JPH03109069A - Fumigating sterilization - Google Patents
Fumigating sterilizationInfo
- Publication number
- JPH03109069A JPH03109069A JP1245058A JP24505889A JPH03109069A JP H03109069 A JPH03109069 A JP H03109069A JP 1245058 A JP1245058 A JP 1245058A JP 24505889 A JP24505889 A JP 24505889A JP H03109069 A JPH03109069 A JP H03109069A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- formaldehyde
- quicklime
- gas
- generation
- formaldehyde gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 168
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003958 fumigation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000008098 formaldehyde solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 8
- ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Ca+2].Cl[O-].Cl[O-] ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000255789 Bombyx mori Species 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、燻蒸消毒法に係り、さらに詳しくは、ホルム
アルデヒド水溶液から燻蒸消毒に要するホルムアルデヒ
ドガスを発生させる方法に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a fumigation disinfection method, and more particularly to a method for generating formaldehyde gas required for fumigation disinfection from an aqueous formaldehyde solution.
本発明に係るホルムアルデヒドガスによる燻蒸消毒法は
、病室、畜舎、鶏舎、蚕室、農園芸用温室等や被覆、毛
布、羽毛、皮革、各種衛生器具等の消毒に使用される。The fumigation disinfection method using formaldehyde gas according to the present invention is used to disinfect hospital rooms, livestock houses, poultry houses, silkworm rooms, agricultural and horticultural greenhouses, coverings, blankets, feathers, leather, various sanitary utensils, etc.
ホルムアルデヒドによる消毒法として、ホルムアルデヒ
ド水溶液（ホルマリン）散布する方法、ホルムアルデヒ
ド水溶液を加熱してホルムアルデヒドガスを発生させ燻
蒸消毒する方法等が、前記分野等において従来から広く
採用されている。As disinfection methods using formaldehyde, a method of spraying an aqueous formaldehyde solution (formalin), a method of heating an aqueous formaldehyde solution to generate formaldehyde gas, and performing fumigation disinfection have been widely adopted in the above-mentioned fields.
ホルムアルデヒド水溶液を加熱してホルムアルデヒドガ
スを発生させる方法として、ホルムアルデヒド水溶液に
過マンガン酸カリを加え、過マンガン酸カリとホルムア
ルデヒドとの酸化還元反応による発熱を利用する方法が
、従来から一般的に採用されている。A commonly used method for heating an aqueous formaldehyde solution to generate formaldehyde gas is to add potassium permanganate to the aqueous formaldehyde solution and utilize the heat generated by the redox reaction between the potassium permanganate and formaldehyde. ing.
また酸化剤として、過マンガン酸カリに代えてさらし粉
を用いる方法が提案され（特公昭６３−０２３１６１号
公報参照）、本願出願人もアルカリ金属またはアルカリ
土類金属の水酸化物５重量％以上を含有するさらし粉の
塊状物を使用する方法を提案した（特願昭６３−１５８
３９５号公報参照）〔発明が解決しようとする問題点〕
従来から採用されているホルムアルデヒド水溶液に過マ
ンガン酸カリを加える方法においては、ホルムアルデヒ
ド水溶液に過マンガン酸カリを加えると直ちにホルムア
ルデヒドガスが発生し、病室等の密閉空間の燻蒸を行う
場合、作業者がホルムアルデヒドガスを吸入し危険であ
るばかりでなく、使用後の有害なマンガンの処理も必要
となる。In addition, a method of using bleaching powder instead of potassium permanganate as an oxidizing agent has been proposed (see Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-023161), and the applicant of the present application also added 5% by weight or more of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide. proposed a method of using blocks of bleaching powder containing
(See Publication No. 395) [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In the conventional method of adding potassium permanganate to an aqueous formaldehyde solution, formaldehyde gas is immediately generated when potassium permanganate is added to an aqueous formaldehyde solution. When fumigating a closed space such as a hospital room, not only is it dangerous for workers to inhale formaldehyde gas, but it is also necessary to dispose of harmful manganese after use.
またさらし粉を用いる方法においても、過マンガン酸カ
リと同様に急激に反応が開始するため、ホルムアルデヒ
ドガスを吸引する危険性は同様であり、また副反応によ
り塩素ガスが発生し、さらには塩化水素となるため金属
類を著しく腐蝕する。In addition, in the method using bleached powder, the reaction starts rapidly like with potassium permanganate, so there is a similar risk of inhaling formaldehyde gas, and side reactions generate chlorine gas, and even hydrogen chloride. It corrodes metals significantly.
