JPH0270836A - Control lever device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make each signal output means to be arranged in the transverse and longitudinal directions the same, and to promote mass-productivity, built-up efficiency and reliability by making such a constitution wherein a control signal having the same signal amount is outputted from a signal output means, even if a tilting and rolling amount in the transverse direction and a tilting and rolling amount in the longitudinal direction of a control lever to change over and control a directional selector valve in a hydraulic circuit of a hydraulic shovel and the like are different. CONSTITUTION:Tips 21A and 22A of pushers 21 to be swiveled by a cam 6 are provided to the inside of a lever case 1 so that they are projected from a cover 3, and stoppers 21B and 22B to control an axial displacement are provided. In the case (a) is a distance between arrangement positions of pushers 21 and 21 placed in the transverse direction and (b) is a distance between arrangement positions of pushers 22 and 22 placed in the longitudinal direction, it is so set that the distance (a) is shorter than the distance (b), and that the distance (a) is equal to a distance between arrangement positions of pushers 10 and 10 based on the first existing technology. According to the constitution, position detectors 13 placed in the transverse and longitudinal directions can be the same one.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a control lever device that is installed in a construction machine such as a hydraulic excavator and is suitable for use in switching a directional control valve in a hydraulic circuit.

(Prior Art) Generally speaking, construction machines such as hydraulic excavators are equipped with front control levers for operating cylinders such as the swing motor, boom, arm, and bucket, in addition to operating control levers for traveling in the operator's cab. It is being By operating the front operating lever, the directional control valves, etc. in the hydraulic circuit are switched and controlled, and the swing motor, each front cylinder, etc.
It is designed to drive various hydraulic actuators.

In this case, one front operating lever controls the arm cylinder and the swing motor, and the other front operating lever controls the foot cylinder and packet cylinder.

The operating lever device installed in the driver's cab etc. may be a hydraulic type in which a pressure reducing valve-type hydraulic pilot valve is provided at the lower end of the operating lever and a directional control valve is actuated by the pilot pressure, or a hydraulic type in which a directional control valve is actuated by the pilot pressure. An electric type is known in which a position detector such as a potentiometer is provided and an electromagnetic directional control valve is actuated by a voltage signal from the detector.

Therefore, FIGS. 6 and 7 show an example of an operating lever device equipped with a position detector as a first conventional technique.

In the figure, l indicates a lever case, and the lever case l consists of a bottomed cylindrical case body 2 and a cover 3 covering the upper end side of the case body 2. A pair of brackets 4 are integrally provided on the upper surface side of the cover 3, and an operating lever 5, which will be described later, is rotatably attached to the bracket 4.

Reference numeral 5 designates an operating lever that is located outside the lever case 1 and can be rotated in any direction, front, rear, left or right, and a grip (not shown) is provided on the tip side of the operating lever 5. Reference numeral 6 indicates a cam that is integrally provided on the base end side of the operating lever 5. The lower surface side of the cam 6 is a flat cam surface 6A, and the cam surface 6A has a cam surface that is perpendicular to the bracket 4. A pair of brackets 7 are provided, the brackets 7.7
The fin is a recess 8 that accommodates the tip of the bracket 4. Reference numeral 9 indicates a cross-shaped pin that supports the operating lever 5 so as to be tiltable in any direction forward, backward, left or right, with respect to the lever case 1;
The other bin part 9B is supported by the bracket 7 and supports the operating lever 5 so as to be tiltable in the front-back direction.

to, 10. ...is the tip? A total of 44 pushers 10 are shown inside the lever case 1 so that the BIOA protrudes from the cover 3, and the pushers 10 are arranged at equal distances in the front-back and left-right directions. Then, the pusher lO is moved to the tip end 1 by the cam 6 swinging.
0A is pushed by the cam surface 6A of the cam 6 and is displaced in the axial direction. Further, the pusher 10 has a disk-shaped stopper portion 10B integrally formed on the tip side, and when the stopper portion 10B comes into contact with the upper surface of the cover 3 as shown by the broken line, the end of the stroke is stopped. It is now regulated.

11.11. ... is for each pusher 1 in the lever case L.
Spring seat integrally attached to 0, 12,1
2. . . . represents each spring seat 11 and case body 2.
Each spring 12 constantly urges each pusher 10 upward in the axial direction via each spring seat 11, and the tip portion 10 of each pusher 10
When moving from A to cam 6 or #Itl, each pusher 1
The tip i'flllOA of o is made to protrude to the outside of the cover 3 by a predetermined distance.

