JPH0225842A - Three-dimensional photographing device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain natural stereoscopic effect owing to which a viewer feels little fatigued at the time of reproducing a video by setting a pair of photographing lenses which accompany image pickup means corresponding to the respective lenses so that a distance between them can be freely varied and the respective optical axes thereof can be made to rock in terms of direction. CONSTITUTION:The image pickup device on a right side 3R is a solid state image pickup element which receives an image formed by the photographing lens on a right side 2R and converts it into a specified video signal. A photographing lens device on a left side 1L is constituted of the photographing lens on a left side 2L and the image pickup device on a left side 3L which receives the image formed by said lens 2L. In a pair of photographing lens devices 1R and 1L, the distance between the lenses 2R and 2L can be freely varied by respectively controlling the rocking of a pair of supporting arms 4R and 4L in a main body 5 and an angle made by the optical axes of the respective photographing lenses 2R and 2L, that is, a congestion angle, can be adjusted. Thus, the natural stereoscopic video which makes the viewer feel little fatigued at the time of reproducing the video can be photographed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A. Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a three-dimensional photographing device for photographing images reproduced with a three-dimensional effect.

B1 Summary of the Invention The present invention provides a three-dimensional photographing device including a pair of photographing lenses supported movably with respect to each other and in the direction of their respective optical axes, and a three-dimensional photographing device arranged in correspondence with the pair of photographing lenses. By providing a pair of imaging means, it is possible to adjust the distance between the optical axes of the pair of photographic lenses and the convergence angle formed by each optical axis according to the focal length of the photographic lenses and the distance to the subject. This makes it possible to capture stereoscopic images that produce a natural stereoscopic effect that matches the human stereoscopic viewing mechanism and reduces viewer fatigue during reproduction.

C1 Prior Art Conventionally, three-dimensional photographing apparatuses have been proposed which are configured to simultaneously photograph a negative subject from two different directions.

Such a three-dimensional imaging device, for example, as shown in FIG.
0111. l0LL and this pair of photographic lenses 1011
11. It includes a pair of right and left imaging devices 10211 and 102L, which are a pair of imaging means arranged corresponding to 10IL. The above pair of photographic lenses 101m, 101+,
are arranged so that their optical axes are parallel to each other, and the distance II between the mutual optical axes (i.e., the distance between lenses) indicated by d1 in FIG. 6 is about the distance between human eyes, for example. ing. The pair of image pickup devices 1021 and 102L include various types of photographic film, picture tubes, and solid-state image pickup devices (CCI).
) etc., each of which receives an image formed by a corresponding photographic lens, records this image, or converts it into a predetermined signal.

When reproducing an image photographed by such a three-dimensional photographing device, the pair of photographing lenses 10II1. l0I
L and the pair of imaging devices 102m.

The two images obtained by the 102mm are superimposed and reproduced, and one of these two images is made to reach only the right eye of the viewer, and the other is made to reach only the left eye of the viewer. This gives a three-dimensional effect to the viewer. In this way, in order to ensure that the superimposed images are viewed only by the viewer's right or left eye, respectively,
By forming each image using linearly polarized light in directions orthogonal to each other, and using an optical device such as a polarizing filter that selectively transmits only light in a predetermined polarization direction corresponding to the right eye and left eye. realizable. Or 2 above
For example, a shutter device using a liquid crystal panel that alternately opens and closes two images in synchronization with the alternation period of the two images corresponding to the right eye and the left eye, etc. This can be achieved by using .

In this three-dimensional imaging device, as shown in Fig. 6,
The pair of photographic lenses 1011. Principal point Pat of l0IL
pt, (hereinafter referred to as the right principal point p position and the left principal point pi), the object OD at a position indicated by d2 in FIG. The right eye image iIl of the object OD is formed on the extension line connecting the object OD and the right principal point p, and in the left imaging device 102L, the left eye image 11 of the object Oo is formed on the extension line connecting the object OD and the right principal point p. It is formed on an extension line connecting the above-mentioned right principal point PL.

Here, a line connecting the right-hand principal point pm+ and the object OD, indicated by θ in FIG. 6, the left-hand principal point pt, and the object O
The angle formed with the line connecting D, that is, the parallax angle θ, is the distance between the lenses d! is determined by the subject distance d2. For the subject O1 whose subject distance is infinite, the parallax angle is zero, and the right eye image I11 of this subject at 0°
．． ．． and left eye image IL (D is each of the above-mentioned photographing lenses 101m.

It is formed on the optical axis of 101L.

