JPH0238933A - Temperature detector - Google Patents
Temperature detectorInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0238933A JPH0238933A JP63190807A JP19080788A JPH0238933A JP H0238933 A JPH0238933 A JP H0238933A JP 63190807 A JP63190807 A JP 63190807A JP 19080788 A JP19080788 A JP 19080788A JP H0238933 A JPH0238933 A JP H0238933A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- pyroelectric
- current
- pyroelectric element
- electrodes
- counter electrodes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003307 Ni-Cd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002003 electrode paste Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野］
この発明は、温度変化を生じる被検知体の温度変化率を
、焦電体の魚雷効果を利用して、電気信号として取出す
、温度検知器に関するものである。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention provides a temperature detector that extracts the rate of temperature change of a detected object, which causes a temperature change, as an electrical signal by using the torpedo effect of a pyroelectric substance. It is related to.
［関連技術の説明］
本件出願人は、先に出願した特願昭６２−１０２４７８
号「温度検知器」 （昭和６２年４月２５日出願）にお
いて、たとえば、Ｎｉ−Ｃｄ電池に代表される２次電池
の充電完了を検知するための検知器として、焦電体の焦
電効果を利用して、充電完了時の電池温度上昇を検知す
るのに適した温度検知器を提案している。この温度検知
器は、第４図に示すような構成を有している。[Description of related technology] The applicant has previously filed patent application No. 102478/1983.
No. ``Temperature Detector'' (filed on April 25, 1986), for example, the pyroelectric effect of a pyroelectric material is used as a detector to detect the completion of charging of a secondary battery such as a Ni-Cd battery. We have proposed a temperature detector suitable for detecting the rise in battery temperature when charging is completed. This temperature sensor has a configuration as shown in FIG.
第４図において、被検知体（図示せず）の温度変化を受
けるように配置された焦電素子１は、被検知体の温度変
化率に相当する大きさの焦電流を発生する。この焦電流
は、電界効果トランジスタ２、ゲート抵抗Ｒｇおよびソ
ース抵抗Ｒｓからなるインピーダンス変換回路によって
電圧信号に変換され、この電圧信号は、Ｖｏｕｔ＠子と
ＧＮＤ端子との間から取出される。In FIG. 4, a pyroelectric element 1 arranged to receive a temperature change of an object to be detected (not shown) generates a pyroelectric current having a magnitude corresponding to the rate of temperature change of the object to be detected. This pyrocurrent is converted into a voltage signal by an impedance conversion circuit consisting of a field effect transistor 2, a gate resistance Rg, and a source resistance Rs, and this voltage signal is taken out from between the Vout@ terminal and the GND terminal.
［発明が解決しようとする課題］
第４図に示すような構成を有する温度検知器において、
検知感度を上げるためには、
■ 焦電素子１の検知面精を大きくする。[Problem to be solved by the invention] In a temperature sensor having a configuration as shown in FIG.
In order to increase the detection sensitivity, ■ Increase the detection surface precision of the pyroelectric element 1.
■ 電界効果トランジスタ２としてドレイン飽和電流の
大きなものを用いる。なぜなら、このドレイン飽和電流
によって、検知電圧レベルが左右されるためである。(2) Use a transistor with a large drain saturation current as the field effect transistor 2. This is because the detected voltage level is influenced by this drain saturation current.
■ 熱結合効率を高める。■ Increase thermal coupling efficiency.
などの方策がある。There are such measures.
しかしながら、上記した方策には、いずれも、解決され
なければならない間居点がある。すなわち、■によれば
、温度検知器が大型化する。■によれば、電界効果トラ
ンジスタ２のドレイン飽和電流のばらつきが大きくなり
、その管理が煩雑となるとともに、ばらつきのためにか
えって検知感度を下げる結果をもたらす場合がある。■
は、焦電素子１の厚みを薄くすることによって達成され
るが、このように厚みを薄くすると、機械的強度が低下
するばかりでなく、 焦電素子１の容量が上がり、応答
性が悪くなる。However, all of the above measures have drawbacks that must be resolved. That is, according to (2), the temperature sensor becomes larger. According to (2), the variation in the drain saturation current of the field effect transistor 2 becomes large, and its management becomes complicated, and the variation may even result in a reduction in detection sensitivity. ■
is achieved by reducing the thickness of the pyroelectric element 1, but reducing the thickness in this way not only reduces the mechanical strength but also increases the capacity of the pyroelectric element 1, resulting in poor response. .