本願出願人の提案した金属水酸化物を含有する塊状さら
し粉を用いた場合には、初期反応を数分間遅らせ、塩素
ガスの副生を減少させることができるが、塩素ガスの副
生を完全にゼロにすることはできず、金属類の腐蝕を防
止することはできなかった。When the bulk bleaching powder containing metal hydroxide proposed by the present applicant is used, the initial reaction can be delayed for several minutes and the by-product of chlorine gas can be reduced, but the by-product of chlorine gas can be completely suppressed. It was not possible to reduce the amount to zero, and it was not possible to prevent corrosion of metals.
本発明は、塩素ガスの発生が全くなく、かつホルムアル
デヒドガスの初期発生を抑制したホルムアルデヒドガス
による燻蒸方法を提供することをその目的とする。An object of the present invention is to provide a fumigation method using formaldehyde gas that does not generate any chlorine gas and suppresses the initial generation of formaldehyde gas.
本発明者等は、前記目的を達成すべく鋭意研究した結果
、ホルムアルデヒド水溶液と生石灰とを接触させること
により有効量のホルムアルデヒドガスが発生すること、
および生石灰の粒子径を制限することによりホルムアル
デヒドガスの発生開始時間を制御できることを見出し、
本発明を完成した。As a result of intensive research to achieve the above object, the present inventors have discovered that an effective amount of formaldehyde gas is generated by bringing an aqueous formaldehyde solution into contact with quicklime.
They also discovered that by limiting the particle size of quicklime, it was possible to control the time at which formaldehyde gas began to be generated.
The invention has been completed.
本発明は、ホルムアルデヒド水溶液と３．５〜１００メ
ツシュの塊粒状生石灰とを接触させてホルムアルデヒド
ガスを発生させることを特徴とする燻蒸消毒法である。The present invention is a fumigation disinfection method characterized by bringing a formaldehyde aqueous solution into contact with 3.5 to 100 mesh chunks of quicklime to generate formaldehyde gas.
本発明において、ホルムアルデヒド水溶液として、ホル
ムアルデヒド３５〜３８重量％および重合防止のための
メタノール１０〜１５重量％を含有する、−ｍにホルマ
リンとして市販されているものが使用される。In the present invention, a formaldehyde aqueous solution containing 35 to 38% by weight of formaldehyde and 10 to 15% by weight of methanol for preventing polymerization, which is commercially available as formalin, is used.
生石灰として、石灰石、ドロマイト系、貝殻系等の原石
を焼成して得られる酸化カルシウムを主成分とする塊粒
状の生石灰が使用される。好ましくは粉砕あるいは粉状
体を成形して３．５〜１００メツシエに整粒した塊粒状
生石灰を使用する。As the quicklime, lump-like quicklime containing calcium oxide as a main component obtained by firing raw stones such as limestone, dolomite, and shell stones is used. It is preferable to use lump and granular quicklime that has been pulverized or formed into a powder and sized to a size of 3.5 to 100 mesh.
ホルムアルデヒド水溶液と塊粒状生石灰との接触は、従
来の燻蒸消毒法において過マンガン酸カリやさらし粉と
ホルムアルデヒド水溶液とを接触させる方法に準じて行
うことができる。たとえば所定量の生石灰を入れたホル
ムアルデヒドガス発生容器に、所定量のホルムアルデヒ
ド水溶液を注入する方法が採用される。ホルムアルデヒ
ドガスは、通常ホルムアルデヒド水溶液注入後２０〜３
０秒で発生し始め、２〜６分間発生が持続する。The contact between the aqueous formaldehyde solution and the quicklime lumps and granules can be carried out in accordance with the method of bringing potassium permanganate or bleaching powder into contact with the aqueous formaldehyde solution in the conventional fumigation disinfection method. For example, a method is adopted in which a predetermined amount of formaldehyde aqueous solution is injected into a formaldehyde gas generating container containing a predetermined amount of quicklime. Formaldehyde gas is usually used for 20 to 3 hours after injection of formaldehyde aqueous solution.
It begins to occur at 0 seconds and continues to occur for 2-6 minutes.
ホルムアルデヒドガスの発生は、生石灰の粒子径が大き
いほど開始時間が遅れ、持続時間が長くなる。The larger the particle size of quicklime, the longer the generation of formaldehyde gas will be delayed and the duration will be longer.
