示す。 前述の第２図、および第３図に示したと同様に、パララ
ックス・バリヤ方式の本例では、２方向または多方向か
ら撮像した連続画像を縦のスリット像として画像表示装
置の画像表示面ｌＯに表示する。この場合、この画像表
示装置としては、液晶、プラズマ、ＥＬ（エレクトロル
ミネッセンス）、蛍光表示管等を用いた平面型デイスプ
レィが好適であるが、後述するようにＣＦＩＴ　　（陰
極線管）やプロジェクション・スクリーンのように曲面
状のデイスプレィでも適用できる。また、上記画像表示
面１０から一定距＠Ｄだけ間隔をあけるために、厚さＤ
の透明なガラス又はアクリル板のスペーサ１１を画像表
示面１０の表側に密着して配置する。さらに、そのスペ
ーサ１１の手前側（観察側）に電子式パララックス・バ
リヤ１２を密着して配置する。 この電子式パララックス・バリヤ１２は、例えば、透過
形液晶表示素子などを用いて、そのＸＹアドレスをマイ
クロコンピュータ１３等の制御手段により指定すること
により、バリヤ面上の任意の位置に任意の形状（バリヤ
・ストライブの数１幅。 開口比）のバリヤ・ストライブを形成することができる
ものである。 また、このパララックス・バリヤ１２に縦縞状のバリヤ
・ストライブを発生させるのは、３次元画像表示の場合
であって、２次元画像表示の際には、マイクロコンピュ
ータ１３はそのバリヤ・ストライブの発生を停止し、画
像表示領域の全域にわたって無色透明な状態となるよう
にパララックス・バリヤ１２を駆動制御する。これによ
って、本装置は、２次元画像表示装置としても使用する
ことができる。 特に、第１図において、画像表示面１０と電子式パララ
ックス・バリヤ１２との間隔りは、となるようにする。 ここで、Ｅは両眼間隔距１ｉｔ（約６．５ｃｍ）　、　
　Ｉは画像表示面１０上での各画像間の中心距離、Ｃは
視距離である（第２図参照）。 一方、バリヤ１２に発生させる電子バリヤ・ストライブ
の開口幅Ｂは次式（２）により定める。 一方、第２図、第３図において、観察者の視点の位置（
０）は、実際には第４図に示すように、有限の拡がり（
大きさＯ゛）をもつため、実際の電子式バリヤの開口幅
Ｂ゛は次式（３）のように修正する。 また、ステレオダラム表示面１０の実際の画素間隔Ｉ°
も、次式（４）のように修正する。 Ｂ。 １’＝１−（）・０“　　　　　（４）−Ｄ 第５図は、本発明実施例の電子式バリヤ１２を用いた背
面投写形３次元画像表示装置の構成例を示す。ビデオプ
ロジェクタ２０によって左右画像が交互に縦縞状に配列
された多方向画像２１をリアスクリーン２２上に投写し
、リアスクリーン２２から一定距＠Ｄだけ離れた位置に
、第１図に示すのと同様の電子式バリヤ１２を配置する
。第５図において電子式バリヤ１２のバリヤ・ストライ
ブを開口比１７Ｎ（Ｎは整数）にし、この開口比に対応
させて、多方向画像２１をリアスクリーン２２上に投写
すれば、パララックス・パノラマダラムが実現できる。 第６図は、本発明実施例の電子式バリヤ１２を用いた前
面投写形３次元画像表示装置の構成例を示す。本例では
、複数のビデオプロジェクタからなるビデオプロジェク
タ群３０によって、多方向から白色スクリーン３２上に
画像を投写し、このスクリーン３２上に写った画像を電
子式バリヤ１２のスリット・アパーチャを通して観察す
るものである。 第７図　（＾）〜（Ｆ）は、それぞれ本発明実施例の電
子式バリヤ１２の種々の構成例を示したものである。第
７図には、２視点用（パララックス・ステレオダラム）
と多視点用（パララックス・パノラマグラム）、さらに
電子バリヤのピッチが可変の例、および電子式バリヤが
平板でなく、凸又は凹面状の例などが示さねている。 第８図は、透過形液晶パネルを用いた本発明実施例の電
子式バリヤ１２の構成例の詳細を示す。第８図に示すよ
うに、電子式バリヤ１２は手前側（観察側）から見て、
上側偏光板１２１．上側ガラス基板１２２．共通電極！
２３．スペーサ！２４と液晶層（ＴＮ）１２５、画素電
極（ＴＦＴ列）１２ｆｉ、下側ガラス基板１２７および
下側偏光板１２８を順次積重ねて構成されたもので、上
記両電極間１２８，１２３間に選択的に電圧を印加する
ことにより任意の形状のバリヤ・ストライブを液晶層１
２５に発生することができる。この電圧印加制御は、例
えば、第１図に示すようにマイクロコンピュータ１３．
コントローラ１４．ｘドライバ１５およびＹドライバ１
６からなる電子回路にて得ることができる。 第９図は、液晶パネルデイスプレィと電子式バリヤ発生
部とを一体型にした本発明実施例の３次元画像表示装置
の構成例を示す。この場合、液晶パネルデイスプレィ１
００と電子式バリヤ１２を同様な構成とすることができ
る。 第１θ図は、本発明の他の実施例の構成を示すもので、
プラズマデイスプレィ２００と電子式バリヤ１２を一体
型にした３次元画像表示装置の一例である。このプラズ
マデイスプレィ２００は、背面ガラス２０１上の絶縁層
２０２上に複数のバリアリブ２０３が一定方向に形成さ
れ、さらに絶縁層２０２上にカソード電極２０４とトリ
ガ電８ｉ２０５が交互にバリアリブ２０３と直焚する方
向に形成され、またバリアリブ２０３上にアノード電極
２０６がそれぞれ形成されて構成されたものである。 第１１図は、第１Ｏ図の３次元画像表示装置の具体的な
回路構成例を示す。 ＴＶカメラやＶＴＲから出力された画像人力信号はミキ
サ回路４１でデジタル信号に変換され、信号変換専用回
路（ＬＳＩ）４２で４ビット階調のデータとなり、タイ
ミングコントローラ４３に送出される。タイミングコン
トローラ４３はこのデータに応じてパルス幅変調回路４
４．カソードドライバ４５．トリガ電極駆動回路４６を
駆動制御する。パルス幅変調回路４４により、アノード
ドライバ４７を介してアノード電極２０６を駆動し、カ
ソードドライバ４５によりカソード電極２θ４を駆動し
、トリガ電極駆動回路４６によりトリガ電極２０５を駆
動することにより、画像人力信号に応じた画像が表示さ
れる。 この他、本発明の電子式バリヤ１２はＥＬ、蛍光表示管
、　ＣＲＴなどの他のデイスプレィ装置と組み合わせて
、３次元画像表示装置を構成することができる。 第１２図は、本発明実施例の２眼式のパララックス・ス
テレオグラムにおいて立体視可能な観察視域を拡大する
手段の一例を示す。 前述の第２図に示すように、２眼弐のパララックス・ス
テレオグラムにおいては、観察者の見る位置が瞳孔間隔
だけ移動すると左右の眼２ａ、２ｂに入る画像が逆転し
、正しい立体像とはならず、いわゆる逆視の状態になる
。このため、２眼式バララックス・ステレオグラムでは
、立体視できる観察位置が狭い範囲に限定されることと
なる。 そこで、本実施例の２眼式バララックス・ステレオグラ
ムにおいては、第１２図に示すように、観察者の頭部位
置を赤外線などを利用した検出回路５１により検出し、
この検出した信号に基づいて、頭部位置が瞳孔間隔（約
６．５ｃｍ）だけ左右方向に移動する毎に、頭の移動に
同期させて電子式パララックス・バリヤ１２の位置（位
相）を位相反転器５２によりシフトさせる位相反転制御
を行なう。 従って、本例によれば、正常に立体視できる観察範囲を
拡大することができる。 ところで、本発明の電子式パララックス・バリヤ方式の
３次元画像表示装置では、バリヤ・ストライブを透過形
液晶パネルなどで実現できることから、バリヤ・ストラ
イブを白黒の２値階調表示のほかに、Ｎ階調（Ｎ２２）
の表示モードでバリヤ・ストライブを発生させることが
できる。これにより、バリヤ・ストライブによる光量損
失を軽減させることができる。この場合、左右画像の分
離が十分できるだけの濃度（コントラスト）をもつバリ
ヤ・ストライブにしておく。 ［発明の効果］ 以上説明したように、発明によれば、バリヤ・ストライ
ブを電子式に発生させると共に、発生したバリヤ・スト
ライブの形状（ストライブ数。 幅９間隔）や位置（位相）、濃度などを自由に可変制御
できるようにしたので、２次元画像表示装置としても、
また３次元画像表示装置としても使用することができ、
両立性のある画像表示装置を実現することができる。 また、本発明によれば、パララックス・バリヤの形状を
電子式に可変できるので、−台のデイスプレィで２眼式
のみならず多眼式の立体画像表示装置）して使用するこ
とができる。さらに、本発明において、バリヤを平面状
ばかりでなく、曲面状にも構成することにより、ＣＲＴ
