JPH0247433B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) The present invention always stably performs the fermentation and drying operation of high-moisture organic waste such as house waste, kitchen waste, and surplus sludge with high precision and high efficiency. The present invention also relates to a device for continuously carrying out necessary processes without transferring quantities.

(Prior Art) With the recent increase in demand, devices with various structures for fermenting and drying large amounts of organic waste such as household feces have been developed and become popular. However, because the initial moisture content conditions, stirring conditions, and aeration conditions necessary for fermentation were not always perfect, fermentation was often unnecessary. Even if fermentation is possible, if a large amount of other materials such as sawdust are mixed in to adjust the initial moisture content, the adjustment will be difficult and the mixing will result in deterioration in product quality and an increase in the volume of the equipment. If there is no initial moisture adjustment process, the upper limit of the raw material moisture is limited to a low value, if there is no final drying process, the product moisture cannot be reduced sufficiently, and if both are absent, the moisture difference between the raw material and the product is very small. thing. In the case of full-scale equipment that goes through the steps of initial moisture adjustment, fermentation, and final drying, independent equipment for each process and equipment for transporting goods between the steps are required, resulting in excessive equipment and labor costs. etc.

In recent years, fermentation and drying equipment for organic waste such as kitchen waste and excess sludge has become an issue, but they have faced the same difficulties, such as poor fermentation and drying and overflow of foul-smelling sewage.

(Means for Solving the Problem) In the present invention, a small diameter vertical stirring shaft that is movable over the entire surface of the tank performs rapid and powerful stirring at appropriate time intervals, while a large number of By making it possible to constantly and uniformly send an appropriate amount of ventilation from the ventilation gutter to the entire tank during stirring, active fermentation and drying can be maintained without any problems. The action causes the majority of the product to overflow and discharge from the side wall, and the remaining product and the newly added high moisture raw material are stirred and mixed by the same shaft action, making it possible to eliminate the use of other low moisture materials. Various problems can be easily solved simultaneously by adjusting the initial moisture content and repeating the process.

Furthermore, by using multiple fermentation tanks as a set, one tank can be ventilated with a small air volume suitable for fermentation, and the other tanks can be ventilated uniformly from the bottom of each tank with a large air volume required for finishing drying, and the valve can be switched. The aeration conditions are exchanged to operate multiple tanks differentially without transferring raw materials, and after fermentation and drying, finishing aeration drying is performed continuously to achieve extremely low moisture content, which is then automatically transported out of the tank in the same way. By that,
You can further improve functionality and solve problems.

(Structure) An embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 will be described. 1 is an air inlet, 2 is a solar heat collector, 3 is a heat storage body forming a tank wall, 4 is a blower, 5 is a deposition tank, 6
Numerous ventilation gutters are provided on the bottom of the tank 5, 7 is a translucent house provided on the top of the tank 5, 8 is a four-way valve for switching air passages, and 9 is a pipe that divides the outlet of the blower 4 into two, leading to one pipe. Two pipes, one with a large air volume and one with a small air volume, which are configured with or without the narrow passage 9, are connected to the valve 8. 10 is a large number of narrow passages provided for each decimal number of gutters 6; 11 is an outer wall of the heat storage body 3; 12 is an inner wall of the same 3; and 13 is a vertical partition plate that divides the tank 5 into two.
Gutters 6 for each of the two sets of sedimentation tanks 5 formed by the plates 13
, and two pipes collected separately via a narrow passage 10 are also connected to the valve 8 . 14 is a burner, 15 is a solenoid valve, and 16 is a water gutter.

Next, other embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 will be described. 3, 5, 6, 11 to 13 in the figure are the same as those described above. 17 is a vertical stirring shaft, 18
19 is a horizontal feed table, 19 is a vertical feed table, and the stirring shaft 17 operates from the top surface of the sediment in the tank 5 to near the bottom surface of the tank 5,
In addition, the entire surface of the tank 5 can be sequentially moved by the tables 18 and 19, so that the entire deposit can be stirred. 20 is a lift screw, 21 is a door provided on one side of the tank 5, and an overflow wall is formed below, and 22 and 23 are belt conveyors.

