JPH02311896A - Musical note converting device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To convert event data of MIDI, etc., into note data which can be printed and to output them on a printer as a musical score by providing a converting means which finds print data showing note shapes and their print positions from determines notes and their pitches. CONSTITUTION:This device is equipped with a note determining means M1 which determines a note and its pitch according to operation code data of a musical instrument that event data for electronic musical instrument control contains and the time interval of the operation code data and the converting means M2 which finds print data indicating the note shape and its print position from the determined note and its pitch. Therefore, a musical score is obtained from the event data obtained by operating a musical instrument. Consequently, even a player who can not write a score can prepare a score automatically by indicating the score conversion of the data only after his or her performance.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention is applicable to, for example, MID, which is one of the communication systems for electronic musical instruments.
The present invention relates to a note converting device that converts event data such as I to note data for printing musical scores.

[Prior art] Conventional MID, which is a unified standard for communication procedures for electronic musical instruments
I (Musical Instrument Di
For example, the keyboard 1 is configured to output an event data signal including operation code data representing the operation of each key when a key is operated. When this event data signal is received by another musical instrument, that musical instrument produces the same sound as if the operation represented by the data had been performed on that musical instrument, based on the operation code data in the event data signal. For this reason, it is recommended to record the event data output during performance on a floppy disk, etc. (fL
There is no deterioration in sound quality during playback, and the same playback as when playing is always possible.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, this recording itself is simply recorded in the same data structure as the event data during the performance so that it can be reproduced magnetically or electrically. Therefore, when a performer wants to present a piece of music he or she has composed to the general public, unless it can be represented in a musical score, it cannot be played on anything other than a MIDI-compatible instrument. For this reason, people who can perform but cannot write musical scores (no matter how good a piece of music you compose, if it is not expressed in musical scores, it will not be widely performed and will not be able to entertain people).

Furthermore, even if you try to use the arrangement in various ways, there will be a big difference in the usability depending on whether you have the sheet music or not.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and is based on MID
It is an object of the present invention to provide a musical note conversion device that can convert event data such as I into printable musical note data and output it as a musical score using a printer or the like.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, a note conversion device (above) of the present invention is provided.
As illustrated in FIG. 1, the corresponding note and its height are determined based on the musical instrument operating code data included in the event data for controlling the electronic musical instrument and the time interval between the operating code data. The present invention is characterized by comprising a determining means M1, and a converting means M2 for obtaining print data representing the shape of the note and its printing position from the determined note and its height.

[Operation] In order to represent sounds with musical notes on a musical score, it is essential to determine the pitch and duration. The pitch is determined by detecting the operation code data in the event data. The length of a note is determined by calculating the time from the time when the operation code data representing the start of the operation is detected to the time when the operation code data representing the end of the operation is detected during the performance. Therefore, the shape (type) of the note is determined from this note length, and the print position of the note (the height of the note) is determined.

[Example] Hereinafter, a first example of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 2 shows a MIDI sequencer 1 as an embodiment, and this MIDI sequencer 1 is equipped with a floppy disk unit 3, a liquid crystal display (LCD) 5, a group of keys 7, and a printing section 9 inside. The floppy disk unit 3 is a floppy disk 1 as a recording medium: a device for recording and storing performance information including event data and its time data according to recording needs, and further reproducing the recorded performance information. It is. A floppy disk is inserted into the insertion slot 3a to be set for storage and playback. This (a) Access lamp 3b indicating storage/playback and eject button 3C for ejecting the floppy disk.
are also provided.

The printing unit 9 includes a roll paper 9a for printing, and in response to a menu selection input from the key group 7, performs performance information stored as code data in a MIDI sequencer and outputs it as a musical score 9b.