等の曲面状のデイスプレィにも適用できる。 さらに、本発明は観察者の頭部位置を検出し、その検出
信号によフて電子バリヤの位置（位相）を、瞳孔間隔の
距離だけ頭部が左右方向に移動する毎に位相反転（バリ
ヤと透過部の位置関係を逆転）させることにより、２眼
式パララックス・ステレオグラムでの逆視現象を解決し
、立体視可能な観察範囲を拡げることができる。 以上のような効果及び利点のある本発明装置は、コンピ
ュータ端末用や産業用、医学用、放送用などの幅広い分
野での３次元画像表示装置として役立つものである。Conventionally, a varalax barrier method has been proposed as a method for displaying stereoscopic images or three-dimensional images without using glasses. As shown in the principle diagram in Fig. 2, this balarax barrier method is based on the principle that the observer's left and right eyes 2a and 2b are placed at a predetermined distance behind an extremely thin vertical striped aperture slit la. Must-see image 3
A and 3b are printed alternately in vertical stripes on the stereogram display surface 10 (or printed on a photographic film) to provide a three-dimensional display. A plate with multiple aperture slits la like this can be used as a balax.
It is called Parallax barrier 1. FIG. 2 shows the principle of stereoscopic viewing of the left and right images 3b and 3a through this parallax barrier 1, and this configuration is generally called a parallax stereogram. However, the information contained in this balarax stereogram is only for the left and right eyes, or twice as much as a flat image. Furthermore, the movement of viewpoints cannot be said to be free. Therefore, in 1918, in order to eliminate these drawbacks, C.
A continuous three-dimensional image display method named parallax panorama dalam was proposed by Anol T. In this method, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, in a parallax stereogram, the aperture ratio of the aperture la of the parallax barrier 1 is set to 1/1, for example.
Lower it to about 6~l/10, and instead set the image display surface to 10
The system arranges consecutive images taken from multiple directions. At this time, continuous three-dimensional images with a directional resolution number of 6 to 10 are obtained. On the other hand, in addition to the parallax barrier method mentioned above, 3D image display methods that do not require glasses include the lenticular method,
Although there are several methods such as a varifocal mirror method, an integral photography method, and a holography method, explanations of these methods will be omitted since they are not directly related to the present invention. [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In conventional parallax barrier type three-dimensional image display devices, a barrier is usually made of a film or the like, and a multidirectional continuous image displayed behind the barrier is observed through the barrier. is configured to do so. For this reason, in such a conventional device, when a normal two-dimensional image is displayed, the parallax barrier becomes an obstacle and the two-dimensional image cannot be viewed. That is, there is a problem in that the conventional parallax barrier type three-dimensional image display device is not compatible with the two-dimensional image display device. On the other hand, computer graphics and CAD/CAM
2. Description of the Related Art In display devices used in workstations and the like, there is a strong desire to display two-dimensional images or three-dimensional images depending on the purpose of use. Also, in future 3D television display devices, 2