In order to reproduce the images obtained by the respective imaging devices 102m and 102+, as shown in FIG.
3, when the images obtained by the respective imaging devices 102 and 102L are superimposed and reproduced, the distance between the right eye image iR and the left eye image iL is indicated by d@ in FIG. They are at predetermined intervals. When the images superimposed in this way are viewed with both eyes, the right eye image iR is viewed only with the right eye eII+, and the left eye image IL is viewed with the right eye eII+.
By being visually recognized only by IeL, the image 'in of the subject OD is located at the intersection of the straight line connecting the right eye image i11 and the right eye ell and the straight line connecting the left eye image 1b and the left eye 61°. You can get a three-dimensional effect as if it were formed in

In addition, in reproducing the image obtained by the three-dimensional imaging device as described above, as shown in FIG. 7, the subject 0. .

The right eye image 1*ae and the left eye image IL6+1 are placed in a state where they overlap with each other. This can be easily done by reproducing the two images obtained by the imaging devices 11f1021 and 102L in a state in which the images of the object O, whose object distance is infinite, overlap each other. This is because it is possible to maintain accurate positional relationships.

For example, for distant scenery where the subject distance is infinite, the above-mentioned imaging means 102 and 102+ are used.

Since the two images obtained by this are identical to each other, they are visually recognized as existing in the 1st place of the image reproduction device 103 where the image is actually reproduced.

D1 Problem to be Solved by the Invention By the way, in the above-mentioned three-dimensional photographing device, the angle of view of each photographing lens is, for example, about 40° to 50°, like the so-called standard lens. When photographing a subject ranging from a close view to a distant view, where the subject distance is, for example, about 3 meters or more, a good stereoscopic image can be photographed.

However, in recent years, three-dimensional imaging devices are required to obtain good stereoscopic images not only under the above-mentioned imaging conditions but also under so-called close-up photography and so-called telephoto photography.

When close-up photography is performed using the above-mentioned three-dimensional photographing device, the parallax angle shown by θ in Fig. 6 increases as the object distance decreases, and in reproducing the obtained image,
The distance between the right eye image and the left eye image indicated by d3 in FIG. 7 increases. Then, the parallax angle between the viewer's eyes of this reproduced image becomes a very large angle, causing fatigue in both eyes. This is because the user is forced to perform eyeball movements similar to those for viewing objects at close range, which are not performed when viewing objects with the naked eye. The movement of the eyeballs in this case is a so-called movement of adjusting the radial angle, and is a movement of directing the optical axis of each eyeball inward by an angle corresponding to the parallax angle of both eyes.

Furthermore, when telephoto shooting is performed using the above-mentioned three-dimensional imaging device, the parallax angle shown by θ in Fig. 6 becomes small, and when reproducing the obtained image, the right eye shown by d3 in Fig. 7 The distance between the image for the left eye and the image for the left eye becomes smaller. Then, the parallax angle between the viewer's eyes of this reproduced image becomes approximately the same as the parallax angle when viewing an image of an object at an infinite distance, and a three-dimensional effect cannot be obtained. .

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is proposed in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and is a three-dimensional object that provides a natural three-dimensional effect with less fatigue for the viewer during reproduction under all shooting conditions, including close-up water shadows and telephoto shooting. The purpose is to provide a three-dimensional photographing device that can photograph images.

and a pair of imaging means.

F9 Effect In the three-dimensional photographing device according to the present invention, the pair of photographic lenses, together with the corresponding imaging means, are movable in distance from each other and can be swung in the direction of their optical axes. By freely adjusting the parallax angle and the convergence angle of the photographing lens during photographing, the distance between the right eye image and the left eye image during image reproduction can be set to an appropriate distance regardless of the subject distance. can.

80 Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above-mentioned problems and achieve the above-mentioned objects, a three-dimensional imaging device according to the present invention is provided with a three-dimensional imaging device that is supported so that the distance between them can be moved and that the respective optical axis directions can be oscillated. A pair of photographing lenses supported movably, and a lens G disposed corresponding to the pair of photographing lenses to receive an image formed by the corresponding photographing lenses. An example will be explained with reference to the drawings.

The three-dimensional imaging device according to the present invention, as shown in FIG.
It has a pair of photographing lens devices 1m and IL on the right and left sides that are configured similarly to each other.

The right side photographing lens device 1m is a device for photographing an image to be reproduced as a right-only image, and serves as an imaging means for receiving an image formed by the right side photographing lens 2II and the right side photographing lens 211. A right-side imaging device 3 is disposed within the lens barrel.