Furthermore, MIDI sequencer 1 [upper keyboard 11 and MIDI
This device is connected by a DI signal cable 13.15, receives event data from the keyboard 11, and stores it as performance information together with the time it is counting. Furthermore, the event data included in the stored performance information,
It is possible to output to the keyboard 11 and other musical instruments at the timing of the time stored at the same time, and it is possible to make the keyboard 11 and other musical instruments produce sound at the same time.

Note that the keyboard 11 once inputs event data from the MIDI sequencer 1 and then distributes it to other musical instruments via the rear terminal TR. Electrical protection MIDI signal cable 13, 151. t. It can be extended to connect other different instruments. Therefore, it is possible to obtain event data from a plurality of instruments and record it together with the time as performance information, and output the event data to the other plurality of instruments according to the time to cause them to produce sound.

FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of the signal processing system.

MIDI sequencer 1 (tll, CPU 1 a%
It is equipped with a ROM 1b, a RAM 1c, and a timer 1d, and is configured as a digital computer.

The printing unit 9 includes a printer controller 9C1 and a print head 9.
d and a platen motor 9e. The printer controller 9C responds to instructions from the CPU 1a,
Drive the print head 9d and platen motor 9e,
A musical score is printed on a printing roll paper 9a and discharged to the outside.

Furthermore, the MIDI sequencer 1 (top) has a floppy disk controller le that drives and controls the floppy disk unit 3, and an LCD controller 1f that drives and controls the LCD 5.
, an interface 1g that can input and output sequential event data, and an interface 1h for inputting from the key group 7. Between these is pass line 1
1, various signals are transmitted.

Similarly, the keyboard 11 also includes a CPU 11a, a ROM 11b,
It is equipped with a RAM 11c and a timer 1]d, and is configured as a digital computer. It further includes a sound source 11e for converting digital event data into an analog audio signal, an amplifier llf for amplifying the audio signal, and a speaker 11g for generating sound.Furthermore, an interface lli for a key 11h is provided. It also includes an interface llj that can input and output sequential event data. Between these is a pass line llk
Various signals are transmitted by.

The processing executed by the CPU 1a of the MIDI sequencer 1 up to the printing of the musical score will be explained based on the flowcharts shown in FIGS. 4 to 6. Note that the keyboard 11 can perform automatic performance processing by inputting normal performance processing event data and output processing of event data obtained as a result of performance processing, but these are well-known processes. Details are omitted.

Processing of MIDI sequencer 1 Memory processing (Figure 4)
is started by the selection operation of key group 7, the current event data is first transferred from interface 1g to RAM 1.
It is determined whether the input is in the buffer in c (
S110). If there is no input, this process ends once, executes other processes, then returns to this process again, and returns to step 511.
Execute 0 again. In this way, it waits for a signal input. Event data is input 1fS and the data is RA
The information is sequentially stored in a portion provided as a record track in M1c (S120). Note that when storing, time data is also stored in the record track together with the event data at regular intervals.

The event data input from the MIDI signal cable 15 has a structure as shown in FIG. 7, for example. That is, 3
Data whose unit is a byte (if the first byte data B1 is consecutively the same, two bytes of the second byte data B2 and third byte data B3 may be taken as one unit).
is input. Actually, a start bit and a stop bit are added to each byte, but they are omitted here.

The first byte data B1 indicates that it is a status byte because the most significant seventh bit B1-7 is "1", and the second and third byte data B2. B3 is data byte B2.B3 because the seventh bit B2-7.83-7 is "0". It shows that it is B3.

Status byte B1, (t,, 6th bit B1-6~
□ The 3 bits of the 4th bit B1-4 indicate the type of status, and the 3rd bit B1-3 to the 0th bit 81-0
The four bits indicate the channel (identification code data). That is, 8 types of status can be distinguished from the status byte 81, and 66 types of channels can be distinguished. As a status (top rooOJ (
The binary number) represents "r note off (key release operation in the case of the keyboard 11)", and rooIJ represents "note on (key press operation in the case of the keyboard 11)". Other statuses include polyphonic key pressure, control change, and program change. Also, the channel is roooOJ~rll
llJ (binary number) represents channels "1" to N6J (decimal number).

