JPH0230422Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Field of industrial application] The present invention is a device for recovering compost or soil improvement materials from municipal waste and other various wastes that have been dumped in landfills and subjected to natural fermentation treatment for a long period of time. It is related to.

[Prior art]

Common methods for disposing of waste include incineration, high-speed composting, and landfilling. Of these,
Incineration and high-speed composting require equipment, and landfilling increases the amount of waste that can be used, especially in urban areas, where the amount of waste generated increases with the concentration of population. becomes shorter,
Requires new land.

[Problem that the invention attempts to solve]

However, when waste is incinerated or high-speed composted, it is not only necessary to have equipment for this purpose, but also to take measures against bad odors, sewage, noise, etc. In addition, when carrying out land reclamation, there are many restrictions on the location of land in the suburbs of cities, and even if new land is acquired, large amounts of land are generated every day in areas far away from cities. Transporting large volumes of waste to remote areas requires transportation costs, which is also a problem for city finances.

In order to solve these problems, the present invention provides a device that recovers compost or soil improvement material from waste that has been subjected to natural fermentation treatment at a landfill site, allowing existing landfill sites to be used rationally over a long period of time. The purpose is to

[Means for solving problems]

In order to achieve the above objectives, the inventors of this invention have conducted repeated research and found that waste dumped in landfills, etc. undergoes natural anaerobic and aerobic fermentation over a long period of time, and organic matter is decomposed. , it has been stabilized, and the volume has been significantly reduced compared to the original one during this long treatment period, confirming that the landfill can be regarded as a fermentation treatment process. This idea was arrived at based on the knowledge obtained.

The present invention is a device for excavating waste that has been dumped in a landfill and subjected to natural fermentation treatment, and recovering compost from the excavated material, including a receiving section that receives the excavated material, and a receiving section that receives the excavated material. A sieving device that sieves the excavated materials, a bucket crane that supplies the excavated materials received in the receiving section to the sieving device, and fine particles and coarse particles sieved by the sieving device, respectively. Consisting of a fine particle storage section and a coarse particle storage section,
This compost recovery device from a landfill is characterized in that each of these component parts can be disassembled and assembled.

〔Example〕

To explain an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings, in Figs. 1 to 3, a structure 1 is an excavation of waste (hereinafter referred to as "raw material") that has been subjected to natural fermentation treatment in a landfill (not shown). a receiving section 2 that receives objects;
A sieving device 3 that separates the raw materials received in the receiving section 2, a transfer device 4 that supplies the raw materials in the receiving section 2 to the sieving device 3, and a fine particle storage that stores the raw materials separated by the sieving device. It consists of a section 5 and a coarse particle storage section 6.

The receiving section 2 is designed so that a loading device such as a loading truck can enter and exit, and the sieving device 3 is installed above the fine particle storage section 5, and the coarse particles remaining on the sieve are stored in the coarse particle storage section. A discharge port 8 for discharging into the section 6 and an opening/closing mechanism 9 for the discharge port 8 are provided. Further, the transfer device 4 is
It has a running beam 11 that runs on a rail 10 laid on the top of the structure and a bucket crane 12 that is installed on it so that it can move freely, and supplies the raw material in the receiving section 2 to the sieving device 3. It has a function of transferring stored materials such as the fine particle storage section 5 and the coarse particle storage section 6 to the unloading truck 13 and the like.

Furthermore, each of the constituent parts constituting the structure 1 is assembled by bolting or the like, and can be disassembled and assembled.

In the figure, 14 indicates the machine side operation panel.

Then, after several years have elapsed since being filled in the landfill, the raw material that has naturally fermented, decomposed, and stabilized is excavated and transported to the receiving section 2 by the delivery truck 7 or the like and temporarily stored therein. Next, the raw material in the receiving section 2 is lifted up by a bucket crane 12 and supplied to the sieving device 3 by the traversing of the bucket crane 12 and the traveling of the traveling beam 11 . The raw material supplied to the sieving device 3 is separated into fine particles and coarse particles, and the fine particles are stored in the fine particle storage section 5 and used as compost or soil improvement material, or in some cases as construction material. Since it is also used as a loader, it is carried out by a shovel loader (not shown) or the carry-out truck 13, and the fine particles are directly carried out by the carry-out truck 13.
When the fine particles are used as compost, further sieving may be required.

