JPH0247350A - Fabric for forming three-dimensional, three-axial steric shape and production thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a three-dimensional, three-axial fabric consisting of yarn in the direction of diameter, yarn in the direction of circumference and yarn in the direction of thickness, having high stiffness and strength to axially symmetric load and suitable as a reinforcing material for a composite material. CONSTITUTION:A number of yarns 1 in the direction of diameter are stretched and installed radially from the central in multiple stages (five stages in the figure) and the whole is rotated. Yarns 3 in the direction of circumference are inserted into the direction of thickness with rapier 33 while inserting yarns 2 in the direction of circumference into the yarns 2 in the direction of diameter to entangle the yarns. The yarns 3 in the direction of thickness are formed into a loop 32 in the end of the direction of thickness by a hook 31 and engaged with the yarns 3 in the direction of thickness to be inserted next time. Three- dimensional, three axial fabric passing the yarns 2 in the direction of circumference and yarns 3 in the direction of thickness through between the yarns 1 in the direction of diameter stacked in the direction of thickness and multiple stage is obtained thereby.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention mainly relates to a thick three-dimensional three-dimensional triaxial three-dimensional shaping fabric having a three-dimensional shape and used as a reinforcing material for a structural composite material having a rotating body shell shape. The present invention relates to a manufacturing method thereof.

[Conventional technology]

Composite materials that use continuous fibers as reinforcing materials have excellent mechanical properties such as elastic modulus and strength, so they are used in many fields. However, it is difficult to form continuous fiber composite materials into complex shapes, so it is necessary to divide the three-dimensional curved surface into developable surfaces, cut and paste a flat cloth or unidirectionally aligned material, or forcefully strain the flat cloth. Manufacturing was being carried out at the same time. It has been pointed out that the disadvantages of these conventional techniques include that the strength of the reinforcing material ties 11 that have been cut is significantly deteriorated, and that the fiber content and orientation distribution are disturbed.

In order to solve these problems, the present inventors previously proposed a technique for weaving a spherical three-dimensional cloth in Japanese Patent Application No. 143780/1983. This three-dimensional fabric consists of a large number of radial threads extending radially from the center that are raised and lowered every other thread, circumferential threads woven in a spiral between the openings of the radial threads, and then the upper and lower positions of the radial threads reversed. The fabric is woven by repeating the process of weaving and weaving, but the woven fabric is similar to normal plain weave cloth and is a thin woven fabric, so in actual applications, woven fabrics are layered to maintain a certain thickness. I needed to.

When reinforcing materials are used in a laminated manner, the interlaminar strength between the laminated bodies of the resulting molded product is weak, and the fibers are oriented in the radial and circumferential directions due to the extra process of lamination. There are problems such as the fabric is easily disturbed, and since three-dimensional fabrics of the same shape are stacked on top of each other, if the wall thickness becomes large, it will cause distortion to the three-dimensional fabric.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

The present invention was made in order to solve the above problems, and it is possible to set the thickness of a three-dimensional three-dimensional three-dimensional solid material, which makes it possible to obtain a three-dimensional composite material without laminating layers. The purpose of this invention is to obtain a woven fabric for shaping and a method for producing the same.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The three-dimensional triaxial three-dimensional shaping fabric of the present invention has a large number of radial yarns extending radially from the center, circumferential yarns spirally woven in the circumferential direction, and a thickness The radial yarns are stacked in multiple layers in the thickness direction of the woven fabric, and circumferential yarns and Jl female yarns penetrate between the radial yarns. It is something.

In addition, the method for producing a three-dimensional triaxial three-dimensional shaping fabric of the present invention involves rotating the entire radial yarn extending radially from the center, inserting the circumferential yarn and the thickness direction yarn between them, and producing a two-dimensional triaxial fabric. This is a method of forming.

The fabric for three-dimensional shaping of the present invention is a three-dimensional triaxial fabric already known as a plane fabric, which is three-dimensionalized into a rotating shell shape, and the fiber directions are not only radial and circumferential, but also the thickness direction. It is also oriented.

Furthermore, fluctuations in yarn density are controlled to a minimum.

[For production]

The woven fabric of this invention has a three-dimensional shape and the thickness can be arbitrarily set, so when it is applied to a composite material with a three-dimensional shape such as the curved surface of a one-rotation body, it is not necessary to three-dimensionally shape a flat thin material as in the past. Since there is no need to go through the process of laminating the fibers, which causes disturbances in fiber orientation and fluctuations in thread density, it can be used as a reinforcing material for linear composite materials, and it can also be used as a reinforcing material for linear composite materials. Effective for application to members that require stability. Furthermore, since the reinforcing threads are oriented in the circumferential direction and radial direction of the rotating curved surface, it has maximum rigidity and maximum strength against axisymmetric loads.

