JPH0262365B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0262365B2 JPH0262365B2 JP28106386A JP28106386A JPH0262365B2 JP H0262365 B2 JPH0262365 B2 JP H0262365B2 JP 28106386 A JP28106386 A JP 28106386A JP 28106386 A JP28106386 A JP 28106386A JP H0262365 B2 JPH0262365 B2 JP H0262365B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- cylindrical
- concrete
- formwork
- cement
- manufacturing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011400 blast furnace cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 etc. Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011372 high-strength concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007847 structural defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、任意の長さで継目がなく、高強度で
耐久性に優れたコンクリート杭を製造する方法に
関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing seamless concrete piles of arbitrary length, high strength, and excellent durability.
岩盤が深い箇所で建設工事を行なうには、基礎
杭として長いコンクリート杭を用いる必要があ
る。また最近は打設機械の大型化により大口径杭
の打設が可能となり、これが打設作業効率化の要
望と相保つて、大径で長尺コンクリート杭による
打設が増加している。
When carrying out construction work in places where the bedrock is deep, it is necessary to use long concrete piles as foundation piles. In recent years, the increasing size of driving machines has made it possible to drive large-diameter piles, and this, combined with the desire to improve the efficiency of driving work, has led to an increase in the use of large-diameter, long concrete piles.
高強度コンクリート杭は通常は工場で製造され
ている。 High-strength concrete piles are usually manufactured in factories.
比較的口径の小さいコンクリート杭を製造する
場合は、遠心力成形方法によるが、この方法では
製造装置や道路事情等の制限により、長さ10ｍが
限度であり、直径も１ｍ程度までである。工事現
場でそれ以上の長さの杭を必要とする場合には、
打設の際に杭の端板どうし溶接し、連接して用い
ている。 When manufacturing concrete piles with a relatively small diameter, centrifugal force forming is used, but due to limitations such as manufacturing equipment and road conditions, this method has a maximum length of 10 m and a diameter of approximately 1 m. If the construction site requires piles of longer length,
During driving, the end plates of the piles are welded together and used in a connected manner.
また、大口径の杭はロール転圧方法で製造され
ている。この方法によれば直径３ｍのものまで製
造可能であるが、この場合も製造装置や運搬手段
等の制限により、長さは３ｍ程度のものまでしか
できない。そこでこの短管の所定の数をエポキシ
樹脂等で接着し、所定の長さとして軸方向にPC
鋼線を通し、これを緊結して一体化した長尺杭と
している。 In addition, large diameter piles are manufactured using the roll compaction method. According to this method, it is possible to manufacture products up to a diameter of 3 m, but even in this case, due to limitations on manufacturing equipment, transportation means, etc., the length can only be made up to about 3 m. Therefore, a predetermined number of these short tubes are glued together with epoxy resin, etc., and PC is installed in the axial direction to make a predetermined length.
Steel wires are passed through and tied together to form an integrated long pile.
以上のような方法により製造された杭には当然
のことながら継目が存在する。この継目は杭の構
造上の欠陥となり、この部分よりの海水や化学物
質の浸入による杭中の鋼材の腐食、応力の集中に
よる疲労等により、杭の寿命を短くする。 Piles manufactured by the method described above naturally have seams. This seam becomes a structural defect in the pile, which shortens the life of the pile due to corrosion of the steel material inside the pile due to the infiltration of seawater and chemical substances through this joint, and fatigue due to stress concentration.
このような欠陥部をなくすためには、工事現場
において振動締固め方法により大口径の長尺杭を
製造する方法がある。しかし振動締固め方法では
杭の外側とともに内側にも型枠が必要であり、こ
の型枠は打設後の撤去が困難である。また内側の
型枠をスライドさせながら製造する方法、すなわ
ち端部よりコンクリートを打設、コンクリートが
固化した部分の内側型枠をスライドし、スライド
した型枠の部分にコンクリートを打設する、この
操作を順次繰り返して一体の杭とする方法もある
が、この方法では型枠のスライドに大掛りの装置
を必要とするとともに、杭の完成までに長い時間
を要する。 In order to eliminate such defects, there is a method of manufacturing large-diameter long piles using a vibration compaction method at the construction site. However, the vibration compaction method requires formwork on the inside as well as the outside of the pile, and this formwork is difficult to remove after driving. In addition, there is a method of manufacturing by sliding the inner formwork, that is, pouring concrete from the end, sliding the inner formwork in the part where the concrete has hardened, and pouring concrete into the sliding part of the formwork. There is also a method of repeating the steps one after another to form an integrated pile, but this method requires large-scale equipment to slide the formwork and takes a long time to complete the pile.