On the other hand, coarse particles mainly consisting of plastics, stones, and other non-decomposable materials remaining on the sieve of the sieving device 3 are
The operation is continued until the sieving performance deteriorates, and the opening/closing mechanism 9 periodically opens the discharge port 8 and the coarse particles are stored in the coarse particle storage section 6. The coarse particles are periodically transported to a discharge truck 13 by a bucket crane 12 or the like, and transported to a new landfill, volume reduction and solidification treatment plant, incineration plant, or the like.

In gravel sorting equipment, there is almost no need to consider adhesion to the sieve surface because even if gravel contains water, it is surface water, but compost recovered from a landfill is treated as internal water. Since it contains water, if the moisture content of the compost exceeds 40%, it will be necessary to install a sieve surface adhesion prevention device or adhesion removal device.

In this way, raw materials that have been stored in a landfill for several years are excavated and compost or soil improvement materials are recovered, and then the waste is dumped again into the excavated space, and this is sequentially carried out in a cycle of several years. By repeating this process, it is possible to prolong the use of the landfill.

An example of the procedure for recovering compost or soil improvement material from the above-mentioned landfill is shown in the block diagram of FIG.

Each of the above-mentioned components is assembled with bolts, etc., and can be disassembled and reassembled, so after operation for a certain period of time, it can be disassembled, transported to another waste landfill, reassembled, and operated again. Can be done.

Furthermore, the examples shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 show the sieving device 3
This shows an embodiment of the present invention in which a selective crushing and sorting device 20 driven by a drive device 19 is used. and a supply device 1 connected to the supply port 21 of the selective crushing and sorting device 20.
7 is provided. In this case, the raw material excavated from the landfill is put into the supply hopper 15, quantified by the load leveling device 16, and then supplied by the supply device 17 to the supply port 21 of the selective crushing and sorting device 20, where it is used as compost or soil improvement material. It is divided into fine particles such as plastics and coarse particles that do not decompose such as plastics. By using this selective crushing and sorting device 20, plastic bags and the like are broken, so the recovery rate of fine particles can be increased and the amount of foreign substances can be reduced compared to vibrating sieves and the like.

FIGS. 7 to 9 show preferred embodiments of the selective crushing and sorting device 20, which has a raw material supply port 21 at one end,
A discharge port 22 is provided at the lower part of the other end, and a cylindrical screen 23 having a drum-like structure and having a screen having a large number of small holes on the circumferential surface and having protrusions 24 on the inner surface is arranged between these. The cylindrical screen 23 has guide rings 3 provided at both ends.
8, 38' as well as the support roller 39 (8th
It is rotatably supported on a sprocket wheel 40 and rotated by a chain 46 drive from an external drive device 41. Furthermore, in the supply port 21 part and the discharge port 22 part,
The outside of the cylindrical screen 23 is equipped with a crushed material cover 44 and a crushed material chute 45, and bearings 34, 34' are provided on the outside of the casings 42, 43, and between them A main shaft 26 is supported. These bearings are preferably of the self-aligning type.

Further, the main shafts 26 are each driven separately by another drive device 49 via a pulley 35.
Around the main shaft 26, a winding prevention plate 27 is attached with bolts or the like to prevent wires or strings from wrapping around the main shaft 26, and the outside of the winding prevention plate 27 is A plate 25 is attached and held so that there is a gap C between its tip and the protrusion 24.

Note that a triangular guide portion 52 is provided so that the outer diameter of the inner edge of the passage 28 formed between one scraper plate 25 and the next scraper plate 25 gradually increases toward the discharge port 22. . In the figure, 36 is an inclined feeding blade;
64 is a dam plate, and 65 and 65' are end plates.