ホルムアルデヒド水溶液と塊粒状生石灰との使用量比は
、ホルムアルデヒド水溶液ｌＩｌに対し生石灰８００〜
１．２００ｇ、好ましくは９００〜１゜０００ｇである
。The usage ratio of the formaldehyde aqueous solution and the lump and granular quicklime is 800 ~
1.200 g, preferably 900 to 1.000 g.
燻蒸消毒は、被消毒室内または被消毒物を収容した空間
内において、前記方法等によりホルムアルデヒドガスを
発生させることにより行う。Fumigation disinfection is performed by generating formaldehyde gas in the room to be disinfected or in the space containing the object to be disinfected using the method described above.
本発明の燻蒸消毒法は、前記したようにホルムアルデヒ
ド水溶液からホルムアルデヒドガスを発生させるにあた
り、塊粒状の生石灰を使用することを特徴とする。The fumigation disinfection method of the present invention is characterized in that quicklime in the form of lumps and granules is used to generate formaldehyde gas from an aqueous formaldehyde solution as described above.
本発明においては、ホルムアルデヒド水溶液からホルム
アルデヒドガスを発生させるにあたり、従来の酸化剤と
ホルムアルデヒドとの酸化還元反応による反応熱に代え
て、生石灰の水和熱を利用する。In the present invention, when generating formaldehyde gas from an aqueous formaldehyde solution, the heat of hydration of quicklime is used instead of the reaction heat caused by the conventional redox reaction between an oxidizing agent and formaldehyde.
したがって、ホルムアルデヒドガスの発生は緩やかとな
り、従来法に比較して発生開始時間は遅くなり、かつ発
生持続時間は延長される。この間の反応温度は、９５〜
１００℃である。Therefore, the generation of formaldehyde gas is gradual, the generation start time is delayed, and the generation duration is extended compared to the conventional method. The reaction temperature during this time was 95~
The temperature is 100°C.
本発明を、実施例および一比較例によりさらに詳細に説
明する。The present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples and a Comparative Example.
ただし、本発明の範囲は、以下の実施例により何等の制
限を受けるものではない。However, the scope of the present invention is not limited in any way by the following examples.
ｉｌｌ 試料の調製
生石灰を粉砕、篩別し下記粒度別に試料Ａ−１〜Ａ−３
を調製した。ill Preparation of samples Grind and sieve quicklime and prepare samples A-1 to A-3 according to the particle size below.
was prepared.
試料Ａ−１： ３．５〜 ７ｍａｓｈ試料Ａ−２：
２０〜４０ｍｅｓｈ試料Ａ−３試料 ７〜１
００ｍｅｓｈまた比較として、下記試料を調製した。Sample A-1: 3.5-7mash Sample A-2:
20-40 mesh sample A-3 sample 7-1
00mesh Also, for comparison, the following sample was prepared.
試料Ｃ−１：有効塩素量７２％の塊状さらし粉粒度ｔｏ
〜１００ｍｅｓｈ
試料Ｃ−２＝有効塩素量７２％のさらし粉９５重量部と
水酸化カルシウム５重量
部との混合物を成形した塊状さら
し粉
粒度 ５〜１０ｍｍ
（ｅ）
ガス発生容器内ホルムアルデヒド
水溶液最高温度
： ℃
（２） ホルムアルデヒドガス発生試験内容積１．６
８ ｎ（の密閉された消毒室（木製、内部塗装）の床中
心に、前記第（１）項で調製した塊粒状生石灰：試料Ａ
−１−Ａ−３および塊状さらし粉：比較資料Ｃ−１なら
びにＣ−２について、それぞれの所定量を入れた５ ０
０ｍｊ！のガラス製ガス発生容器を置き、３７％ホルム
アルデヒド水溶液（市販ホルマリン＞７０ｍｊ！を注入
し、下記項目について測定した。Sample C-1: Massive bleached powder particle size to with effective chlorine amount of 72%
~100mesh Sample C-2 = Blocked bleached powder formed from a mixture of 95 parts by weight of bleached powder with an available chlorine content of 72% and 5 parts by weight of calcium hydroxide Particle size: 5 to 10 mm (e) Maximum temperature of formaldehyde aqueous solution in gas generation container: °C ( 2) Formaldehyde gas generation test internal volume 1.6
In the center of the floor of the sealed sterilization room (wooden, internally painted) of 8n, lump granular quicklime prepared in the above paragraph (1): Sample A
-1-A-3 and bulk bleaching powder: For comparison materials C-1 and C-2, 50
0mj! A 37% formaldehyde aqueous solution (commercially available formalin >70 mj!) was placed in the container, and the following items were measured.