For example, the bit of status byte B1 is [100100
004 or 1'L The status type is "note on", its channel is "]", and the data byte B2 immediately after is 12 in "note on".
It shows one of eight types of note numbers (pitch), and data byte B3 shows one of its 128 types of velocity (sound intensity).

The 6th bit B1-6 to the 4th bit B1-4 of this byte data Bl and the lower 7 bits of each of the byte data 82 and 83 (6th bit B2-6 to 0th bit B2-o, 6th bit
Bits B5-6 to 0th pit B5-0) correspond to operation code data.

FIG. 8 shows a state in which the event data is stored in the record track as performance information. In this figure, each unit of data is represented by a different row. To the performance information rFEJ in the first and last rows indicates the division of the entire performance information, and rFFJ in each row indicates the division of event data groups for each time unit. C rF8J in each line represents time data, and the following 3 bytes represent absolute time. [9
0J and the following 2 bytes represent one unit of each event data [2, as mentioned above (r90J indicates note-on of channel 1, the following 2 bytes of 9) The first 1st byte represents the note number, and the next The second byte represents the velocity.However, if the second byte is "oO" (upper
Represents a note-off operation. In the figure, the columns marked with "*" are expressed in decimal numbers, and the other columns are expressed in hexadecimal numbers.

Next, FIG. 5 shows the process of quantizing the performance information stored in the record track as described above. Here quantization and (
In order to determine the shortest note length and make it possible to express the performance with notes of longer note length (:, this is a process that corrects the time data of the performance information in advance.Actual performances by humans (
This is because music is never played with the exact length expressed in notes, so converting performance information directly into notes would require extremely short notes that are not normally used, which would be impractical.

When this process starts, the setting of the note level is first required. The menu determines whether the shortest note is a quarter note, eighth note, or sixteenth note, and whether an eighth note triplet is required (S210) Next, performance information is read in unit units. (S220). First 1: rF8
oo oo 02 90 64 7F FFJ
is loaded.

Next, it is determined whether the data has ended based on the read contents (S230). Since the read data is not rFEJ, the time data therein is then searched (S240). Since the data is represented by the 3 bytes after "F8", the time data is read into the work area.

Step 521 determines whether or not this time data needs to be corrected.
Judgment is made based on the note level set in 0 (S
250).

For example, if the note level is longer than a 16th note and the length is 8
Assuming that a minute triplet is added, the last two digits of the time (decimal number) should be one of the values shown in Table 1 below, depending on each note.

Accordingly, in step 5250, if the last two digits of the time data deviate from the values in Table 1, search for time data. Change to the closest value in Table 1 (S260),
The last two digits are values in the range r00J to [95J, and when counting, the next digit after "95" is digitized to "00."

For example, the time data in the second line of Figure 8 is "0000".
02J・1? Yes, the last two digits "o2" are not in Table 1.
Therefore, the time data in the second line closest to “o2” is “00
", and roo 00 02J is roo 00
Corrected to 00J. Also, the third line is roo 00
95J, but the closest one to "95" is roOJ with a lower digit, so [Oo 00 95J It
roo 01 00J l: Corrected. In this way, by repeating the processing of steps 5220-8260,
The 4th line is corrected to "000147". The 5th line matches Table 1, so it is left as is. After that, the process is repeated and the process ends when the tag data is completed (S230).
. In this way, the data in FIG. 8 is rewritten into performance information in which all time data completely matches the data in Table 1, as shown in FIG. The meaning of the U*J mark is the same as in FIG.