It is necessary to be able to display dimensional image programs, and whether or not it is compatible with two-dimensional image display is an extremely important issue. Furthermore, in the conventional parallax barrier type three-dimensional image display device, it is not easy to change the degree, shape and position of the barrier after they have been determined. An object of the present invention is to electronically generate a parallax barrier using a transmissive liquid crystal element or the like in order to solve the problem of stiffness, ), position (phase>, density, etc.) can be electronically variably controlled according to the purpose of use. [Means for solving the problem] Achieving the above object Therefore, the present invention provides barrier generating means for generating parallax barrier stripes by electronic control using a transmissive liquid crystal display element;
A display screen is disposed at a predetermined distance from the barrier stripe generation position, and the image display means is capable of outputting and displaying at least a multidirectional image in which left and right images are alternately arranged on the display screen. Features. Further, in one embodiment of the present invention, when the image display means displays a different two-dimensional image, the barrier generation means stops the generation of the parallax barrier, and the barrier generation surface becomes a colorless and transparent panel. It is characterized by Further, in another embodiment of the present invention, the barrier generating means includes:
The present invention is characterized in that it has a control means that freely and variably controls the width of the parallax barrier stripes, the aperture ratio, the shape including the spacing, and the phase of the generation position in accordance with an instruction input. Another aspect of the present invention includes a detection means for detecting the head position of an observer observing a three-dimensional image, and a detecting means for detecting the position of the head of an observer who observes a three-dimensional image, and detecting the head position of the observer every time the observer moves in the left-right direction by the distance between the pupils, based on the detection signal of the detection means. and barrier inversion means for inverting the phase of the parallax barrier stripes of the barrier generation means. Another aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the parallax barrier stripe generating surface of the barrier generating means is formed in a flat or curved shape. Further, in another embodiment of the present invention, the barrier generating means includes:
The present invention is characterized in that it includes a density adjustment means for variably controlling the density of the parallax barrier stripes. [Function] In the present invention, barrier stripes are generated electronically, and the shape (number of stripes: 1 width: 1 interval), position (phase), density, etc. of the generated barrier stripes can be freely controlled. Therefore, it can be used both as a two-dimensional image display device and a three-dimensional image display device, making it possible to realize a compatible image display device. [Example] Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows the basic configuration of a three-dimensional image display device using an electronic parallax barrier according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 above, in this example of the parallax barrier method, continuous images taken from two or multiple directions are displayed as vertical slit images on the image display surface lO of the image display device. to be displayed. In this case, as the image display device, a flat display using a liquid crystal, plasma, EL (electroluminescence), fluorescent display tube, etc. is suitable, but as will be described later, a CFIT (cathode ray tube) or a projection screen is suitable. It can also be applied to curved displays. In addition, in order to space a constant distance @D from the image display surface 10, a thickness D is provided.