本発明はこのような実状に鑑みてなされたもの
で、任意の長さおよび口径を有するコンクリート
杭を継目がなく、かつ内側型枠を使用せずに製造
して、従来技術の問題点を解決しようとするもの
である。
The present invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and it solves the problems of the conventional technology by manufacturing concrete piles of arbitrary length and diameter seamlessly and without using inner formwork. This is what I am trying to do.
上記の問題点を解決するために、本発明のコン
クリート杭の製造方法は、半円筒形下部型枠を内
面を上に向けて設置し、スパイラル鉄筋が外面よ
り隔離して配設され、かつスペーサが外面に立設
された円筒形セメント硬化体を、下部型枠内にス
ペーサにより支持して下部型枠と同軸に複数個連
接して配設し、スパイラル鉄筋と円筒形セメント
硬化体との間にPC鋼線を適当量配した後、この
PC鋼線を緊張し、コンクリート投入口を有する
半円筒形上部型枠を内面を下に向けて下部型枠の
上に取付け、円筒形セメント硬化体と上部および
下部型枠との間にコンクリートを打設し振動締固
めするものである。
In order to solve the above problems, the concrete pile manufacturing method of the present invention is such that a semi-cylindrical lower formwork is installed with the inner surface facing upward, spiral reinforcing bars are arranged isolated from the outer surface, and spacers are provided. A plurality of cylindrical hardened cement bodies, each of which is erected on the outer surface, are supported by spacers within the lower formwork and are connected coaxially with the lower formwork, and between the spiral reinforcing bars and the cylindrical hardened cement bodies. After placing an appropriate amount of PC steel wire on the
Tension the PC steel wire, attach the semi-cylindrical upper formwork with the concrete inlet onto the lower formwork with the inner surface facing down, and place concrete between the cylindrical cement hardening body and the upper and lower formworks. It is poured and compacted by vibration.
本発明を、本発明の実施に用いる装置の一例を
示す図面により説明する。
The present invention will be explained with reference to drawings showing an example of an apparatus used for carrying out the present invention.
第１図はコンクリート打設前の型枠の断面図、
第２図は第１図のＡ−Ａ矢視一部切截側面図であ
る。図において１ａは上部型枠でネジ締め等の適
当な手段を用いて、下部型枠１ｂに着脱自由に固
着し得る。２は円筒形セメント硬化体で、スペー
サ取付用治具３、スペーサ４およびコーン５によ
り上部型枠１ａおよび下部型枠１ｂにより押圧固
定されており、その表面に半球状突起６を有す
る。７はスパイラル鉄筋、８はPC鋼線、９はコ
ンクリート投入口である。 Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the formwork before concrete pouring.
FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway side view taken along the line A--A in FIG. In the figure, 1a is an upper formwork and can be freely attached to and detached from the lower formwork 1b using suitable means such as screw tightening. Reference numeral 2 denotes a cylindrical hardened cement body, which is pressed and fixed by a spacer attachment jig 3, a spacer 4, and a cone 5 to an upper formwork 1a and a lower formwork 1b, and has hemispherical protrusions 6 on its surface. 7 is a spiral reinforcing bar, 8 is a PC steel wire, and 9 is a concrete input port.