そこで、この発明は、上述した問題点に遭遇することな
く、検知感度が高められた温度検知器を提供しようとす
るものである。Therefore, the present invention aims to provide a temperature sensor with improved detection sensitivity without encountering the above-mentioned problems.
この発明は、温度変化を生じる被検知体の温度変化率を
、焦電体の焦電効果を利用して、電気信号として取出す
、温度検知器に向けられるものであって、前述した関連
技術と同様、被検知体の温度変化を受ける焦電素子と、
前記焦電素子に生じた焦電流を電圧信号に変換する手段
とを備えるものであるが、上述した技術的課題を解決す
るため、次のような構成を備えることが特徴である。The present invention is directed to a temperature sensor that extracts the rate of temperature change of a detected object, which causes a temperature change, as an electrical signal by using the pyroelectric effect of a pyroelectric material, and is in addition to the related technology described above. Similarly, a pyroelectric element that receives temperature changes in the detected object,
The device is equipped with means for converting the pyroelectric current generated in the pyroelectric element into a voltage signal, and is characterized by having the following configuration in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem.
すなわち、前記焦電素子は、複数の焦電材ｆ−１層の積
層構造を有する焦電体と、前記焦電材料層の各々を介し
て互いに対向する複数対の対向電極と、前記対向電極の
交互に位置するものを互いに接続するように前記対向電
極の関連のものに接続される１対の端子電極とを備える
。また、前記焦電流を電圧信号に変換する手段は、ＯＰ
アンプを含む電流−電圧変換回路を備える。That is, the pyroelectric element includes a pyroelectric material having a laminated structure of a plurality of pyroelectric material f-1 layers, a plurality of pairs of counter electrodes facing each other via each of the pyroelectric material layers, and a plurality of pairs of counter electrodes. and a pair of terminal electrodes connected to related ones of the opposing electrodes so as to connect alternately located terminal electrodes to each other. Further, the means for converting the pyroelectric current into a voltage signal includes an OP
A current-voltage conversion circuit including an amplifier is provided.
［発明の作用および効果］
この発明において、焦電素子は、１個の焦電体内に位置
する曳数対の対向電極を有する、いわゆる積層型とされ
る。従って、１ｇの焦電素子において熱を受ける電極の
有効面積が、同じ体積の焦電体を有する従来のものに比
べて、増加する。ところで、所定の温度勾配を印加した
とき、焦電素子から発生する焦電流ｒｐは、次の式で表
わされる。[Operations and Effects of the Invention] In the present invention, the pyroelectric element is of a so-called laminated type having a pair of opposing electrodes located within one pyroelectric element. Therefore, the effective area of the electrode that receives heat in a 1 g pyroelectric element is increased compared to a conventional one having the same volume of pyroelectric body. Incidentally, when a predetermined temperature gradient is applied, the pyroelectric current rp generated from the pyroelectric element is expressed by the following equation.
Ｉ ｐ＝ＰＸｓＸ （ｄＴ／ｄ ｔ）上記式中、Ｐは
焦電材料の焦電係数、Ｓは焦電素子の電極の有効面積、
（ｄＴ／ｄｔ）は温度勾配値である。従って、（ｄＴ／
ｄｔ）およびＰが同一ならば、たとえば、９Ｘ１０ｍｍ
の単層の焦電素子と同一の電極有効面積を得るためには
、３×３ｍｍの対向電極を有する焦電材料層を１０枚積
層すればよいことになる。すなわち、同じ温度勾配値に
対して、同じ焦電流を得ようとする場合には、焦電素子
の小型化を図ることができ、他方、同じ大きさの焦電素
子とした場合には、同じ温度勾配に対して、より大きな
焦電流を得ることができる。また、焦電素子は、積層型
であるので、機械的強度を高めることもできる。I p=PXsX (dT/d t) In the above formula, P is the pyroelectric coefficient of the pyroelectric material, S is the effective area of the electrode of the pyroelectric element,
(dT/dt) is the temperature gradient value. Therefore, (dT/
dt) and P are the same, for example, 9X10mm
In order to obtain the same effective electrode area as a single-layer pyroelectric element, it is sufficient to laminate ten pyroelectric material layers each having a 3×3 mm counter electrode. In other words, when trying to obtain the same pyroelectric current for the same temperature gradient value, the pyroelectric element can be made smaller; on the other hand, when the pyroelectric element is the same size, A larger pyroelectric current can be obtained with respect to temperature gradients. Furthermore, since the pyroelectric element is of a laminated type, its mechanical strength can also be increased.