A spacer 11 made of transparent glass or acrylic plate is placed in close contact with the front side of the image display surface 10. Further, an electronic parallax barrier 12 is placed in close contact with the spacer 11 on the front side (viewing side). This electronic parallax barrier 12 uses, for example, a transmissive liquid crystal display element, and by specifying its XY address by a control means such as a microcomputer 13, an arbitrary shape can be formed at an arbitrary position on the barrier surface. It is possible to form a barrier stripe of (1 width of the barrier stripe; aperture ratio). Further, vertical striped barrier stripes are generated on the parallax barrier 12 in the case of three-dimensional image display, and in the case of two-dimensional image display, the microcomputer 13 The parallax barrier 12 is driven and controlled so that the generation of the parallax barrier 12 is stopped and the entire image display area becomes colorless and transparent. Thereby, this device can also be used as a two-dimensional image display device. In particular, in FIG. 1, the distance between the image display surface 10 and the electronic parallax barrier 12 is set to be . Here, E is the interocular distance 1 it (about 6.5 cm),
I is the center distance between each image on the image display surface 10, and C is the viewing distance (see FIG. 2). On the other hand, the opening width B of the electronic barrier stripe generated in the barrier 12 is determined by the following equation (2). On the other hand, in Figures 2 and 3, the position of the observer's viewpoint (
0) is actually a finite spread (
Therefore, the actual opening width B' of the electronic barrier is modified as shown in the following equation (3). In addition, the actual pixel interval I° of the stereo duram display surface 10
is also modified as shown in the following equation (4). B. 1'=1-()・0" (4)-D FIG. A multi-directional image 21 in which left and right images are alternately arranged in vertical stripes is projected onto the rear screen 22, and an electronic barrier similar to that shown in FIG. 12. In FIG. 5, if the barrier strip of the electronic barrier 12 is set to an aperture ratio of 17N (N is an integer) and the multidirectional image 21 is projected onto the rear screen 22 in accordance with this aperture ratio, , a parallax panorama dalum can be realized. FIG. 6 shows an example of the configuration of a front projection type three-dimensional image display device using the electronic barrier 12 according to the embodiment of the present invention. A group of video projectors 30 project images onto a white screen 32 from multiple directions, and the images reflected on the screen 32 are observed through the slit aperture of the electronic barrier 12. - (F) respectively show various configuration examples of the electronic barrier 12 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
and multi-viewpoints (parallax panoramagram), examples in which the pitch of the electronic barrier is variable, and examples in which the electronic barrier is not flat but convex or concave are not shown. FIG. 8 shows details of a configuration example of the electronic barrier 12 according to an embodiment of the present invention using a transmissive liquid crystal panel. As shown in FIG. 8, the electronic barrier 12 is viewed from the front side (observation side).