下部型枠内に、周囲にスパイラル鉄筋およびス
ペーサを適当量配した任意の長さの円筒形セメン
ト硬化体を、スペーサ取付用治具、スペーサおよ
びコーンにより下部型枠と同軸に、任意の数を連
接して配設し、スパイラル鉄筋と円筒形セメント
硬化体との間にPC鋼線を適当量配した後、PC鋼
線を緊張し、上部型枠を下部型枠上に取付け、円
筒形セメント硬化体と上部および下部型枠との間
に杭用コンクリートを打設する。打設したコンク
リートは予め下部型枠に取付けた振動機により振
動締固めを行なう。打設が終つた後、コンクリー
トがPC鋼線の緊張力により破壊しない強度に達
するまで、適当な方法で養生する。養生後脱型、
脱型後所定の強度に達した後杭を打設する。 Inside the lower formwork, a cylindrical hardened cement body of any length with an appropriate amount of spiral reinforcing bars and spacers arranged around it, and an arbitrary number of them coaxially with the lower formwork using a spacer installation jig, spacers and cones. After placing an appropriate amount of PC steel wire between the spiral reinforcing bars and the cylindrical cement hardening body, the PC steel wire is tensioned, the upper formwork is installed on the lower formwork, and the cylindrical cement Pile concrete is placed between the hardened body and the upper and lower formwork. The poured concrete is compacted by vibration using a vibrator installed in advance on the lower formwork. After pouring, the concrete is cured using an appropriate method until it reaches a strength that will prevent it from breaking under the tension of the PC steel wires. Demolding after curing,
After demolding and reaching the specified strength, the piles are driven.
上記および上部型枠はともに連続型枠であり、
内側型枠の役目をした円筒形セメント硬化体は除
去する必要がなく打設したコンクリートと一体と
なるので、継目のないコンクリート杭を任意の長
さおよび口径で作製することができる。 Both the above and upper formwork are continuous formwork,
Since the cylindrical hardened cement body that served as the inner formwork does not need to be removed and becomes integrated with the poured concrete, seamless concrete piles can be manufactured with any length and diameter.
円筒形セメント硬化体は適宜な方法によつて成
形され得るが、遠心力成形方法によるのが円筒形
セメント硬化体の寸法精度および強度が良好で好
ましい。 Although the cylindrical hardened cement body can be formed by any suitable method, centrifugal force molding is preferred because the dimensional accuracy and strength of the cylindrical hardened cement body are good.
円筒形セメント硬化体には外側表面に半径状等
の突起を付けることが好ましく、突起を付けるこ
とにより円筒形セメント硬化体とコンクリートと
の付着がよくなり、プレストレス導入時あるいは
杭行設時に、コンクリートを円筒形セメント硬化
体との間に生じる滑りの力に対して摩擦抵抗とし
て作用する。 It is preferable to attach radial or other protrusions to the outer surface of the cylindrical hardened cement body.By adding the protrusions, the adhesion between the cylindrical hardened cement body and concrete becomes better. It acts as a frictional resistance against the sliding force generated between the concrete and the cylindrical hardened cement body.
この突起は、円筒形セメント硬化体作製用型枠
の表面に、突起に見合つた凹部を設けることによ
り付けることができる。 This protrusion can be attached by providing a recess corresponding to the protrusion on the surface of a cylindrical formwork for producing a hardened cement body.
円筒形セメント硬化体は軽量なほど杭製造時の
型枠組立が容易になるので、その肉厚は杭コンク
リート打設に耐え得る限り薄い方が良い。このた
めスチールフアイバ、ガラスフアイバ、カーボン
フアイバ、アラミドフアイバ等の繊維を混入した
コンクリート、モルタル、ペーストであることが
好ましい。 The lighter the cylindrical cement hardened body is, the easier it will be to assemble the formwork during pile manufacture, so it is better that its wall thickness be as thin as possible to withstand pile concrete casting. For this reason, it is preferable to use concrete, mortar, or paste mixed with fibers such as steel fiber, glass fiber, carbon fiber, or aramid fiber.
なお、この円筒形セメント硬化体は任意の長さ
に作製できる。 Note that this cylindrical cement hardened body can be manufactured to any length.
本発明に用いられるセメントとしては、普通ポ
ルトランドセメント、中庸熱ポルトランドセメン
ト、早強ポルトランドセメント、超早強ポルトラ
ンドセメント、白色セメント、高炉セメント、シ
リカセメント、フライアツシユセメント、並びに
これ等のセメントにスラグ、ポゾラン反応物質、
石こうを添加したものが用いられる。 Cement used in the present invention includes ordinary Portland cement, moderate heat Portland cement, early strength Portland cement, ultra early strength Portland cement, white cement, blast furnace cement, silica cement, fly ash cement, and slag, pozzolanic reactant,
A material with added gypsum is used.