The right photographing lens 2R is constructed by combining a plurality of predetermined lenses. The two right-side photographing lenses include a so-called diaphragm mechanism that adjusts the amount of light passing through the right-side photographic lens 2R, a focus adjustment mechanism that adjusts the image plane by moving it in the optical axis direction, and a so-called focal point tJ4, and this right-side photographing lens. A so-called zoom mechanism for variably adjusting the focal length of the lens 21I is attached, and these aperture mechanism, focus adjustment mechanism, and zoom mechanism are driven by a drive device within the lens device such as a motor provided corresponding to each mechanism. M+
, and the adjusted state is detected by a position detection device provided corresponding to each mechanism.

The right side imaging device 31I includes the right side photographing lens 2I+
This is a so-called COD (solid-state optical image device) that receives an image formed by the oscilloscope and converts it into a predetermined video signal.

The left-side photographing lens device IL is a device for photographing an image to be reproduced as a left-eye image, and is configured similarly to the right-side photographing lens device IR. That is, this left-side photographing lens device IL is configured such that a left-side photographing lens 2 and the like and a left-side image pickup device 3 serving as an imaging means for receiving an image formed by this left-side photographing lens 2L are arranged in a lens barrel. has been done. Above left photographing lens 2L
is constructed in the same manner as the right-hand photographing lens 2, and the left-hand imaging device 3L is similar to the right-hand imaging device 3R.

These pair of right and left photographing lens devices IR2IL
is supported by the main body 5 of the three-dimensional imaging device by a pair of support arms 411.4L on the right and left sides corresponding to each other. Then, the pair of photographic lens devices 111. on the right and left sides. IL is 1 in Figure 2! , o and 2 in Figure 3! As shown in FIG.
The distance between the lenses, 4t, and 4t is controlled to swing relative to the main body 5, so that the distance between them, that is, the distance between the lenses, can be varied. Further, the pair of photographic lens devices Ill, IL have corresponding support arms 4m, 41. It is supported so that it can swing freely against the
As shown by the dashed line in FIG.
However, the angle formed by the optical axis of 2L, that is, the convergence angle, can be adjusted. the pair of support arms 4i;
4L with respect to the main body 5 and the corresponding support arm 41 of the pair of photographic lens devices 1m+, Il.
．． The angles relative to the support arms 4L are respectively driven and adjusted by arm drive devices MA such as motors, and the adjusted angles are detected by angle detection devices provided corresponding to the support arms 41I and 4L.

Further, the main body 5 is provided with a pair of right and left finder devices 6R and 6L, each of which has a built-in image display means such as a small CRT.

The video signals obtained by the pair of imaging devices 31.3L are sent to the video processing device 7 built into the main body 5, as shown in FIG. This video processing device 7 performs predetermined signal processing on the sent video signal, and the signal processing device (C
PU) 8, a recording device 9, a video output terminal 10, and the pair of finder devices 6R and 6L. The signal processing performed in the video processing device 7 means, for example, that the right video signal SR obtained by the right imaging device 3m and the left video signal SL obtained by the left imaging device 3L are processed at 1/30 second or 1/60 second. The left video signal SR and right video signal S+ may be outputted alternately at a predetermined period such as seconds, or the left video signal SR and the right video signal S+ may be output independently from corresponding output terminals.

The right side finder device 6 has the right side video signal S.
The right finder device 6R displays the image being photographed by the right photographing lens device I11. Similarly, the left side video signal SL is sent to the left side finder device 6L.
displays the image being photographed by the left photographing lens device IL.

Therefore, this pair of finder devices 61.6+.

When viewed with the corresponding right and left eyes,
It is possible to visually recognize the image being photographed with the same stereoscopic effect as when the two images photographed by the photographing lens devices 1m and IL are reproduced and viewed.

The recording device 9 is a device that records and/or reproduces the video signal sent from the video processing device 7 onto a recording medium such as a magnetic tape, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and supports and sends the recording medium. It is comprised of a device for operating (or rotating) a head device (or a pickup device) for writing and/or reading information signals to and from the recording medium. Note that when this recording device plays back a video that has already been shot, the video signal to be played is transferred to the video processing device 7.
The video signal can be outputted from the video output terminal 10 via the video output terminal 1O, and this video signal is sent to the pair of finder devices F6m, 6c to be outputted from the finder devices F6-. It can be displayed using 6L.

