JPH02308890A - Working fluid - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a flame-retardant or incombustible working fluid composed of a specific chloropentafluoropropane and a specific dichlorofluoroethane and having extremely low ozonosphere-destruction property, low solubility to polymeric compounds and excellent coefficient of performance. CONSTITUTION:The objective working fluid is composed of (A) 99-35% (preferably 99-45%) of 1-chloro-1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane and/or 3-chloro-1,1,1,2,2- pentafluoropropane and (B) 1-65% (preferably 1-55%) of 1,1-dichloro-1- fluoroethane. The fluid is used in a freezer, heat-pump, etc.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to working fluids used in refrigerators, heat pumps, etc.

In this specification, "%" means "% by weight".

BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, as working fluids or refrigerants, chlorofluorohydrocarbons, fluorohydrocarbons, azeotropic compositions thereof, and compositions in the vicinity thereof have been known. These are called fluorocarbons or fluorocarbon-based refrigerants, and currently, trichlorofluoromethane (Freon-11), dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon-12), etc. are mainly used as refrigerants for refrigerators. However, in recent years, certain types of CFCs have been shown to deplete the stratospheric ozone layer when released into the atmosphere.
As a result, it has been pointed out that this has a serious negative impact on the earth's ecosystem, including humans. Therefore, consumption and production of fluorocarbons, which have a high possibility of depleting the ozone layer, have been regulated by international agreements. Freon-11 is a type of fluorocarbon that is subject to regulation. Regulations on the consumption and production of fluorocarbons, whose demand is increasing every year with the spread of refrigeration and air conditioning equipment, have a major impact on the living environment and all of today's social institutions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new refrigerants that have no or low risk of causing ozone depletion problems.

1-
Chloro-1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane (Freon-235fa), 3-chloro-1,1,2,2
- The use of pentafluoropropane (Freon-235cb) is also considered, but since these have a low coefficient of performance, it is practically desirable to develop a working fluid with better performance.

Furthermore, the use of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (Freon-141b) has been proposed, but since it is flammable, there is a risk of fire if it leaks. .

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventor has conducted various studies in order to obtain a new refrigerant that has a small effect on the ozone layer even when released into the atmosphere. As a result, a composition consisting of a combination of specific compounds not only meets the requirements for the above objectives, but also has a practically sufficient coefficient of performance and is flame retardant or noncombustible. I discovered that. Furthermore, we have also discovered that this composition has excellent properties as a working fluid for heat pumps.

That is, the present invention provides a working fluid having the following composition: (1) (I) 1-chloro-1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane and 3-chloro-1 ,1゜1.2
．． A small amount of 2-pentafluoropropane (both one type and (I)
I) 1. A working fluid consisting of 1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane.

■99-35% of at least one compound of (I) and (I)
Claim 1 consisting of 1 to 65% of the compound I)
The working fluid described in section.

■ A small amount of the compound (I) (99-45% of one type) and (I)
Claim 2 consisting of 1 to 55% of the compound I)
The working fluid described in section.

In the working fluid of the present invention, (1) (I) 1-chloro-1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane (Freon-235fa) and 3-chloroo-1°1.1,2.
2-Pentafluoropropane (Freon-23.5cb)
and at least one of (II) 1゜1-dichloro-1-
It is essential to use it together with fluoroethane (Freon-141b). The blending ratio of compound (I) and compound (IF) is usually based on the total weight of the same components.
: (II) -99 to 35%: about 1 to 65%.

If the proportion of compound (I) exceeds 99%, the desired improvement in the coefficient of performance will not be achieved sufficiently. On the other hand, the compound (
If the ratio of I) is less than 35%, the working fluid becomes highly flammable and is impractical. In particular, the blending ratio is ゛, (
I): (II) = 99 to 45%: A range of 1 to 55% is more preferable because it is nonflammable. Further, a more preferable composition of the compound as the working fluid of the present invention is a combination of Freon-235cb and Freon-141b.