本発明を実施例により説明する。 The present invention will be explained by examples.
円筒形セメント硬化体は下記の条件により作製
した。 A cylindrical cement hardened body was produced under the following conditions.
配 合
普通ポルトランドセメント 80重量部
シリカヒユーム 20重量部
水 20重量部
カーボンフアイバ ５重量部
マイテイ150 ６重量部
砂 200重量部
諸 元
直 径
内 径 270mm
外 径 300mm
長さ 400mm
外側表面には半径10mmの半球状突起を円周方向
に４列、軸方向に６列配列した。Mixed ordinary Portland cement 80 parts by weight Silica hume 20 parts by weight Water 20 parts by weight Carbon fiber 5 parts by weight Mighty 150 6 parts by weight Sand 200 parts by weight Specifications Diameter Inner diameter 270 mm Outer diameter 300 mm Length 400 mm The outer surface has a radius of 10 mm. The hemispherical projections were arranged in four rows in the circumferential direction and six rows in the axial direction.
混練したモルタルは遠心力成形機により成形し
た後、60℃で６時間蒸気養生を行なつた。蒸気養
生終了後スパイラル鉄筋およびスーサを取付け
た。スパイラル鉄筋のピツチは50mm、スペーサは
円周方向に４列、軸方向に４列配列した。 The kneaded mortar was molded using a centrifugal molding machine and then steam-cured at 60°C for 6 hours. After steam curing, spiral reinforcing bars and soothers were installed. The pitch of the spiral reinforcing bars was 50 mm, and the spacers were arranged in four rows in the circumferential direction and four rows in the axial direction.
上記のような条件で作製した円筒形セメント硬
化体３体を直径400mm、長さ1200mmの下部型枠に
入れ、スパイラル鉄筋と円筒形セメント硬化体と
の間にPC鋼線を８本通し、これを緊張した後、
上部型枠を下部型枠の上に取付けコンクリート杭
作製用型枠を作製した。PC鋼線は直径８mmのも
のを用い、有効プレストス量は80Kg／cm2とした。 The three cylindrical hardened cement bodies produced under the above conditions were placed in a lower formwork with a diameter of 400 mm and a length of 1200 mm, and eight PC steel wires were passed between the spiral reinforcing bars and the cylindrical hardened cement bodies. After getting nervous,
The upper formwork was installed on top of the lower formwork to create a formwork for making concrete piles. The PC steel wire used had a diameter of 8 mm, and the effective prestress amount was 80 Kg/cm 2 .
この型枠の中に杭用コンクリートをコンクリー
ト投入口より投入し、振動締固め方法により打設
した。打設後室温で７日間養生した。養生後脱型
し、プレストレスを導入した。 Concrete for piles was poured into this formwork through the concrete inlet and poured using the vibration compaction method. After pouring, it was cured at room temperature for 7 days. After curing, it was removed from the mold and prestressed.
杭用コンクリートの配合は下記の通りである。 The mix of concrete for piles is as follows.
普通ポルトランドセメント 526Kg／m3
水 136 〃
砂 650 〃
粗骨材 1158 〃
マイテイ150 9.5 〃
上記のような条件でコンクリート杭を作製した
ところ、杭外側には継目が見られず、内側も円滑
で満足のいく製品であつた。Ordinary Portland cement 526Kg/m 3Water 136 〃 Sand 650 〃 Coarse aggregate 1158 〃 Mighty 150 9.5 〃 When concrete piles were made under the above conditions, there were no seams on the outside of the pile, and the inside was smooth as well. It was a great product.
本発明のコンクリート杭の製造方法によれば、
任意の長さおよび口径で継目のない一体的な、強
度、耐久性ともに優れたコンクリート杭を能率的
に製造でき、工業的に非常に有利である。
According to the method for manufacturing a concrete pile of the present invention,
It is possible to efficiently manufacture concrete piles of arbitrary length and diameter that are seamless, integral, and have excellent strength and durability, which is very advantageous industrially.