(Operation) Next, the operation of the present invention will be explained with reference to an embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. New raw materials are introduced and deposited on the left side of two sets of deposition tanks 5 formed by partition plates 13, and raw materials that have undergone a fermentation process are deposited on the right side. When the blower 4 is driven, hot air is sent through 1 to 3 as shown by the dotted arrows, 8 and 9 provide a small air volume to the left tank, and 6 and 10 provide a large air volume to the right tank, respectively. Ventilation is evenly distributed from the bottom of the tank.
However, for fermentation, an appropriate amount of aeration (0.3 to 2 l/min・
KgDM (expressed in superficial velocity, it corresponds to 1 to 15 cm/min under normal sediment conditions); below this, fermentation will be poor under anaerobic conditions, and above this, the product temperature will be air-cooled too much and fermentation will be inactivated. In addition, there is a water content limit, and below about 38%wb, fermentation becomes inactive, requiring a smaller air volume, which is disadvantageous as the fermentation drying ability decreases. Therefore, in the present invention, after reaching about 38% wb, a large air volume is sent for aeration drying, and for new raw materials beyond that, an appropriate small air volume is sent for fermentation drying. After aeration for a predetermined period of time (approximately 2 days), the left tank reaches approximately 38% wb through fermentation and drying, at which time the right tank provides the necessary aeration conditions to air dry to the target moisture content (approximately 20% wb). After that, the dried products in the right tank are taken out of the tank, new raw materials are put in, and the valve 8 is switched as shown by the dotted line to ventilate the product. Fermentation and drying are carried out by aeration, and the two sets of deposition tanks operate by changing their positions. Thereafter, by differentially operating the two tanks in the same manner, two processes can be performed continuously without moving the raw materials. The heat collector 2 captures solar heat and supplies it to the air inlet 1.
The heat storage body 3 corrects the heating time difference due to 2, and the burner 14 and solenoid valve 15 assist 2 and 3 on rainy days and at night. Since it can function even if it is installed, it is a good idea to choose whether to adopt it or not depending on the equipment cost. The house 7 has the function of keeping the tank 5 warm, and when it occurs, water droplets are drained into the water gutter 16.
It is a good idea to supplement this, but it is not required. In addition, without using the narrow path 9, there are two types for small air volume and large air volume.
By using multiple blowers, the air volume can be better regulated. Further, even if there are two or more sets of tanks 5, the same effect can be achieved as in this case, and even if the blower 4 is used for suction, the effect is the same except that the direction of the air is reversed.

Next, other embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 will be described. The device for blowing air from the gutter 6 on the bottom of the deposition tank 5 is omitted, and only the main parts related to the stirring action are shown, so the action will be explained.
If the vertical stirring shaft 17 is operated with a timer or the like so that it passes through a fixed point on the plane of the tank 5 at appropriate intervals (2 to 6 hours), the upper and lower layers will be strongly mixed and stirred when the shaft 17 passes through, such as a screw type shaft, and the inside of the tank 5 will be stirred. is sequentially homogenized, a new reaction surface is exposed, and fermentation is activated, and the shaft 17 becomes a vertical air passage when passing through, concentrating ventilation and increasing the drying effect. However, if the ventilation is concentrated excessively, the temperature of the product will be overcooled and other parts of the tank will not have enough ventilation.
In either case, fermentation will be poor, but in the present invention, the operating plane of the shaft 17 is small considering the essential condition of having the transverse feed table 18 separately from the vertical feed table 19, and the narrow passage 10 which is an essential condition. Since concentration of airflow to a specific gutter 6 is prevented, an appropriate amount of airflow is maintained almost uniformly throughout the deposition tank 5 even while the shaft 17 is in operation, and only good results are produced by the shaft 17 without any adverse effects.

In this way, when the right tank has been fermented and dried into a product with a sufficiently low moisture content, the door 21 is opened and the stirring shaft 17 is turned on.
If the product continues to be operated, products larger than the one-dot chain line will overflow and be automatically carried out, and then, when new raw materials are introduced and the shaft 17 is operated, the old and new materials will be well stirred up and down, and the moisture content can be adjusted. Approximately 54% in the case of home-stored feces only
If it exceeds wb, it will be kneaded by stirring and will be bad for fermentation.
If the initial moisture content is adjusted to about 53% wb, the material will become finer and finer as it is stirred. If set, the moisture content can be automatically adjusted to the appropriate level based on the above-mentioned effect of reducing the moisture content of the product. Raising the shaft 17 to a predetermined height with the screw 20 is good for transporting the product, but it is not essential. New material can be introduced by the conveyors 22 and 23 as the stirring shafts move, but even if it is directly fed by a loader or the like, it can be leveled by operating the shaft 17.