測定結果を、第１表に示す。The measurement results are shown in Table 1.
ｔａ） ホルムアルデヒドガス最高到達濃度：ｐｐｍ
（ｂ） ホルムアルデヒドガス発生開始時間：秒（肉
眼観察）
ＩｃＩ ホルムアルデヒドガス発生開始時間二分（肉
眼観察）
＋ｄｉ 塩素ガス最高到達濃度 ：ｐｐｍ
第１表に示したように、比較例１においては、極めて短
時間でホルムアルデヒドガスの発生が開始し、また発生
も短時間で終了するのに対し、実施例においては、発生
開始時間が遅く、かつ発生が長時間持続する。一方、比
較例２においては、実施例と同程度にホルムアルデヒド
ガスの発生開始時間が遅延されるが、塩素ガスの発生は
抑制されない。ta) Formaldehyde gas maximum concentration: ppm
(b) Formaldehyde gas generation start time: seconds (naked eye observation) IcI Formaldehyde gas generation start time 2 minutes (naked eye observation) +di Maximum concentration of chlorine gas: ppm
As shown in Table 1, in Comparative Example 1, the generation of formaldehyde gas started in an extremely short time and also ended in a short time, whereas in the example, the generation started time was late, and the outbreak persists for a long time. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 2, although the start time of formaldehyde gas generation is delayed to the same extent as in the example, the generation of chlorine gas is not suppressed.
本発明においては、前記実施例に示したように、ホルム
アルデヒドガスの発生開始時間が遅延されるため、ガス
発生容器にホルムアルデヒドガス水溶液注入後、十分な
退避時間を確保することができる。またさらし粉を使用
した場合（比較例）のように、さらに危険な塩素ガスの
発生もなく、さらに過マンガン酸カリを使用する場合に
必要な廃液の処理も省略される。In the present invention, as shown in the above embodiment, the start time of formaldehyde gas generation is delayed, so that sufficient evacuation time can be ensured after the formaldehyde gas aqueous solution is injected into the gas generation container. In addition, unlike the case where bleached powder is used (comparative example), no more dangerous chlorine gas is generated, and furthermore, the treatment of waste liquid required when using potassium permanganate is omitted.
本発明は、作業上の安全性の改良されたホルムアルデヒ
ドガスによる燻蒸消毒法を提供するものであり、その産
業上の意義は極めて大きい。The present invention provides a fumigation disinfection method using formaldehyde gas with improved operational safety, and has extremely great industrial significance.
Claims (3)
ュの塊粒状生石灰とを接触させてホルムアルデヒドガス
を発生させることを特徴とする燻蒸消毒法(1) A fumigation disinfection method characterized by bringing a formaldehyde aqueous solution into contact with 3.5 to 100 mesh chunks and granular quicklime to generate formaldehyde gas.
溶液の濃度が、３５〜３８重量％であることを特徴とす
る燻蒸消毒法(2) The fumigation disinfection method according to claim (1), characterized in that the concentration of the formaldehyde aqueous solution is 35 to 38% by weight.
溶液と生石灰との接触比が、ホルムアルデヒド水溶液１
を当たり生石灰８００〜１，２００ｇであることを特徴
とする燻蒸消毒法(3) In claim (1), the contact ratio of the formaldehyde aqueous solution and quicklime is 1
Fumigation disinfection method characterized by using 800 to 1,200 g of quicklime per
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1245058A JPH03109069A (en) | 1989-09-22 | 1989-09-22 | Fumigating sterilization |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1245058A JPH03109069A (en) | 1989-09-22 | 1989-09-22 | Fumigating sterilization |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH03109069A true JPH03109069A (en) | 1991-05-09 |
Family
ID=17127961
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1245058A Pending JPH03109069A (en) | 1989-09-22 | 1989-09-22 | Fumigating sterilization |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH03109069A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104800872A (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2015-07-29 | 石家庄四药有限公司 | Formaldehyde fumigation method and formaldehyde fumigation device |
-
1989
- 1989-09-22 JP JP1245058A patent/JPH03109069A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104800872A (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2015-07-29 | 石家庄四药有限公司 | Formaldehyde fumigation method and formaldehyde fumigation device |
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