Upper polarizing plate 121. Upper glass substrate 122. Common electrode!
23. Spacer! 24, a liquid crystal layer (TN) 125, a pixel electrode (TFT row) 12fi, a lower glass substrate 127, and a lower polarizing plate 128 are stacked one after another. By applying a voltage, barrier stripes of any shape can be formed in the liquid crystal layer 1.
25 can occur. This voltage application control is carried out by, for example, a microcomputer 13.1 as shown in FIG.
Controller 14. x driver 15 and y driver 1
It can be obtained with an electronic circuit consisting of 6. FIG. 9 shows an example of the configuration of a three-dimensional image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a liquid crystal panel display and an electronic barrier generating section are integrated. In this case, LCD panel display 1
00 and the electronic barrier 12 can have similar configurations. FIG. 1θ shows the configuration of another embodiment of the present invention,
This is an example of a three-dimensional image display device in which a plasma display 200 and an electronic barrier 12 are integrated. In this plasma display 200, a plurality of barrier ribs 203 are formed in a fixed direction on an insulating layer 202 on a back glass 201, and a cathode electrode 204 and a trigger electrode 8i 205 are alternately fired directly with the barrier ribs 203 on the insulating layer 202. In addition, anode electrodes 206 are formed on barrier ribs 203, respectively. FIG. 11 shows a specific example of the circuit configuration of the three-dimensional image display device shown in FIG. 1O. An image signal output from a TV camera or VTR is converted into a digital signal by a mixer circuit 41, converted into 4-bit gradation data by a signal conversion circuit (LSI) 42, and sent to a timing controller 43. The timing controller 43 adjusts the pulse width modulation circuit 4 according to this data.
4. Cathode driver 45. Drive control of the trigger electrode drive circuit 46. The pulse width modulation circuit 44 drives the anode electrode 206 via the anode driver 47, the cathode driver 45 drives the cathode electrode 2θ4, and the trigger electrode drive circuit 46 drives the trigger electrode 205. The corresponding image will be displayed. In addition, the electronic barrier 12 of the present invention can be combined with other display devices such as EL, fluorescent display, CRT, etc. to configure a three-dimensional image display device. FIG. 12 shows an example of means for enlarging the observation viewing range that allows stereoscopic vision in the twin-lens parallax stereogram according to the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 2 above, in a binocular parallax stereogram, if the observer's viewing position moves by the distance between the pupils, the images entering the left and right eyes 2a and 2b will be reversed, resulting in a correct stereoscopic image. This results in what is called a reverse view. For this reason, in the twin-lens balalax stereogram, the viewing position where stereoscopic viewing is possible is limited to a narrow range. Therefore, in the twin-lens balarax stereogram of this embodiment, as shown in FIG.
Based on this detected signal, the position (phase) of the electronic parallax barrier 12 is adjusted in synchronization with the movement of the head every time the head position moves in the left-right direction by the distance between the pupils (approximately 6.5 cm). The inverter 52 performs phase inversion control for shifting. Therefore, according to this example, it is possible to expand the observation range in which stereoscopic viewing can be performed normally. By the way, in the electronic parallax barrier type three-dimensional image display device of the present invention, since the barrier stripe can be realized with a transmissive liquid crystal panel, etc., the barrier stripe can be used in addition to black and white binary gradation display. , N gradation (N22)
A barrier strike can be generated in the display mode. This makes it possible to reduce light loss due to barrier stripes. In this case, the barrier stripe should have enough density (contrast) to separate the left and right images. [Effects of the Invention] As explained above, according to the invention, barrier stripes are generated electronically, and the shape (number of stripes; width 9 intervals) and position (phase) of the generated barrier stripes can be changed. , density, etc. can be freely controlled, so it can also be used as a two-dimensional image display device.