Next, the musical score printing process shown in FIG. 6 is performed using this corrected data. First, when the process starts, the scale symbol and beat symbol at the beginning of the musical score are printed. For example, the treble clef and rC(4/4)J (S310). Subsequently, data for one event is read (S320). For example, "9064 7FJ" in the second line of Figure 9 is read into the work area.If this data is not rFEJ (S
330), then it is determined whether the data is note-on data or not (5340), and if it is not note-on data, the note-on pointer is advanced and the process is executed again from (S320). If the value of the third byte is a value other than "OO", it is determined to be note-on, and if it is "00", it is determined to be note-off.

If it is note-on data, the note number, ie, the value "64" of the second byte, is set to the variable N secured at a predetermined address in the RAM 1c (S350). Next, the time of the unit that contains this event data is the variable T
It is set to a (S360). In this case, roo
It is 00 00J.

Next, it is determined whether Ta-Tb)TO (S370)
. Here, Tb is initially set to roo.

000" is set, and the TO is normally set to the shortest note (or rest) length set in OJ or the note level setting (8210) in Figure 5. This is to determine the existence of a rest. If the determination is affirmative, it is assumed that a rest exists, and Ta-Tb
A rest is determined from the value of , the pattern is read from the ROM 1b, outputted to the printing unit 9 side, and printed on the printing roll paper 9a (S380).Next, it is determined whether or not to print a dividing line for each measure. If it is determined that it is the end of a measure (S390), a separator line is printed (3400). Since one measure is equal to four quarter notes, time Ta is equal to the length r of four quarter notes.
Determine whether it is an integer multiple of oo 04 00J,
If it is an integer multiple, a separator line will be printed as the end of the measure.

Furthermore, read data for the next one event (S410)
, The next data is "90 6400" in the third row. It is determined whether this data is note-off (S420). Since the third byte is "00",
An affirmative determination is made here, and then it is determined whether the note number (second byte) matches N (S43
0), and in step 5350, N is set to [64J, so they match. Therefore, the process moves on to the next step, but unless a negative determination is made in steps 5420 and 5430 (by advancing the note-off pointer (S440
), the next event data is read (S410), and the process is repeated until the above determination (S420, 5430) is satisfied.

If satisfied, the time data of the unit to which the event data belongs is set to Tb (S450);
That is, the time data roo 0100J in the third row.

Next, since the length of the note can be determined from the value of Tb-Ta, the type of note can be determined (S460). Further, the note number N represents the pitch.

Therefore, the print data is determined by this. In this case, Tb-T
a=roo O100J -roo 0
000J = roo 01 00J. Therefore, this time length corresponds to one quarter note, and its pitch is "
64" corresponds to "Mi" of scale C3, the printing pattern data including the staff on which the quarter note is located at that height is outputted to the printing section 9 (S470). Next, step 84
80. At 490, it is determined whether the bar separation line is printed. This process is the same as steps 5390 and 5400, so the explanation will be omitted.

Next, the note-on pointer is advanced (ssoo), and then the note-off pointer is set next to the note-on pointer (S510).

In other words, if there is note-on data for a predetermined note number (pitch), the corresponding note-off data is searched, and by converting the time difference into the type of note, the note and its pitch are determined, and the printing pattern is determined. .

For example, the second event data in the third row “9065 7F
Since J is note-on data, corresponding note-off data is searched for.

The corresponding data is r90 65 00J in the fourth row, and the difference in time data between them is T b −T a (ro
o 01 47J-roo 01 00J=rOO0
047J), it turns out to be an eighth note.
60), 8 of pitch r65J (“F” of scale C3)
A diacritic mark is printed (S470).

Also, the time when the eighth note in the fourth line ended is “0O0147
The note-on data after J is the note-on data r90 67 7FJ on the 5th line, and the time Ta "Oo O
200'' and the above time Tb roo 01 47J (7) The difference is rOOOO49'', which is found to be the length of an eighth rest, so an eighth rest is printed (8380).