[Embodiments of the invention]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 schematically shows the fabric structure of the fabric for three-dimensional shaping according to the present invention. In the figure, the three-dimensional shaping fabric (A) is used as a reinforcing material for a composite material (B) having a three-dimensional shape such as the shell of a rotating body as shown in Figure 2, and is generally made of carbon fiber or glass fiber. , Kevlar fiber, etc., but other various fibers can be used as needed.

The above textile structure is known as a three-dimensional triaxial textile.
A large number of radial yarns (1) extending radially from the center, and circumferential yarns (2) woven in a direction almost perpendicular to them.
) and thickness direction yarn (3).

Weaving is carried out by spirally weaving the circumferential yarn (2) into the radial yarn (1) and inserting the thickness direction yarn (3) using a rapier method.

FIG. 3 is a plan view schematically showing the weaving method of the three-dimensional shaping fabric (A), and the figure shows radial yarn (1) and circumferential yarn (1).
Only 2) is shown.

The number of radial yarns (1) is increased in proportion to the weaving radius so that the deviation of the yarn density at each weaving radius falls within a certain range, and preferably the yarn density of the radial yarn (1) is increased in proportion to the weaving radius. 111 so that the deviation always falls within the range of ±lθ%.
Radial threads (1) are added successively in proportion to the increase in weaving radius. Further, the circumferential yarn (2) and the thickness direction yarn (3) are made to have the same yarn density and the same yarn density deviation as the radial yarn (1). The fabric (A) for composite material is woven in this way.

The above-mentioned textile (A) can be shaped in advance into the shape of a rotating body shell and then woven, but it may also be woven into a flat shape and then formed into a three-dimensional shape such as a rotating body shell when it is made into a composite material.
In this case, since weaving is carried out using radial direction yarn (1), circumferential direction yarn (2), and thickness direction yarn (3), it is possible to shape it into a three-dimensional shape similar to the shape of a rotating body shell when making a composite material. , there is no particularly large change in thread density.

FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram showing a weaving device for weaving the above-mentioned fabric (A) as a three-dimensional cloth in the shape of a rotating shell. A mold (11) for defining the shape is provided, and the mold (11) is installed so as to be able to be raised and lowered by a lifting shaft (13) that is driven by a motor (12) and raised and lowered. The radial direction thread (1), the circumferential direction thread (2) and the thickness direction thread (3) are respectively attached to the bobbin (1/
The thread tension is adjusted independently by tension control devices attached to (1), (15), and (16). This tension adjustment mechanism includes, for example, a member that transmits power through friction, and adjusts the frictional force between the members using an external electrical signal, thereby making it possible to adjust the tension of the threads (2) and (3). A mechanism such as the one shown in FIG.

One end of the radial thread (1) is fixed at the center of the mold (11),
The other end is fixed to a rotating drum (17) via a bobbin (14). As many radial threads (1) as required at the outermost periphery of the fabric (A) are installed before weaving.

In FIG. 4, the radial yarns (1) are shown stacked in five layers, but it goes without saying that this should be adjusted according to the required thickness. This situation is the same for the circumferential yarn (2). The number of radial threads (1) participating in the weaving operation is preferably increased in proportion to the weave radius during weaving. For this reason, a special part (I8) is placed on the rotating drum (17) to hold the negative part of the radial yarn (1) as shown in FIG.
) is provided extra.

The radial yarn (1
) is lowered to the radial thread (1) of the weaving section (19) to participate in the weaving operation. Therefore, the bobbin (14) to which the radial thread (1) is attached is provided with a mechanism that slides one row of stacked radial thread bobbins (14) up and down as one body.

In addition, the radial thread (1,) is integrally moved with the mold (11) by a motor (2nd step) around the central axis.
) rotates one pitch at a time. The thread density of the thickness direction yarn (3) is controlled by how many pitches the thickness direction yarn (3) is inserted once. -The right same direction thread (2) is attached to the magnet (
22) or the like at a fixed position. Therefore, the one-rotation drum (17) has grooves (2
3) is cut, and the circumferential thread (2) slides through this groove (23) when the drum (17) rotates.

Thickness direction yarns (3) are woven while performing selvage formation (self-stitching) in the step shown in FIG. 6 (circumferential direction yarns are omitted in this figure). That is, on the upper side of the radial thread (1), the rapier (33) is inserted into the loop (32) of the thickness thread (3) formed by the hook (31).
is raised and inserted (steps from FIG. 6(a) to (b)). Next, the hook (31) is removed, and the thread gap (34) provided in the rapier (33) is used again to
) is hooked and a loop (36) is formed again (
Figure 6(C)). Subsequently, as the rapier (33) descends, the thickness direction yarn (3) removed from the loop (32) is removed.
7) is fixed. This rear radial direction yarn (1) is rotated by one pitch and becomes the state shown in FIG.
38) is inserted, and the weaving section is brought together to the fabric (A) along with this weaving (38). In addition, a offering for making rice balls (38)
is removed, the insertion operation of the thickness direction thread (3) is completed, and the state returns to the initial state.