It can also be used as a three-dimensional image display device.
A compatible image display device can be realized. Furthermore, according to the present invention, the shape of the parallax barrier can be changed electronically, so that it can be used as not only a two-lens display but also a multi-lens stereoscopic image display device. Furthermore, in the present invention, by configuring the barrier not only in a planar shape but also in a curved shape, the CRT
It can also be applied to curved displays such as Furthermore, the present invention detects the position of the observer's head, and uses the detection signal to change the position (phase) of the electronic barrier so that the phase of the electronic barrier is inverted (the barrier By reversing the positional relationship of the transmissive part (with the positional relationship of the transmitting part), it is possible to solve the reverse vision phenomenon in a binocular parallax stereogram and expand the observation range in which stereoscopic vision is possible. The device of the present invention, which has the above-mentioned effects and advantages, is useful as a three-dimensional image display device in a wide range of fields such as computer terminals, industry, medicine, and broadcasting.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第１図は、本発明実施例の電子式パララックス・バリヤ
を用いた３次元画像表示装置の基本構成を示す斜視図、 第２図は、パララックス・ステレオグラムの原理を示す
平面図、 第３図は、パララックス・パノラマダラムの原理を示す
平面図、 第４図は、本発明実施例のパララックス・バリヤ及びス
テレオグラムの画素間隔の補正を示す平面図、 第５図は、本発明実施例の電子式バリヤを用いた背面投
写形３次元画像表示装置の構成例を示す平面図、 第６図は、本発明実施例の電子式バリヤを用いた全面投
写形３次元画像表示装置の構成例を示す平面図、 第７図は、本発明実施例の電子゛式バララックス・バリ
ヤの構成例を示す斜視図、 第８図は、本発明実施例の電子式バリヤの構成例を詳細
に示す断面図、 第９図は、本発明実施例の液晶パネルデイスプレィと電
子式バリヤによる３次元画像表示装置の構成例を示す断
面図、 第１０図は、本発明実施例のプラズマデイスプレィと電
子式バリヤによる３次元画像表示装置の構成例を示す分
解斜視図、 第１１図は、本発明実施例の電子式パララックス・バリ
ヤを用いた３次元画像表示装置の回路構成例を示すブロ
ック図、 第１２図は、本発明実施例のパララックス・ステ槙 レオグラムの観察視域の拡大手段を示す構成国である。 １０・・・画像表示面、 １１・・・スペーサ、 １２・・・電子式パララックス・バリヤ、１３・・・マ
イクロコンピュータ、 １４・・・コントローラ、 １５．１６・・・ドライバ、 ２０・・・ビデオプロジェクタ、 ２２・・・リアスクリーン、 ３０・・・ビデオプロジェッタ群、 ３２・・・白色スクリーン、 ５１・・・頭部位置検出回路、 ５２・・・電子バリヤの位相反転器、 １００・・・液晶パネルデイスプレィ、２００・・・プ
ラズマデイスプレィ。FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the basic configuration of a three-dimensional image display device using an electronic parallax barrier according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the principle of parallax stereogram. FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the principle of parallax panorama darlam; FIG. 4 is a plan view showing correction of the parallax barrier and stereogram pixel spacing according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a configuration example of a rear projection type three-dimensional image display device using an electronic barrier according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a plan view showing a configuration example of an electronic balax barrier according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 8 is a detailed diagram illustrating a configuration example of an electronic barrier according to an embodiment of the present invention. 9 is a sectional view showing a configuration example of a three-dimensional image display device using a liquid crystal panel display and an electronic barrier according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing a plasma display according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing an example of the circuit configuration of a three-dimensional image display device using an electronic parallax barrier according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a means for enlarging the observation field of view of a parallax stoma rheogram according to an embodiment of the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10... Image display surface, 11... Spacer, 12... Electronic parallax barrier, 13... Microcomputer, 14... Controller, 15.16... Driver, 20... Video projector, 22... Rear screen, 30... Video projector group, 32... White screen, 51... Head position detection circuit, 52... Electronic barrier phase inverter, 100...・Liquid crystal panel display, 200...Plasma display.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 １）透過形液晶表示素子を用いてパララックス・バリヤ