上述のように、この発明によれば、焦電素子から得られ
る焦電流を大きくすることができるので、前述した先願
において開示された関連技術のように、インピーダンス
変換回路を用いることなく、ＯＰアンプを含む電流−電
圧変換回路によって、焦電流を電圧信号に変換すること
ができる。従って、インピーダンス変換回路のように、
検知電圧レベルが電界効果トランジスタのドレイン飽和
電流に左右されないため、ダイナミックレンジを広くと
ることができる。As described above, according to the present invention, the pyroelectric current obtained from the pyroelectric element can be increased, so unlike the related technology disclosed in the above-mentioned earlier application, the OP A current-to-voltage conversion circuit including an amplifier can convert the pyroelectric current into a voltage signal. Therefore, like an impedance conversion circuit,
Since the detection voltage level is not affected by the drain saturation current of the field effect transistor, a wide dynamic range can be achieved.
［実施例の説明］
第１図は、この発明の一実施例の温度検知器を示す回路
図である。第２図は、第１図に示された焦電素子１１の
構造を示す断面図である。[Description of Embodiment] FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a temperature sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the pyroelectric element 11 shown in FIG.
まず、第２図を参照して、焦電素子１１の構造について
説明する。焦電素子１１は、複数の焦電材料層１２の積
層構造を有する焦電体１３と、焦電材料層１２の各々を
介して互いに対向する複数対の対向電極１４．１５と、
対向電極１４．１５の交互に位置するものを互いに接続
するように対向電極１４．１５の関連のものにそれぞれ
接続される１対の端子電極１６．１７とを備える。すな
わち、一方の端子電極１６は、対をなす一方の対向電極
１４に接続され、他方の対向電極１７は、対をなす他方
の対向電極１５に接続される。このようにして、各対を
なす対向電極１４．１５およびそれらの間に位置する焦
電材料層１２をもって構成された単位素子は、端子電極
１６．１７によって電気的に並列接続される。第１図に
おいて、このような単位素子は、「１８」で示されてい
る。First, the structure of the pyroelectric element 11 will be explained with reference to FIG. The pyroelectric element 11 includes a pyroelectric body 13 having a laminated structure of a plurality of pyroelectric material layers 12, a plurality of pairs of opposing electrodes 14 and 15 facing each other with each of the pyroelectric material layers 12 interposed therebetween,
A pair of terminal electrodes 16.17 are provided, each connected to an associated one of the counter electrodes 14.15 so as to connect alternately located ones of the counter electrodes 14.15 to each other. That is, one terminal electrode 16 is connected to one opposing electrode 14 of the pair, and the other opposing electrode 17 is connected to the other opposing electrode 15 of the pair. In this way, the unit elements constituted by each pair of counter electrodes 14.15 and the pyroelectric material layer 12 located between them are electrically connected in parallel by the terminal electrodes 16.17. In FIG. 1, such a unit element is indicated by "18".