13.13. . . . indicates a position detector as a signal output means located below each pusher lO in the axial direction and fixed to the bottom of the case body 2, and each position detector 13 has a A detection rod 13A is provided that extends and retractably extends upward in the axial direction, and the detection rod 13A is pressed against the lower surface of the spring seat 11 with a relatively weak force by a spring (not shown) within the position detector 13. . The position detector 13 includes a stroke sensor (not shown) hg that detects the stroke amount of the detection rod 13A.
is built in, and the detection rod 1 is detected by the displacement of each pusher 10.
A stroke amount of 3 A is converted into a voltage signal, for example, and output to an electromagnetic directional control valve (not shown) in the hydraulic circuit.

The conventional operating lever device configured as described above is installed in the driver's cab of a hydraulic excavator, for example, and the operator moves the operating lever 5 in the direction of arrow A (the rear side in the longitudinal direction).
When the tilt operation is performed.

The pusher IO on the left in FIG. 7 is pushed by the cam surface 6A of the cam 6, and the pusher IO causes the position detector 13
The detection rod 13A is pressed down, and a voltage signal corresponding to the stroke amount of the detection rod 13A is output from the position detector 13 to the electromagnetic directional control valve in the hydraulic circuit. As a result, the directional switching valve is switched by H1 corresponding to the stroke amount of the detection rod 13A, and the pressure oil from the hydraulic pump is supplied to and discharged from a hydraulic actuator such as a swing motor. Furthermore, when the operating lever 5 is tilted in the direction of arrow B (to the right in the left-right direction), it is pushed by the pusher lO on the right side in FIG. A voltage signal corresponding to the stroke of the lot 13A is output, and is supplied to and discharged from a hydraulic actuator such as an arm cylinder.

Incidentally, since the tilting operation of the control lever 5 is performed by the movement of the operator's wrist, 1) From an ergonomic point of view, the operability is poorer in the left-right direction than in the front-back direction even with the same amount of tilting. It is preferable that the amount of tilting in the left-right direction be as small as possible. Furthermore, in view of the installation conditions of the operating lever device in the operator's cab of the construction machine, it may be necessary to set the amount of tilting of the operating lever 5 in the left-right direction smaller than the amount of tilting of the operating lever 5 in the front-rear direction, for example.

However, the first prior art described above has a drawback in that it cannot meet such ergonomic requirements and requirements in terms of installation conditions.

Further, as in the second prior art shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, there is also known an operating lever device in which the cam surface of the cam is an inclined cam surface.

That is, 15 indicates a cam having an inclined cam surface 15A, and 16 indicates a pusher having a spherical tip 16A. The rest is the same as the first prior art.

In the operating lever device having such a configuration, the pusher 16 is displaced in the axial direction by the rocking of the cam 15, so the operating feeling is improved compared to the operating lever device of the first prior art. It is possible to reduce the operating force when rotating the operating lever 5 in the forward direction.

However, like the first conventional technique, this second conventional technique also has the drawback of not being able to satisfy the ergonomic requirements and the requirements in terms of installation conditions.

In consideration of such a request, there is an operating lever device in which the amount of tilting of the operating lever 5 in the left-right direction is smaller than the amount of tilting of the operating lever 5 in the front-back direction.

This will be explained as a third conventional technique based on FIGS. 1O and 11. Note that the same components as in the first prior art shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 described above are given the same reference numerals, and their explanations will be omitted.

In the figure, 17 is attached to the upper surface of the cover 3 at an appropriate height.
A pusher 10 in the left-right direction is disposed through the seat 17. Reference numeral 18 designates a position detector in place of the position detector 13, which is located below the pusher IO in the left and right direction in the axial direction and is fixed to the bottom of the case body 2. The output characteristics will be explained in detail later or are different from the position detector output characteristics of the position detector 13 described above. The rest is the same as the operating lever device of the first prior art described above.

In the operating lever device having such a configuration, the amount of tilting of the operating lever 5 in the front-rear direction is the same as that in the operating lever device of the first prior art, or the amount of tilting of the operating lever 5 in the left-right direction is the same as that in the operating lever device of the first prior art. When the operating lever 5 is tilted, the amount of tilting is regulated at the end of its stroke by contacting the top surface of the stopper portion 10B of the pusher lO with the seat 17. decreases in accordance with the amount of displacement.

(Invention or problem to be solved) Here, the ratio of the position detector output to the full position detector output is expressed as a percentage, and the ratio of the operating lever tilting amount to the operating lever full tilting amount is expressed as a percentage. As shown by the solid line in Fig. 12, the relationship with the analogous displacement amount expressed by , that is, the metering characteristic of the operating lever device, is determined by Also in the direction of , they are equivalent or ideal.