・ストライプを電子制御により発生するバリヤ発生手段
と、 前記パララックス・バリヤ・ストライプの発生位置から
所定距離を離して表示画面が配設されて、左右画像が少
なくとも交互に配列された多方向画像を該表示画面に出
力表示可能な画像表示手段と を具備したことを特徴とする３次元画像表示装置。 ２）前記バリヤ発生手段は、前記画像表示手段が異なる
２次元画像を表示する際には、前記パララックス・バリ
ヤの発生を停止してバリヤ発生面が無色透明のパネルと
なることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の３次元画像表示
装置。 ３）前記バリヤ発生手段は、前記パララックス・バリヤ
・ストライプの数、幅、開口比および間隔を含む該形状
や発生位置の位相を指示入力に応じて自在に可変制御す
る制御手段を有することを特徴とする請求項１または２
に記載の３次元画像表示装置。 ４）３次元画像を観察する観察者の頭部位置を検出する
検出手段と、 該検出手段の検出信号に基づいて、該観察者が左右方向
に瞳孔間隔だけ移動する毎に前記バリヤ発生手段の前記
パララックス・バリヤ・ストライプの位相を反転させる
バリヤ反転手段と を有することを特徴とする請求項１ないし３に記載の３
次元画像表示装置。 ５）前記バリヤ発生手段の前記パララックス・バリヤ・
ストライプの発生面は平面状または曲面状に形成されて
いることを特徴とする請求項１ないし４に記載の３次元
画像表示装置。 ６）前記バリヤ発生手段は、前記パララックス・バリヤ
・ストライプの濃度を可変制御する濃度調整手段を有す
ることを特徴とする請求項１ないし５に記載の３次元画
像表示装置。[Scope of Claims] 1) Barrier generating means for generating parallax barrier stripes by electronic control using a transmissive liquid crystal display element, and displaying the parallax barrier stripes at a predetermined distance from the generation position of the parallax barrier stripes. 1. A three-dimensional image display device, comprising: an image display means which is provided with a screen and is capable of outputting and displaying a multi-directional image in which left and right images are arranged at least alternately on the display screen. 2) The barrier generation means is characterized in that when the image display means displays a different two-dimensional image, the generation of the parallax barrier is stopped and the barrier generation surface becomes a colorless and transparent panel. The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 1. 3) The barrier generating means has a control means for freely controlling the number, width, aperture ratio, spacing, and phase of the generation position of the parallax barrier stripes in response to an instruction input. Claim 1 or 2 characterized by
The three-dimensional image display device according to. 4) detection means for detecting the head position of an observer observing a three-dimensional image; and based on the detection signal of the detection means, the barrier generation means is activated every time the observer moves in the left-right direction by the distance between the pupils. and barrier inversion means for inverting the phase of the parallax barrier stripe.
Dimensional image display device. 5) The parallax barrier of the barrier generating means
5. The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 1, wherein the stripe generation surface is formed in a flat or curved shape. 6) The three-dimensional image display device according to claim 1, wherein the barrier generating means includes a density adjusting means for variably controlling the density of the parallax barrier stripe.
JP1255249A 1989-10-02 1989-10-02 Three-dimensional image display apparatus and method Expired - Fee Related JP2857429B2 (en)

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JP1255249A JP2857429B2 (en) 1989-10-02 1989-10-02 Three-dimensional image display apparatus and method

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1255249A JP2857429B2 (en) 1989-10-02 1989-10-02 Three-dimensional image display apparatus and method

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Publication Number Publication Date
JPH03119889A true JPH03119889A (en) 1991-05-22
JP2857429B2 JP2857429B2 (en) 1999-02-17

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JPH06225344A (en) * 1992-10-14 1994-08-12 Tomohiko Hattori Time division head tracking type stereoscopic television
JPH0792936A (en) * 1993-09-24 1995-04-07 Fujitsu Ltd Display device for stereoscopic video and photographic recorder
JPH0876058A (en) * 1994-06-30 1996-03-22 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Optical shutter and three-dimensional image display device
EP0822441A2 (en) * 1996-08-01 1998-02-04 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Optical device and directional display
GB2317710A (en) * 1996-09-27 1998-04-01 Sharp Kk Spatial light modulator and directional display
JPH10221646A (en) * 1997-02-10 1998-08-21 Canon Inc Stereoscopic picture display device
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