The CPU 8 detects out-of-focus and light amount (signal level) of the video signal sent from the video processing device 7, and controls the driving device ML in the lens device based on this detection. , focus adjustment and aperture adjustment are performed for the main subject in the image obtained by each of the photographic lens devices 1 and 2L. By performing this focus axis, the distance from this three-dimensional photographing device to the main subject, that is, the subject distance is determined. As this main subject, it is possible to select an object located in the center of the image, the closest object in the image, the brightest object in the image, or a moving object in the image. can. Note that focus adjustment is performed using the pair of finder devices 611.6+ mentioned above.
It can also be done manually based on the images displayed by .

Further, the CPU 8 includes each of the photographic lens devices 11.1 and 11.1.
A position detection device provided corresponding to each adjustment mechanism of L, an angle detection device provided corresponding to each of the support arms 4 and 4c, a mode selection device 11, and a data processing device 12.
The distance between the lenses and the convergence angle are controlled and adjusted by driving and controlling the arm driving device M^ based on the control signal sent from the arm driving device M^.

The mode selection device 11 is a device for performing a selection operation between an automatic shooting mode in which a general reflection mode, a telephoto shooting mode, a close-up shooting mode, etc. are selected, and a manual shooting mode. A plurality of operation buttons and switches are provided for selecting various shooting conditions. The mode selection device 11 then generates a control signal according to the operation of the operation button, switch, etc., and sends it to the CPU 8.

The data processing device 12 is a device for exchanging data regarding various conditions for photographing with the CPU 8. Conditions for shooting include, for example, the type of light source illuminating the subject and the above-mentioned shooting lenses 2*.
, 2L focal length, etc. Based on these data, the cpus controls the image processing device 7 to adjust so-called color balance, white balance, etc., and also controls the driving device M+ in the lens device of each of the photographic lens devices IR and IL. and each of the above photographic lenses 2
Kiln, 21. The data processing device 12 is also provided with information from the CPU 8 on the pair of photographic lenses 11 . Data indicating the focal length, aperture value, etc. of the IL is sent, and these data are displayed by the display device 13 connected to this data processing device 12 and the pair of finder devices 6R16L.

In the three-dimensional imaging device according to the present invention configured as described above, when the automatic imaging mode is selected by operating the mode selection device 11, each of the imaging lenses 2
When the angle of view of 11.2L is equal to or greater than that of a so-called standard lens, that is,
For example, when it is about 40° or more, the CPU 8 selects the -general imaging mode.

In this general side shadow mode, each of the photographing lenses 21
The distance between the respective principal points pIl and pt of 1.2L, that is, the distance between the lenses, is approximately equal to the distance between the human eyes, which is shown as 12 m in FIG. 5, for example, about 65 m. Then, the optical axis A1. The convergence angle φ formed by AL is the lens opening M
ttn, and the focal point tI! indicated by DH in FIG. It is adjusted according to the subject distance determined by the clause. This adjustment is, as shown in Figure 5, jan (ψ/2)"J!N/2ON"" (first equation)
Therefore, each of the optical axes Am,
At, are arranged to intersect at the object OF.

Furthermore, when the focal length of each of the photographing lenses 2* and 2+ is changed to a long focal length side by a so-called zoom mechanism, the distance between the lenses changes according to the focal length, as shown by l in FIG. The size is gradually increased and the telephoto shooting mode is established. In this case as well, the convergence angle is determined in the same manner as in the general shooting mode based on the distance between the lenses and the subject distance, and the optical axes Am and Ab are made to intersect at the subject 0P. Ru. In addition, the minimum value φ and ■ of the above-mentioned convergence angle are set in advance, and the above-mentioned convergence angle φ
does not fall below this minimum value φeatm, and the relationship between the convergence angle ψ, the inter-lens distance, and the subject distance is maintained as shown in the first equation, then As the subject distance increases, the distance between the lenses is gradually increased.

Then, as the object OP approaches the three-dimensional imaging device and the object distance becomes shorter, the convergence angle φ gradually increases. At this time, the maximum value ψ-rumor of this convergence angle is set in advance so that the above-mentioned convergence angle ψ does not exceed this maximum value φm1sss, and as shown in the first equation above, the above-mentioned If the relationship between the angle of convergence ψ and the distance between the lenses and the distance between the lenses is maintained, the distance between the lenses will decrease as the object distance becomes shorter, as shown by Iln in FIG. It gradually becomes shorter and the macro photography mode is activated.

In this way, in the automatic shooting mode, even if the focal length of each of the photographing lenses 21=, 2L and the subject distance are changed, the inter-lens distance and the convergence angle are changed according to the changes. The CPU 8 automatically adjusts the optical axes Am and AL so that they intersect at the main object OF. Therefore, the main subject OF
The images of the above-mentioned lifting and wounding devices 3m do not depend on the focal length of each of the above-mentioned photographing lenses 211.2L and the above-mentioned subject distance.