As mentioned above, the thread density of the radial direction yarn (1) and the thickness direction yarn (3) is determined by controlling the number of radial direction yarns (1) participating in weaving and the weaving frequency of the rapier (33), respectively. Configurable. On the other hand, experiments have revealed that in order to control or equalize the thread density of the circumferential thread (2), it is sufficient to control the tension ratio of the radial thread (1) and the circumferential thread (2). There is. In other words, in order to make the yarn density of the circumferential yarn (2) constant regardless of the weave radius, the radial yarn (2)
The tension of the circumferential thread (2) may be increased in proportion to the weave radius while keeping the tension of the thread (1) constant.

In a weaving experiment with 500 radial yarns (1), carbon fiber roving (12000f) was used, and circumferential yarns (2)
The same thing was done every third rotation of the circumferential thread (2) as in the case where the radial thread (1) was added every time the circumferential thread (1) was inserted and the circumferential thread tension was increased. At this time, in the initial state with a weaving radius of 30 a + m, the tension of the radial yarn (1) and the circumferential yarn (2) were long and 180 g, respectively, and the thickness direction yarn (3) was inserted every pitch. . It has been confirmed in preliminary experiments that this allows yarn pitch of 3.5a+m and uniform density in each direction to be obtained. As a result of trial weaving under the above conditions, in the former case (every 1 rotation), the variation in the density of the circumferential yarn (2) can be suppressed within 5.2%, and in the latter case (every 3 rotations), We were able to keep it down to around 14.6%. Therefore, even if the radial yarn (1) is inserted stepwise to some extent, if a target value for the thread density is set, it is possible to suppress the deviation of the thread density from the target value to within approximately ±lθ%.

In this way, the thread density of the radial and circumferential threads can be adjusted by ±1.
When the content is kept within 0%, a fabric with a very uniform density can be obtained in terms of appearance, and it is also extremely effective in improving the properties of composite materials having three-dimensional curved surfaces. In this embodiment, the yarn density in each direction was set to be equal, but it is also possible to change the density of the circumferential yarn by changing the initial tension of the circumferential yarn.

In the weaving apparatus shown in Fig. 4, the shape of the three-dimensional cloth to be woven is drawn as a part of a spherical surface, but by appropriately selecting the shape of the mold (11) shown in the figure, it can be made into a cone, parabola, cylinder, etc. It is possible to weave a three-dimensional cloth in which the thickness of the shell shape of various rotating bodies can be controlled.6 [Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, a yarn consisting of a radial direction yarn, a circumferential direction yarn, and a thickness direction yarn. Because it is possible to obtain a three-dimensional triaxial shaping fabric with little variation in density, it is possible to obtain a reinforcing material for composite materials that has high rigidity and high strength against axially symmetrical loads, and can be laminated like general composite materials. There is no need to
Furthermore, since the yarn density is uniform, it has excellent thermal structural stability, and is advantageous in that it can be designed in a three-dimensional direction with respect to thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity, 1 elastic modulus, etc.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing the structure of the fabric according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing a typical example of the three-dimensional fabric shape according to the present invention, and Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the weaving method of the fabric. The plan shown in
FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of the weaving device. Figure 5 (a) is a plan view showing the operation of the rotating drum, (b)
6 is a side view thereof, and FIGS. 6(a) to 6(d) are explanatory views showing the method of inserting the thickness direction yarn. In each figure, the same reference numerals indicate the same or corresponding parts, (1)
is a radial direction thread, (2) is a circumferential direction thread, (3) is a thickness direction thread,
(11) is the type, (14), (15), (16)
is a bobbin, and (17) is a rotating drum.

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) Consists of a large number of radial threads extending radially from the center, circumferential threads spirally woven in the circumferential direction, and thickness threads penetrating in the thickness direction, and the radial threads are woven according to the thickness of the woven fabric. A three-dimensional triaxial three-dimensional shaping fabric characterized in that it is stacked in multiple layers in the widthwise direction, and that circumferential yarns and thickness direction yarns penetrate between the radial yarns. (2) Three-dimensional triaxial shaping characterized by rotating the entire radial yarn extending radially from the center and inserting circumferential yarn and thickness direction yarn between them to form a three-dimensional triaxial fabric. Method for manufacturing textiles.