第１図はコンクリート打設前の型枠の断面図、
第２図は第１図のＡ−Ａ矢視一部切截側面図であ
る。
１ａ……上部型枠、１ｂ……下部型枠、２……
円筒形セメント硬化体、３……スペーサ取付用治
具、４……スペーサ、５……コーン、６……突
起、７……スパイラル鉄筋、８……PC鋼線、９
……コンクリート投入口。
Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the formwork before concrete pouring.
2 is a partially cutaway side view taken along the line A-A in FIG. 1. FIG. 1a... Upper formwork, 1b... Lower formwork, 2...
Cylindrical hardened cement body, 3...Spacer mounting jig, 4...Spacer, 5...Cone, 6...Protrusion, 7...Spiral reinforcing bar, 8...PC steel wire, 9
...Concrete inlet.
Claims (1)
し、スパイラル鉄筋が外面より隔離して配設さ
れ、かつスペーサが外面に立設された円筒形セメ
ント硬化体を、下部型枠内にスペーサにより支持
して下部型枠と同軸に複数個連接して配設し、ス
パイラル鉄筋と円筒形セメント硬化体との間に
PC鋼線を配し、PC鋼線を緊張した後、コンクリ
ート投入口を有する半円筒形上部型枠を内面を下
に向けて下部型枠の上に取付け、円筒形セメント
硬化体と上部および下部型枠との間にコンクリー
トを打設し振動締固めすることを特徴とするコン
クリート杭の製造方法。 ２ 円筒形セメント硬化体が、遠心力成形方法に
より製造されたものであることを特徴とする特許
請求の範囲第１項に記載のコンクリート杭の製造
方法。 ３ 円筒形セメント硬化体が、外側表面に突起を
付けたものであることを特徴とする特許請求の範
囲第１項に記載のコンクリート杭の製造方法。 ４ 円筒形セメント硬化体が繊維によつて補強さ
れたコンクリート、モルタルまたはペーストであ
ることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１項に記載
のコンクリート杭の製造方法。[Claims] 1. A cylindrical hardened cement body in which a semi-cylindrical lower formwork is installed with the inner surface facing upward, spiral reinforcing bars are arranged to be isolated from the outer surface, and spacers are erected on the outer surface. , multiple pieces are supported by spacers in the lower formwork and connected coaxially with the lower formwork, and between the spiral reinforcing bars and the cylindrical cement hardened body.
After placing the PC steel wire and tensioning the PC steel wire, install the semi-cylindrical upper formwork with the concrete inlet on the lower formwork with the inner surface facing down, and connect the cylindrical cement hardening body to the upper and lower parts. A method for manufacturing concrete piles, characterized by pouring concrete between the formwork and compacting it by vibration. 2. The method for manufacturing a concrete pile according to claim 1, wherein the cylindrical hardened cement body is manufactured by a centrifugal force forming method. 3. The method for manufacturing a concrete pile according to claim 1, wherein the cylindrical hardened cement body has protrusions on its outer surface. 4. The method for manufacturing a concrete pile according to claim 1, wherein the cylindrical hardened cement body is concrete, mortar, or paste reinforced with fibers.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28106386A JPS63218306A (en) | 1986-11-26 | 1986-11-26 | Manufacture of concrete pile |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28106386A JPS63218306A (en) | 1986-11-26 | 1986-11-26 | Manufacture of concrete pile |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63218306A JPS63218306A (en) | 1988-09-12 |
| JPH0262365B2 true JPH0262365B2 (en) | 1990-12-25 |
Family
ID=17633794
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28106386A Granted JPS63218306A (en) | 1986-11-26 | 1986-11-26 | Manufacture of concrete pile |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS63218306A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0464056U (en) * | 1990-10-14 | 1992-06-01 |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107199617A (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-09-26 | 嘉兴欣创混凝土制品有限公司 | The preparation method of hollow square pile |
-
1986
- 1986-11-26 JP JP28106386A patent/JPS63218306A/en active Granted
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0464056U (en) * | 1990-10-14 | 1992-06-01 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS63218306A (en) | 1988-09-12 |
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