Furthermore, anti-scattering covers 70 and 70' are provided in the gaps between the casings 42 and 43 formed at the supply port 21 and the discharge port 22 and the crushed material cover 44 on the outside of the cylindrical screen 23, respectively.
Further, in the gaps between the casings 42, 43 and the crushed material chute 45 outside the cylindrical screen 23, anti-scattering chutes 71, 71' are provided, respectively.

However, to explain its operation, the drive device 41
Through the chain 46 and sprocket wheel 40, the cylindrical screen 23 and the guide ring 3 are connected.
8 and 38' rotate together, while the main shaft 2
6 is rotated by a pulley 35, the speed of which is different from the speed of the cylindrical screen 23.

In this way, the raw material thrown from the supply port 21 enters the casing 42 and is fed by the screw action while being given rotational motion by the feed vanes 36, and when it enters the inside of the cylindrical screen 23, it is rotated by the wrapping prevention plate 27. Move forward while being given motion. At this time, the raw material is subjected to impact and shear by the scraping plate 25 and the projections 24, and is crushed into particles or pieces, which pass through the holes of the screen 23, fall into the crushed material chute 45, and are discharged. What remains inside is further sent in the axial direction, passes through the dam plate 64, enters the casing 43, and is discharged from the discharge port 22.

In this way, the raw materials are crushed, separated, and taken out, but the scattered materials from the gap between the casings 42, 43 and the crushed material cover 44 on the outside of the screen 23 are captured by the anti-scattering covers 70, 70'. casing 4 to prevent it from scattering to the outside.
2, 43 and the crushed material chute 45 are prevented from scattering to the outside by the scattering prevention chute 71, 71'.
It is discharged from 71'.

Note that the anti-scattering chutes 71 and 71' are arranged so that the anti-scattering chute 71 is assembled on the shattered material chute 45 and the anti-scattering chute 71' is collected on the shredded material chute 45 or the discharge port 22, as shown in the illustrated example. This is a preferred embodiment because it simplifies the transportation line for scattered objects and reduces the equipment area.

Furthermore, since the scattering prevention chute 71' in which the sprocket wheel 40 for driving the cylindrical screen 23 is located also serves as a cover for the chain 46, a passage opening H for the chain 46 is provided as shown in FIG. A sealing device is required for the part. As the sealing device, a contact type sealing mechanism using a rubber plate, a brush, etc. is employed, but since the chain 46 vibrates and has a high speed, it is difficult to achieve complete sealing. For this reason, if a driving sprocket wheel 40 or the like is provided on the supply port 21 side, dust particles that are difficult to seal often leak from the passage hole H of the chain 46 and scatter.

Incidentally, in such a sorting device, there is a characteristic that most of the powder-like raw material is discharged through the holes of the screen 23 in the first half, and is not sent to the discharge port 22 section. According to the inventors' observations, when municipal waste is crushed and sorted, it was observed that plastic waste with large particle size was scattered from the gap near the discharge port 22, and there was no powder-like waste. . Therefore, by positioning a drive transmission part such as a drive sprocket wheel 40 on the side of the discharge port 22, the passage port H of the chain 46 can be easily sealed with a sealing mechanism such as a rubber plate or a brush. be able to.

Therefore, if a rotating cylindrical screen type selective crushing and sorting device as shown in FIGS. 7 to 9 is used, fine particles are mainly sent to the crushed material chute 45.
Then, undecomposed coarse particles such as plastics are discharged from the outlet 2.
It can be separated into 2.

FIG. 10 shows a preferred embodiment of a compost refining device for further refining the separated fine particles into compost, and is a rotary screen type sorting machine similar to the selective crushing and sorting device shown in FIG. In FIG. 10, parts corresponding to those in FIG. 7 are given the same numbers, but some parts have slightly different specific dimensions due to differences in the objects to be processed, so the different parts will be described below.