上述した焦電素子１１は、より具体的には、次のように
得ることができる。たとえば、ＰＺＴ焦屯材料に宵機バ
インダと分散剤を混合し、ドクターブレードによってで
シートを成形する。このシートを矩形状にカットし、対
向電極１４．１５となるべきＡｇ−Ｐｄ、ワニスおよび
溶剤からなる電極ペーストをスクリーン印刷する。次に
、これらを積重ねて熱圧着する。そして、これをカット
して、１１００℃〜１２００℃で焼成する。このように
して、まず、対向電極１４．１５を形成した焦電体１３
が得られる。次に、端子電極１６゜１７となるべき銀ペ
ーストを焦電体１３の両端部に塗布し、次いで焼付ける
。その後、適当な直流電界をかけて、焦電体１３の分極
操作を行なう。More specifically, the above-mentioned pyroelectric element 11 can be obtained as follows. For example, a PZT core material is mixed with a binder binder and a dispersant, and a sheet is formed using a doctor blade. This sheet is cut into a rectangular shape, and an electrode paste consisting of Ag--Pd, varnish, and solvent, which will become the counter electrodes 14 and 15, is screen printed. Next, these are stacked and bonded by thermocompression. Then, this is cut and fired at 1100°C to 1200°C. In this way, first, the pyroelectric body 13 on which the counter electrodes 14 and 15 were formed
is obtained. Next, silver paste, which is to become the terminal electrodes 16 and 17, is applied to both ends of the pyroelectric body 13, and then baked. Thereafter, a suitable DC electric field is applied to polarize the pyroelectric body 13.
このようにして、焦電素子１１が得られる。In this way, the pyroelectric element 11 is obtained.
第１図を参照して、焦電素子１１の端子電極１６．１７
は、それぞれ、ＯＰアンプ１９の入力端子に接続される
。ＯＰアンプ１つには、電源として、たとえば＋５Ｖの
電圧が印加される。また、ＯＰアンプ１９の出力端子Ｖ
ｏｕｔと一方の入力端子との間には、帰還抵抗Ｒｆおよ
び帰還容量Ｃｆが接続される。また、ＯＰアンプ１９の
電源端子間には、分圧抵抗Ｒ１，Ｒ２が接続される。こ
のようにして、焦電素子１１において発生した焦電流は
、ＯＰアンプ１９によって電圧信号に変換され、出力端
子Ｖｏｕｔから取出される。With reference to FIG. 1, the terminal electrodes 16 and 17 of the pyroelectric element 11
are connected to the input terminals of the OP amplifier 19, respectively. For example, a voltage of +5V is applied to one OP amplifier as a power supply. In addition, the output terminal V of the OP amplifier 19
A feedback resistor Rf and a feedback capacitor Cf are connected between out and one input terminal. Furthermore, voltage dividing resistors R1 and R2 are connected between the power supply terminals of the OP amplifier 19. In this way, the pyroelectric current generated in the pyroelectric element 11 is converted into a voltage signal by the OP amplifier 19 and taken out from the output terminal Vout.
第１図に示した温度検知器は、たとえば第３図に概略的
に示すように、絶縁基板２０上で組立てられる。すなわ
ち、絶縁基板２０の一方面には、焦電素子１１が実装さ
れ、同じく他方面には、ＯＰアンプ１９、チップコンデ
ンサ２１およびリード端子２２等を含む回路要素が実装
される。この他方面には、図示しないが、抵抗体となる
べき印刷抵抗が形成される。なお、絶縁基板２ｏの一方
面に実装された焦電素子１１と同じく他方面に実装され
た回路要素とは、互いにスルーホール２３を介して電気
的に接続される。The temperature sensor shown in FIG. 1 is assembled on an insulating substrate 20, for example as schematically shown in FIG. That is, the pyroelectric element 11 is mounted on one side of the insulating substrate 20, and circuit elements including an OP amplifier 19, a chip capacitor 21, a lead terminal 22, etc. are mounted on the other side. Although not shown, a printed resistor serving as a resistor is formed on the other surface. Note that the pyroelectric element 11 mounted on one side of the insulating substrate 2o and the circuit element similarly mounted on the other side are electrically connected to each other via the through hole 23.
このように、絶縁基板２０によって、焦電素子１１と他
の回路要素とを分離すれば、焦電素子１１に与えられる
熱的影響を、回路要素に伝わることを有利に防ｆヒでき
る。なお、絶縁基板２ｏとしては、たとえばアルミナ基
板のほが、ポリイミド系樹脂からなるフレキシブル基板
を用いてもよい。By separating the pyroelectric element 11 and other circuit elements by the insulating substrate 20 in this way, it is possible to advantageously prevent the thermal influence exerted on the pyroelectric element 11 from being transmitted to the circuit elements. Note that as the insulating substrate 2o, for example, an alumina substrate or a flexible substrate made of polyimide resin may be used.