In addition, by carrying out the fermentation drying process with a small air volume aeration using one tank 5, and then switching to a large air volume and carrying out the aeration drying process continuously in the same tank, it is not necessary to use multiple tanks 5. In either case, the effect of the present invention by the shaft 17 can be the same. Furthermore, even when switching to a large air volume and automatically transporting the product after only the fermentation and drying process without ventilation, the basic gist of the present invention is still maintained, although there is a difference in performance where the product is not sufficiently finished and dried.

(effect) Next, the effects of the present invention will be explained.

The action of the present invention, in which the vertical stirring shaft 17 is sequentially moved to the entire surface of the tank 5 using the transverse feed table 18 and the vertical feed table 19, and the entire layer is strongly stirred up and down, homogenizes and refines the material to facilitate fermentation. At that time, due to the action of the gutter 6 having the narrow passage 10, even during stirring, the entire layer is almost uniformly vented in an appropriate amount, and other parts of the layer are always maintained at the optimum conditions, and only the shaft position is maintained at the narrow passage 10. Within the specified range, the amount of ventilation increases and drying is accelerated. This action and effect is a stirrer that simultaneously acts on the entire width of the tank 5 and occupies a large surface area, and is completely different from the conventional device which was not provided with a narrow passage 10 and was roughly ventilated. It is a technological innovation. In addition, the apparatus is simple and inexpensive due to sequential operation using a stirring shaft with a small rotational force.

Furthermore, by combining the above requirements with an overflow wall of a predetermined height constructed on one side of the tank 5 as shown below the door 21, the required amount of product can be automatically moved out of the tank using the same stirring shaft 17. The predetermined amount of the low-moisture product that has been carried out and remains at the bottom of the tank and the high-moisture new raw material are strongly stirred up and down, producing the effect of automatically adjusting the desired initial moisture content homogeneously without moving the material. Conventionally, fermentation was poor and it was necessary to mix a large amount of other low-moisture materials, so this effect could only be realized after the above-mentioned fermentation and drying was activated.

In addition, in the present invention, the tank 5 is divided into a plurality of groups,
After fermenting and drying the raw materials with an appropriate small air flow, when final drying is performed by blowing a large air volume by switching the valve 8, not only can high-quality products with extremely low moisture be produced, but also the mixture with the extremely low moisture products can be improved. Therefore, the proper initial moisture content can be adjusted with a small amount of reduction, which has the tremendous effect of further reducing the tank volume, making the present invention even more effective.

In this way, conditions that can activate fermentation and drying are created, and the necessary steps of initial moisture adjustment, fermentation drying, final blow drying, and product transport are carried out sequentially and continuously in the same tank without a transfer step, resulting in an inexpensive process. It can be processed into high-quality products using extremely small equipment, and all problems with conventional technology can be solved.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of an apparatus constituting an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a side sectional view thereof, Fig. 3 is a side sectional view of main parts of another embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 4 is a FIG. 1: Air intake, 2: Heat collector, 3: Heat storage, 4: Air blower, 5: Accumulation tank, 6: Ventilation gutter, 7: House,
8: valve, 9: narrow path, 10: narrow path, 11: outer wall, 12: inner wall, 13: partition plate, 14: burner,
15: Solenoid valve, 16: Water gutter, 17: Stirring shaft, 1
8: Horizontal feed stand, 19: Vertical feed stand, 20: Lifting screw, 2
1: Door, 22, 23: Belt conveyor.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A large number of ventilation troughs 6, which are divided into small units by a large number of narrow passages 10 and connected to the blower 4, are installed equally on the entire bottom surface of the sediment layer 5, and a vertical stirring shaft 17 is installed. The device is capable of acting from the upper surface of the sediment in the tank 5 to near the bottom of the tank 5, and the shaft 17 is moved from the top surface of the sediment in the tank 5 to the bottom surface of the tank 5 by means of a horizontal feed table 18 and a vertical feed table 19.
The dry matter amount of the sediment is 1 kgDM throughout the sedimentation tank 5 even while the shaft 17 is in operation.
A high-moisture organic waste that is constantly ventilated with a small air flow rate of 0.3 to 2/min almost uniformly, and one side of the tank 5 shown below the door 21 is configured as an overflow wall of a predetermined height. fermentation and drying equipment. 2. In the item described in claim 1, the tank 5 is divided into a plurality of tank combinations, and the ventilation gutter 6 is collected in each tank 5 unit and connected to the valve 8, and
A plurality of pipes for the small air volume regulated in 1 above and for the larger air volume are connected to the valve 8, and by switching the valve 8, the small air volume or the large air volume is sequentially sent to the plurality of tanks 5. Fermentation and drying equipment for high moisture organic waste with aeration equipment.