When the last 11th line ends, time Tb=[)0 07
00J, and here the data is rFEJ, so an affirmative determination is made in step 5330, and then T
It is determined whether E-Tb>TO (S520). Here, TE is the end time of a measure that is greater than or equal to Tb and is closest to Tb, and TO is the same as the above-mentioned TO. Since the time at the end of the bar is an integer multiple of "000400", the time that is greater than or equal to Tb and closest to Tb is roo 08 00J.

Therefore, the difference is roo 01 00J. Since the answer in step 5520 is affirmative and this length is the length of a quarter rest, a quarter rest is printed (S 530
). Finally, print the ending separator line (S 54
0) Finish.

When the performance data shown in FIG. 9 is printed in this manner, a musical score as shown in FIG. 10 is obtained.

In the above performance information, all the event data are "90", that is, channel "1" for the instrument to distinguish.
I printed one musical score using all the event data that was set to ``, but when multiple channels were included (fS), the event data was read only for the data of the desired channel. By doing this, it is possible to print the musical score for each channel.

In the above example, all the event data was stored in the record track and then converted into musical notes, but every time event data is input, the time interval between note-on and note-off is measured. The process shown in the figure may be performed. In this case, since quantization processing cannot be performed in advance, the note with the closest time interval data may be selected.

FIG. 11 shows a musical note conversion device 2 as a second embodiment of the present invention.
This embodiment differs from the MIDI sequencer 1 of the first embodiment (there is no floppy disk unit and related components, only a group of keys 21).
a and an LCD 21b externally, and upon receiving an event signal from the MIDI signal input terminal 21c, the internal computer mechanism executes the processes shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, and outputs the musical score 21d from the built-in printing section 23. The point is that it is configured as a single device.

FIG. 12 shows a third embodiment of the present invention. This example
The keyboard 31 has a built-in musical note conversion device. In addition to the normal functions as the keyboard 31 (the keyboard 31 performs instructions from the keyboard group 31a and the LCD 31b to execute the processes shown in FIGS. 4 to 6), the built-in printing section 33 prints the musical score 35. It is configured so that it can be output.

Here, the CPU 1a and the ROM 1b are the note determining means M1.
and conversion means M2. Mainly step 5460 stored in ROM 1b and executed by CPLJ 1a
, 5470 corresponds to the processing of the note determining means M1, and the processing of step 5470 mainly corresponds to the processing of the converting means M2.
This corresponds to the treatment as

弗”■p Tobushi! As detailed above, in the present invention, a musical score can be obtained from event data obtained by operating a musical instrument. Therefore, even performers who cannot write musical scores can instruct the conversion of the data to a musical score after playing. You can automatically create sheet music just by

Therefore, when the musical score is read by the player, other M
Musical instruments that do not have communication means such as IDI can be played, and can be enjoyed by a wide range of people.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a basic illustration of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the MIDI sequencer of the first embodiment and the state of connection with a keyboard and other musical instruments. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the MIDI sequencer. FIG. 4 is an event diagram. A flowchart of data storage processing, FIG. 5 is a flowchart of data quantization processing,
Figure 6 is a flowchart of the event data printing process.
Figure 7 shows the structure of event data. Figure 8 shows the state in which event data is stored as performance information along with time data. Figure 9 shows the state of performance information after quantization. Figure 10 shows how it is stored in musical notes. 11 shows the external appearance of the note converting device of the second embodiment. FIG. 12 shows the external appearance of the keyboard of the third embodiment. Ml...Note confirmation means M2...Conversion means 1-
MIDI sequencer 1a...CPU1b...R
OM lc...RAM9.23.33...Printing section 11.31...Keyboard 21...Note conversion device 9b, 21d, 35...Music score 81-B3...Byte data (operation code data and identification code data)

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Note determination that determines the corresponding note and its height based on the musical instrument operation code data included in the event data for controlling the electronic musical instrument and the time interval between the operation code data. A musical note converting device comprising: means; and converting means for obtaining print data representing the shape of the note and its printing position from the determined note and its height.