Note that a stabilizer can be used in combination with the working fluid of the present invention, if necessary. That is, when a high degree of stability is required under harsh usage conditions, epoxides such as propylene oxide, 1,2-butylene oxide, and glycidol; phosphors such as dimethyl phosphite, diisopropylphosphite, and diphenyl phosphite are phytes; thiophosphites such as trilauryl trithiophosphite; phosphine sulfides such as triphenoxyphosphine sulfide and trimethylphosphine sulfide; boron such as boric acid, triethylborate, triphenylborate, phenylboronic acid, and diphenylboronic acid Compounds: Phenols such as 2゜6-di-tert-butylpara-cresol, thymol, butylhydroxyanisole; Nitroalkanes such as nitromethane and nitroethane; Alkenyl group-containing such as 1,4-hexadiene, isoprene, isopropenyltoluene, and alloocimene Compounds; Acrylic esters such as methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate; Benzotriazoles such as hydroxyphenylbenzotriazole and 2-(3',5°-di-t-butyl-2'-bitroxyphenyl)benzotriazole Class: Other dioxane, te
A stabilizer such as rt-butanol or pentaerythritol can be added in an amount of about 0.01 to 5% of the weight of the working fluid.

Effects of the Invention The compounds used in the present invention are relatively easily decomposed and are easily decomposed before reaching the ozone layer, so the risk of causing ozone depletion problems is extremely low.

Further, since the working fluid of the present invention has low solubility in polymer compounds, it can be used as is without changing the materials in existing refrigeration equipment, heating equipment, etc.

Furthermore, the coefficient of performance of the working fluid of the present invention is superior to that obtained when the components are used alone.

Furthermore, the working fluid of the present invention is flame retardant or noncombustible, so it is highly practical.

EXAMPLES Examples and comparative examples are shown below to further clarify the characteristics of the present invention.

Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1 (I) Freon-235cb and (
II) In a 1 horsepower compressor that uses a composition consisting of Freon-141b as a refrigerant, the condensation temperature of the refrigerant in the condenser is 30°C, the evaporation temperature is -15°C, and the condenser supercooling degree is 5°C. , drove.

Table 1 shows the refrigeration capacity [kcal/m3] and the coefficient of performance.

Table 1 also shows the results when Freon-235cb was used as Mira refrigerant.

Table 1 Refrigerant composition Refrigeration capacity Coefficient of performance I/II (kcal/m3) Comparative example 1 10010 33. 9 4. 94 Example 1 9515 33.8 4.952 8
0/20 33.4 4. 983 60/40
3B, 1 5. 034 40/60
33. 0 5. 09 Examples 5 to 8 and Comparative Example 2 (I) Freon-235cb and (
II) In a 1 horsepower compressor that uses a composition consisting of Freon-141b as a refrigerant, the condensation temperature of the refrigerant in the condenser is 40°C, the evaporation temperature is 5°C, and the condenser supercooling degree is 5°C, I drove.

Table 2 shows the refrigeration capacity [kcal/rn3] and the results section.
Show the number.

Table 2 Refrigerant composition Refrigeration capacity Coefficient of performance I/II (kcal/m3) Comparative example 2 10010 87. 0 7. 19 Example 59515 86. 5 7. 196 8
0/20 85. 1 7. 227 60/4
0 83. 6 7. 278 40/60
82. 3 7. 31 Examples 9 to 12 and Comparative Example 3 (I) Freon-235cb and (
IF) 1 using a composition consisting of Freon-141b
The Umanoj compressor was operated with the refrigerant condensation temperature in the condenser set at 100°C1, the evaporation temperature at 50-10-°C, and the condenser supercooling degree at 5°C.

Table 3 shows the heating capacity [kcal/m3] and the coefficient of performance.

Table 3 Refrigerant composition Heating capacity Coefficient of performance I/II (kcal/m3) Comparative example 3 10010 374 6. 18 Example 9 9515 372 6.2010 8
0/20 368 6. 2611 60/4
0 364 6. 3212 40/60
360 6. 38 (or more)

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) (I) 1-chloro-1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane and 3-chloro-1,1,1,2
, 2-pentafluoropropane and (I
I) A working fluid consisting of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane. (2) 99-35% of at least one compound of (I)
The working fluid according to claim 1, comprising 1 to 65% of the compound (II). (3) 99-45% of at least one compound of (I)
The working fluid according to claim 2, comprising 1 to 55% of the compound (II).