However, in this third prior art, the amount of movement of the 1-position detector (equal to the stroke amount of the detection lot and the amount of displacement of the pusher, the unit is flIll) and the amount of tilting of the operating lever (the unit is degrees) The relationship is as shown in FIG. The position detector movement amount is β
It is. Therefore, a position detector 13 provided in the y-y' force direction
In, the relationship between the output voltage V and the position sensor movement amount,
That is, if the position detector output characteristics are as shown in FIG. 14, and the position detector 18 provided in the x-x' direction has the position detection characteristics as shown in FIG. It is possible to create an operating lever device having the meter link characteristics of the ideal operating lever device as shown in FIG. 12 described above.

However, in this third prior art, y−y
'With a position detector placed in the force direction.

Since the position detectors disposed in the x-x' direction are not the same, there are disadvantages such as a decrease in mass productivity and ease of assembly, and a decrease in reliability due to incorrect assembly.

In order to solve this drawback, in the third prior art, if the same position detectors 13 are arranged in the front-rear direction and the left-right direction, the meter link characteristic of the operating lever device becomes
As shown in the figure, if the y-y' force direction is indicated by the - dotted chain line or the x-x' direction is indicated by the solid line, the specific output is all 100 in the x-x' force direction if the analogous displacement is 01 or more. %, resulting in a disadvantage that the meter link characteristics of the operating lever device deteriorate. Similarly, in the third prior art, if the same position detectors 18 are disposed in the front-rear direction and the left-right direction, the metering characteristics of the operating lever device will change as shown in FIG. y
'Force direction: x-x' direction shown by solid line, different from y-y
In the force direction, it is no longer possible to obtain a specific output of V3 or higher, resulting in a drawback that the metering characteristics of the operating lever device deteriorate.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art.Even if the amount of tilting of the operating lever in the front-rear direction and the amount of tilting in the left-right direction are made different, the signals provided in the front-rear direction and the left-right direction can be used. The output means can be the same,
One object of the present invention is to provide an operating lever device that can improve mass productivity, ease of assembly, and reliability.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The feature of the configuration adopted by the present invention in order to solve the above-mentioned problems is that in the first invention, there are a plurality of The operating lever device 8 has a pusher, and each pusher has a distance between the disposed positions in the front-back direction and a distance between the disposed positions in the left-right direction, and the distance between the disposed positions in the front-back direction and the distance between the disposed positions in the left-right direction are different, and the amount of tilting of the operating lever in the front-back direction and the left-right direction are different. The structure is such that even if the amount of tilting is made different, the signal output means provided on the front, rear, left and right sides output operation signals with the same signal amount.

Further, in the second invention, in the operation lever device having a plurality of pushers whose spherical tip is pushed by an inclined cam surface and displaced in the axial direction, each of the pushers has a distance between the disposed positions in the front-rear direction. The radius of curvature of the spherical tip of the pusher located in the front-rear direction and the spherical tip of the pusher located in the left-right direction of each pusher is determined by the oscillation of the cam. Even if the amount of tilting of the control lever in the front and rear direction and the amount of tilt in the left and right directions are changed according to the distance from the center, the signal output means provided on the front and rear, left and right sides will output the same amount of signal. The reason is that it has a configuration that outputs a signal.

(Function) In the first invention, since the distance between the disposed positions of each pusher in the front-rear direction and the distance between the disposed positions in the left-right direction are different, the amount of tilting of the operating lever in the longitudinal direction Even if the amount of tilt in the left and right directions is different, the amount of output signals from the signal output means arranged in the front and rear direction and the left and right directions is made equal, and as a result, even if the same signal output means are used, it is possible to achieve an ideal result. This is an operating lever device with metering characteristics.

Further, in the second invention, each pusher has a distance between the disposed positions in the front-back direction and a distance between the disposed positions in the left-right direction, and among the pushers, the pusher located in the front-back direction has a spherical shape. The radius of curvature of the spherical tip of the pusher located in the left-right direction changes depending on the distance from the cam's swing center, so the amount of tilting of the control lever in the front-back direction and the left-right direction can be changed. Even if the signal output means disposed in the front-rear direction and left-right direction are different, the output signal amount can be equalized in the signal output means disposed in the front-rear direction and the left-right direction, and even if the same signal output means are used, the operation lever has ideal metering characteristics. It becomes a device.

(Embodiment) An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5.

1 to 3 show a first embodiment of the present invention, and the same components as in the first prior art shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. shall be omitted.