The diameter of the numerous openings provided in the cylindrical screen 23 in FIG. 10 is in the range of 3 to 8 mm, more preferably in the range of 5 to 7 mm.
5 is desirably in the range of 5 to 20 mm. Also,
The shape of this scraper plate 25 does not require a triangular guide portion 52, unlike the case shown in FIG.

Therefore, the fine particles sorted by the selective crushing and sorting device are brought to the supply port 21 of this compost refining device, the purified compost components are taken out from the crushed material chute 45, and glass, porcelain, etc. Foreign matter such as the above is taken out from the discharge port 22.

[Effect of idea]

As described above, according to the present invention, some municipal waste, etc., undergoes natural anaerobic and aerobic fermentation while being stored in a landfill for a long period of time, decomposing and stabilizing organic matter, and reducing the volume. It is possible to excavate and collect usable materials from the excavated space, and to use the excavated space again for landfill storage of municipal waste, etc., to ensure long-term use of the landfill, and it is also possible to disassemble and reassemble. After compost is collected from one landfill site, it can be disassembled, transported to other desired landfill sites, reassembled, and then recovered, and if each existing landfill site is used appropriately, those sites already meet the location requirements. Because of this, pollution prevention measures have been significantly reduced, and piles of garbage that are concentrated in one place and piled up to a height of 30 to 50 meters have been reduced not only in Japan but also in large cities in Southeast Asia. This can greatly contribute to solving problems related to the disposal of municipal waste, etc.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is an overall plan view showing one embodiment, FIG. 2 is a view taken along arrow A-A in FIG. 1, and FIG. -B arrow view,
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an example of the operating procedure, and FIG. 5 is a partial plan view showing another embodiment.
6 is a view taken along the line C-C in FIG. 5, FIG. 7 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing an example of the selective crushing and sorting device, FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line - in FIG. 7, and FIG. FIG. 7 is an explanatory cross-sectional view taken along the - line in FIG. 7, and FIG. 10 is an explanatory longitudinal cross-sectional view showing an example of a compost refining apparatus. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Structure, 2... Receiving part, 3... Sieving device, 4... Transfer device, 5... Fine particle storage part, 6...
...Coarse particle storage section, 7... Carrying-in truck, 8... Discharge port, 9... Opening/closing mechanism, 10... Rail, 11...
...Travelling beam, 12...Bucket crane, 13...
Unloading truck, 14... Machine side operation panel, 15... Supply hopper, 16... Load leveling device, 17... Supply device, 19... Drive device, 20... Selective crushing and sorting device, 21... Supply port, 22...Exhaust port, 23...
Cylindrical screen, 24... Protrusion, 25... Scraping plate, 26... Main shaft, 27... Winding prevention plate, 28
... Passage, 34, 34'... Bearing, 35... Pulley, 36... Feed vane, 38, 38'... Guide ring, 39... Support roller, 40... Sprocket wheel, 41... Drive device , 42, 43...
...Casing, 44...Crushed material cover, 45...
Crushed material chute, 46... Chain, 49... Drive device, 52... Guidance section, 64... Damming section,
65, 65'... End plate, 70, 70'...
...Shatterproof cover, 71, 71'...Shatterproof chute.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claim for Utility Model Registration] (1) A device for excavating waste that has been dumped in a landfill and undergoing natural fermentation treatment, and recovering compost from the excavated material, which is a receiving device that receives the excavated material. a sifting device that sieves the excavated materials received in the receiving section, a bucket crane that supplies the excavated materials received in the receiving section to the sifting device, and fine particles sieved by the sifting device. Compost recovery from a landfill, comprising a fine-grain storage section and a coarse-grain storage section that store granular materials and coarse-grain materials, respectively, and is characterized in that each of these component parts can be disassembled and assembled. Device. (2) The compost recovery device from a landfill according to claim 1, wherein the sieving device is a selective crushing and sorting device.