3 and the optical axis At corresponding to this lift device 31.3L.

It is formed at the intersection with A, .

In order to reproduce the video shot as described above,
Each of the above-mentioned photographic lens devices 11. The images obtained by LL are superimposed on each other, and the image obtained by the right-side photographing lens device IIl is viewed only by the right eye of the viewer, and the image obtained by the left-side photographing lens device 1b is viewed by the viewer's left eye. Be visible only to the eye. In order to make the superimposed images visible only to the viewer's right or left eye, each image is formed using linearly polarized light in directions perpendicular to each other, as described above. Using an optical device such as a predetermined polarizing filter, or a shutter using, for example, a liquid crystal plate that alternately reproduces the above two images at a predetermined period and opens and closes alternately in synchronization with the alternating period of the two images. A device or the like may be used.

In the image taken by this three-dimensional photographing device by selecting the automatic photographing mode, the image of the main subject depends on the focal length of each photographing lens 21.2L and the subject distance. First, the image is reproduced at approximately the center position of each image for the right eye and for the left eye. Therefore, when reproducing images, the parallax angle for the main subject is always maintained at approximately the same level, and the convergence angle of the viewer's eyeballs is widened (not changed) to reduce fatigue and improve the image quality. It is possible to reproduce images that give a natural three-dimensional effect centered on the position being reproduced.

In addition, in this three-dimensional photographing device, if the manual mode is selected, the distance between the lenses and the convergence angle can be freely adjusted, so that the three-dimensional effect intended by the photographer can be freely reproduced. The video you give can be taken. That is, each of the optical axes Ai and AL is connected to the object O.
By making sure that they intersect at a point closer or farther than the object OF, instead of intersecting at F,
The convergence angle of the viewer's eyeballs when the image is reproduced can be set to a desired angle, and various 3D effects can be created that differ from the 3D effect obtained by the actual distance from this 3D imaging device to the subject OP. You can shoot images that give you a feeling.

Note that the three-dimensional imaging device according to the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be modified as appropriate. The configuration for making the angle formed by the lens unit variable is not limited to the configuration shown in the above-described embodiments, and the pair of photographic lens devices is supported by a rail-shaped member and is moved along the rail-shaped member. It may also be configured to slide.

Further, the imaging means is not limited to an imaging device such as a CCD as shown in the above-mentioned embodiments, and various types of photographic or motion picture film coated with a light-sensitive material may be used. .

H0 Effects of the Invention As described above, in the three-dimensional photographing device according to the present invention, the pair of photographing lenses are provided with respective imaging means, and the distance between them is movable, and the optical axis of each lens is movable. The direction can be freely swung.

Therefore, by freely adjusting the parallax angle during shooting and the convergence angle of the shooting lens, the distance between the right-only image and the left-eye image during image reproduction can be adjusted to improve human stereoscopic vision, regardless of the subject distance. The distance can be set to an appropriate distance that matches the mechanism.

That is, the present invention can provide a three-dimensional photographing device capable of photographing a three-dimensional image that provides a natural three-dimensional effect with less fatigue for the viewer during reproduction under all single-shadow conditions, including close-up photography and telephoto photography. It is something.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing the appearance of a three-dimensional photographing device according to the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view showing a state in which the distance between the pair of photographic lens devices is widened and an angle formed by the optical axes of the pair of photographic lens devices is changed in the three-dimensional photographing device. FIG. 5 is a plan view, and 4rg is a block diagram showing the configuration of the three-dimensional photographing device.
The figure is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a conventional three-dimensional photographing device, and FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view showing a state in which an image obtained by the conventional three-dimensional photographing device is reproduced. 21I...Right side photographing lens 2L...Left side photographing lens 3II...Right side imaging device 3L...Left side imaging device 41...Right side support Arm 4L...Left side support arm 5...Body

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) A pair of photographic lenses supported movably at a distance from each other and swingably supported in the direction of their respective optical axes; A three-dimensional photographing device comprising a pair of imaging means for receiving an image formed by a photographing lens. (2) A drive device that adjusts and drives an interval between a pair of photographic lenses and an optical axis direction of each of the pair of photographic lenses, and a signal processing device that controls the drive device, the signal processing device , by controlling each of the above drive devices,
The three-dimensional photographing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the pair of photographing lenses and the direction of the optical axis of the pair of photographing lenses are controlled in accordance with the distance to the subject. (3) The three-dimensional photographing apparatus according to claim (2), wherein the distance to the subject is determined by a signal processing device from a signal based on an image obtained by a photographing lens.