In the figure, 21.21 is in the front-rear direction (y-y
The pushers 21.21, 22.22 are the pushers disposed in the length direction, and 22.degree. 22 are also pushers disposed in the left-right direction (x-x' direction). It is a replacement for the lever 10, and is provided in the lever case 1 so that the tip portions 21A and 22A that are swung by the cam 6 protrude from the cover 3, and stopper portions 21B and 22B that restrict displacement in the axial direction are provided. .

The shape is similar to that of the first prior art except for the eclipse.

Here, in this embodiment, the pusher 2 disposed in the front-rear direction
If the distance between the installation positions of 1.21 is a, and the distance between the installation positions of the pushers 22 and 22 arranged in the left-right direction, then the distance 1111a is smaller than the distance #b (a<b), and the distance Jl
lla is set equal to the distance between the pushers 10 and 10 according to the first prior art.

Although the present embodiment is constructed as described above, the basic operation of the operating lever device is not particularly different from the first prior art.

However, in this embodiment, the relationship between the amount of movement of the 1-position detector and the amount of tilting of the operation lever is as shown in FIG. is α as in the prior art and 1. x − when obtaining the same amount of position detector movement as this α in the x − x′ direction
The amount of full tilt of the operating lever in the x' direction is θ8, and θ8 is θ
, it can be smaller than .

Therefore, even if the amount of tilting of the operating lever 5 in the front and back direction and the amount of tilting in the left and right directions are made different, the amount of movement of the position detector can be made the same. It may be the same as the position detector 13, and the output characteristics of the position detector are as shown in the above-mentioned FIG. It can be ideal as shown. In addition, since the position detectors 13 disposed in the front-rear direction and the left-right direction can all be the same, mass productivity and assembly efficiency can be improved, and incorrect assembly can be eliminated, so reliability can be improved. .

In the above embodiment, the distance a between the positions of the pushers 21 in the y-y' direction is the same as that in the first prior art, but the distance a is not limited to this. may be changed to a', and in this case, the pusher 2 in the x-x' direction may be adjusted according to the distance #a'.
The distance between the two arrangement positions may be set as b' with respect to the above. In such a case, the amount of full tilting of the operating lever in the y-y' force direction is 0', and the amount of full tilting of the operating lever in the x-x' direction is 0' to obtain the position detector movement amount α. From, the maximum output voltage (
For example, position detectors having position detector output characteristics such as 5 volts may be disposed in the y-y' direction and the x-x' direction, respectively.

In addition, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the distance between the positions of the pushers 21 in the y-y' direction is set smaller than the distance between the positions of the pushers 22 in the x-x' direction. y
−y' The distance between the pusher installation positions in the force direction is x
The distance may be set larger than the distance between the pusher positions in the -x' direction. In this case, the operating lever device is suitable for a case where the amount of forward rotation of the operating lever 5 in the y-y' force direction cannot be increased due to the installation conditions of the operating lever device.

Next, an embodiment of the f52 according to the present invention will be described based on FIGS. 4 and 5. Note that the same components as in the second prior art shown in FIGS. 8 and 9rM are given the same reference numerals, and their explanations will be omitted.

In the figure, 31.31 is in the front-rear direction (y-y
The pusher arranged in the force direction, 32° 32, also indicates a pusher arranged in the left-right direction (x-x' direction), and these pushers 31° 31, 32, 32 are pushers according to the second prior art. 16.

Here, also in this embodiment, the pusher 3 disposed in the front-rear direction
1.31, and the distance between the pushers 32 and 32 arranged in the left-right direction is b, then the distance fia is smaller than the distance gib (a<b), and the distance Isa
is set equal to the distance between the pushers 16 and 16 according to the second prior art.

Further, in this embodiment, the radius of curvature of the spherical tip portions 31A, 32A of each pusher 31, 32 is different. Now, r is the spherical tip 3 of the pusher 31 arranged in the y-y' force direction.
1A, and R is the radius of curvature of the spherical tip 32A of the pusher 32 disposed in the x-x' direction. The radius of curvature is set to be smaller than the radius of curvature R.

This embodiment is structured as described above, and its basic operation is no different from the second prior art.

However, in this embodiment, the distance 111ia between the placement positions of the pusher 31 in the y-y direction is defined as x-x of the pusher 32.
Furthermore, the radius of curvature r of the spherical tip 31A is set smaller than the radius of curvature R of the spherical tip 32A in accordance with the distance from the center of swing of the cam 15. Therefore, the inclined cam surface 15A
The protrusion height of the pusher 31 and the pusher 32 differs depending on the distance of the inclined cam surface 15A from the center of swing of the cam 15 due to the inclination angle δ, and as in the first embodiment,
The operating lever full tilt amount θ in the y-y' force direction of the operating lever 5, and the operating lever full tilt amount θ in the x-x' direction
8, each can be set as the position detector movement amount α.