さらに、防湿対策として、第３図に示した構造物を樹脂
コーティングしてもよい。Furthermore, as a moisture-proof measure, the structure shown in FIG. 3 may be coated with a resin.
第１図は、この発明の一実施例の温度検知器を示す回路
図である。第２図は、第１図に示した魚雷素子１１の具
体的構造を示す断面図である。第３図は、第１図に示し
た温度検知器の具体的構造を示す正面図である。第４図
は、この発明にとって関連ある先願において開示された
温度検知器を示す回路図である。
図において、１１は焦７ｉ！素子、１２は焦電材料層、
１３は焦電体、１４．１５は対向電極、１６゜１７は端
子電極、１９はＯＰアンプである。
第１
図
ｆ
第３
図FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a temperature sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a specific structure of the torpedo element 11 shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a front view showing the specific structure of the temperature sensor shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a temperature sensor disclosed in a prior application related to the present invention. In the figure, 11 is Jiao 7i! element, 12 is a pyroelectric material layer;
13 is a pyroelectric body, 14, 15 is a counter electrode, 16° and 17 are terminal electrodes, and 19 is an OP amplifier. Figure 1 f Figure 3
Claims (1)
電効果を利用して、電気信号として取出す、温度検知器
であって、 被検知体の温度変化を受ける焦電素子と、 前記焦電素子に生じた焦電流を電圧信号に変換する手段
と、 を備え、 前記焦電素子は、複数の焦電材料層の積層構造を有する
焦電体と、前記焦電材料層の各々を介して互いに対向す
る複数対の対向電極と、前記対向電極の交互に位置する
ものを互いに接続するように前記対向電極の関連のもの
にそれぞれ接続される１対の端子電極とを備え、 前記焦電流を電圧信号に変換する手段は、ＯＰアンプを
含む電流−電圧変換回路を備える、ことを特徴とする、
温度検知器。[Scope of Claims] A temperature sensor that extracts the rate of temperature change of a detected object that causes a temperature change as an electrical signal by using the pyroelectric effect of a pyroelectric material, a pyroelectric element that receives the pyroelectric current, and a means for converting the pyroelectric current generated in the pyroelectric element into a voltage signal; a plurality of pairs of opposing electrodes that face each other through each of the pyroelectric material layers; and a pair of terminals each connected to a related one of the opposing electrodes so as to connect alternately located opposing electrodes to each other. an electrode, and the means for converting the pyroelectric current into a voltage signal includes a current-voltage conversion circuit including an OP amplifier,
Temperature detector.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63190807A JPH0758228B2 (en) | 1988-07-29 | 1988-07-29 | Temperature detector |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63190807A JPH0758228B2 (en) | 1988-07-29 | 1988-07-29 | Temperature detector |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0238933A true JPH0238933A (en) | 1990-02-08 |
| JPH0758228B2 JPH0758228B2 (en) | 1995-06-21 |
Family
ID=16264075
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63190807A Expired - Lifetime JPH0758228B2 (en) | 1988-07-29 | 1988-07-29 | Temperature detector |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0758228B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011141509A1 (en) * | 2010-05-12 | 2011-11-17 | Pyreos Ltd. | Pin-compatible infrared light detector having improved thermal stability |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS51107879A (en) * | 1975-02-18 | 1976-09-24 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg |
-
1988
- 1988-07-29 JP JP63190807A patent/JPH0758228B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS51107879A (en) * | 1975-02-18 | 1976-09-24 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011141509A1 (en) * | 2010-05-12 | 2011-11-17 | Pyreos Ltd. | Pin-compatible infrared light detector having improved thermal stability |
| CN103109167A (en) * | 2010-05-12 | 2013-05-15 | 派洛斯有限公司 | Pin-compatible infrared light detector having improved thermal stability |
| US8878131B2 (en) | 2010-05-12 | 2014-11-04 | Pyreos Ltd. | Pin-compatible infrared light detector having improved thermal stability |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0758228B2 (en) | 1995-06-21 |
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