That is, the forward rotation amount of the operating lever 5 in the y-y' force direction and x
Even if the amount of tilting in the -x' force direction is different, the moving amount of the position detector can be made equal, so the position detectors arranged in the y-y' force direction and the x-x' direction are the same. This makes it possible to improve mass productivity and assembly efficiency, and eliminates incorrect assembly, thereby improving reliability.

Note that in the first and second embodiments described above, the operating lever and the cam are shown as one member, but the invention is not limited to this; the operating lever and the cam are separate members, and for example, the cam is The two may be integrated by screwing the lever.

Furthermore, in the first and second embodiments described above, a position detector is provided on the lower side of the lever case, and a voltage signal is output from the detector. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention can also be applied to an operating lever device having a configuration in which a pressure reducing valve type hydraulic pilot valve that outputs a hydraulic signal is provided on the lower side of the lever case.

(Effects of the Invention) As detailed above, according to the present invention, the distance between the disposed positions of the pusher in the front-rear direction and the distance between the disposed positions in the left-right direction are made different, and the tilt of the operating lever in the front-rear direction is made different. Even if the rotation amount and the horizontal rotation amount are different, the signal output means outputs an operation signal with the same signal amount, so the signal output means disposed in the front-back direction and the left-right direction are the same. This makes it possible to improve mass productivity and assemblability, and eliminates incorrect assembly, thereby improving reliability.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 to 3 show a first embodiment of the present invention.
The figure is an external view of the operating lever device seen from above, Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along the line 4 and 5 show the second embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 4 is an external view of the upper part of the operating lever device as seen from above, and FIG. 5 is the v of FIG. 4. 6 and 7 show the first prior art, FIG. 6 is an external view of the operating lever device seen from above, and FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line V, and FIG. 8 and 9 show the second prior art, FIG. 8 is an external view of the operating lever device seen from above, and FIG.
The cross-sectional views taken along the line IX-IX in the figure, FIGS. 1O to 17 show the third conventional technique, FIG. 1θ is an external view of the operating lever device seen from above, and FIG. XI-XI
FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the meter link characteristics of the operating lever device, and FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the relationship between the amount of movement of the position detector and the amount of tilting of the operating lever. 14 and 15 are diagrams showing the position detector output characteristics, and FIGS. 16 and 17 are diagrams showing the meter link characteristics of the operating lever device. Surface, 9...Pin, 10, 16, 21, 22, 31°3
2... Pusher, 21A, 22A, 31A. 32A... Spherical tip, 13.18... Position detector.

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A lever case, an operating lever that is attached to the outside of the lever case via a pin so that it can be tilted in any direction forward, backward, left or right; A cam having a cam surface that swings by rotation, and a tip protruding from the lever case, and when the cam swings in an arbitrary direction, the tip is pushed by the cam surface of the cam. a plurality of pushers displacing in the axial direction; and a plurality of signal output means provided on the front, rear, left and right sides corresponding to each pusher so as to output an electric signal or a hydraulic signal according to the displacement of each pusher. In the operating lever device, each of the pushers has a distance between the disposed positions in the front-rear direction and a distance between the disposed positions in the left-right direction, and the amount of tilting of the operating lever in the longitudinal direction and the tilting in the left-right direction are different. An operating lever device characterized in that, even if the amount of rotation is different, operation signals having the same signal amount are output from the signal output means provided on the front, rear, left and right sides. (2) A lever case, an operating lever that is attached to the outside of the lever case via a pin so that it can be tilted in any direction, forward, backward, left or right; A cam having an inclined inclined cam surface that is swung by rotation, and a spherical tip protruding from the lever case, and when the cam is swung in an arbitrary direction, the spherical tip is moved to the slanted cam. A plurality of pushers that are pushed by a surface and displaced in the axial direction, and signal outputs provided on the front, rear, left and right sides of each pusher so as to output an electric signal or hydraulic signal according to the displacement of each pusher. In the operating lever device, each of the pushers has a distance between the disposed positions in the front-rear direction and a distance between the disposed positions in the left-right direction, and among the pushers, the pusher located in the front-rear direction The radius of curvature of the spherical tip and the spherical tip of the pusher located in the left-right direction is changed according to the distance from the swing center of the cam, and the amount of tilting of the operating lever in the front-back direction and the amount of tilting in the left-right direction is changed. 1. A control lever device characterized in that the control lever device is configured such that the signal output means provided on the front and rear, left and right sides output operation signals with the same signal amount even if the signal output means are provided on the front and rear, and on the left and right sides.