JPH0222547A - Coating damage detecting method for external surface coated hollow material - Google Patents
Coating damage detecting method for external surface coated hollow materialInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0222547A JPH0222547A JP17202188A JP17202188A JPH0222547A JP H0222547 A JPH0222547 A JP H0222547A JP 17202188 A JP17202188 A JP 17202188A JP 17202188 A JP17202188 A JP 17202188A JP H0222547 A JPH0222547 A JP H0222547A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- damage
- heater
- hollow material
- temperature
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000011796 hollow space material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004441 surface measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［産業上の利用分野］
この発明は、海洋構造物を海面上に支える支柱など水中
に設置した外面被覆中空材の被覆損傷を検出する方法に
関するものであるや
［従来の技術］
海中に半沈水状態に設置して、海洋構造物を海面状に支
える支柱として、スチールパイプ等の外面にポリエチレ
ン等の樹脂を施した外面被覆中空材が使用されている。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a method for detecting damage to the outer covering of hollow members installed underwater, such as columns supporting marine structures above the sea surface. [Technology] Externally coated hollow materials such as steel pipes coated with resin such as polyethylene are used as supports that are installed semi-submerged in the sea and support marine structures at sea level.
このような外面被覆中空材は使用中に被覆の損傷を受け
るため、被覆の損傷状況を検査する必要がある。Since such an externally coated hollow member is damaged during use, it is necessary to inspect the damage to the sheath.
被覆の損傷状況を検査する場合、外面被覆中空材の海面
上にある部分については、目視により検査が可能である
。しかし、海中にある部分および海面付近の波しぶきが
かかるスプラッシュゾーンの部分（一般に水面付近の水
の流動により水しぶきがかかる部分）については、目視
により検査するのは困難である。このため、スプラッシ
ュゾーン下の部分（スプラッシュゾーンおよび海中にあ
る部分）については、中空材の内面側から検査すること
が必要になる。When inspecting the state of damage to the coating, it is possible to visually inspect the portion of the outer coating hollow material that is above the sea surface. However, it is difficult to visually inspect parts that are underwater and splash zone parts that are exposed to wave spray near the sea surface (generally parts that are sprayed by water flowing near the water surface). For this reason, it is necessary to inspect the part below the splash zone (the part in the splash zone and in the sea) from the inner surface of the hollow member.
一般に、中空材の内面側から外面の損傷状況を検査可能
な方法としては、超音波厚さ計を用いて中空材の厚みを
測定することにより、外面の損傷を検出する方法がある
。しかし、超音波厚さ計により外面被覆中空材の被覆の
損傷を検出する方法では、次のような問題点がある。Generally, as a method for inspecting damage to the outer surface of a hollow member from the inner side, there is a method of detecting damage to the outer surface by measuring the thickness of the hollow member using an ultrasonic thickness gauge. However, the method of detecting damage to the coating of an externally coated hollow material using an ultrasonic thickness gauge has the following problems.
（１）中空材の壁が一層からなる場合に、外面の損傷を
内面側から検出することは比較的容易にできるが、外面
被覆中空材のように壁が複層からなる場合に、その外面
の被覆の損傷を内面側から検出することは容易でない。(1) When the wall of a hollow material is made of one layer, it is relatively easy to detect damage to the outer surface from the inner surface, but when the wall is made of multiple layers such as an externally covered hollow material, It is not easy to detect damage to the coating from the inside surface.
（２）点での検出になるために、外面被覆中空材の所要
箇所全体を検査するのに、多大な労力と時間とを要する
。(2) Since the detection is performed at a single point, it takes a great deal of effort and time to inspect all the required parts of the outer-covered hollow material.
（３）一般の超音波厚さ計の場合、探触子と対象面との
間に接触媒体が必要とされるが、その接触ｉｓ体の供給
、後処理を中空材内で行なうことは、かなり大変な作業
になる。(3) In the case of a general ultrasonic thickness gauge, a contact medium is required between the probe and the target surface, but supplying and post-processing the contact medium within the hollow material is It will be quite a difficult task.
（４）探触子を対象面に対し正しい姿勢に保持する必要
度が高いが、その保持機構が一般に大型、複雑になり易
い。(4) It is highly necessary to hold the probe in the correct posture relative to the target surface, but the holding mechanism is generally large and tends to be complicated.
［発明が解決しようとする課題］
以上のように、従来は、海洋構造物を海面上に支える支
柱など水中に設置した外面被覆中空材の、スプラッシュ
ゾーン下の被覆の損傷を、中空材の内面側から容易に検
出することができず、スプラッシュゾーン下の被覆の損
傷状況を簡単に検査することができなかった。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] As described above, damage to the coating under the splash zone of externally covered hollow members installed underwater, such as columns that support marine structures above the sea surface, has been conventionally treated by It could not be easily detected from the side and the damage to the coating under the splash zone could not be easily inspected.
この発明の目的は、上述の現状に鑑み、海洋構造物を海
面上に支える支柱など水中に設置した外面被覆中空材の
、スプラッシュゾーン下の被覆の損傷を、中空材の内面
側から容易に検出して、スプラッシュゾーン下の被覆の
損傷状況を簡単に検査することを可能にした、外面被覆
中空材の被覆損傷検出方法を提供することにある。In view of the above-mentioned current situation, it is an object of the present invention to easily detect damage to the coating under the splash zone of hollow members with external coverings installed underwater, such as columns supporting marine structures above the sea surface, from the inner surface of the hollow members. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for detecting damage to the covering of an outer surface-covered hollow member, which makes it possible to easily inspect the state of damage to the covering under the splash zone.
［課題を解決するための手段］
この発明の検出方法は、水中に設置した外面被覆中空材
内に、加熱器または冷却器からなる温度変化付与手段を
挿入して、前記付与手段により前記中空材のスプラッシ
ュゾーン下の所要箇所に、前記所要箇所の内面側から温
度変化を付与し、然る後に、前記所要箇所の内面を赤外
線カメラで撮影することにより、前記所要箇所の外面の
被覆の損傷を検出することに特徴を有するものである。[Means for Solving the Problems] The detection method of the present invention includes inserting a temperature change imparting means consisting of a heater or a cooler into an outer-covered hollow material installed in water, and causing the hollow material to be changed by the imparting means. A temperature change is applied to a required location under the splash zone from the inner surface of the required location, and then the inner surface of the required location is photographed with an infrared camera to prevent damage to the outer surface coating of the required location. It is characterized by its detection.
以下、この発明の検出方法について詳述する。The detection method of the present invention will be described in detail below.
第１図は、この発明の検出方法の一実施態様を示す説明
図である。第１図において、１は海中４に半沈水状態に
設置した外面被覆中空材で、中空材１はスチールパイプ
等の管体２およびその外面に施したポリエチレン等の樹
脂の被覆３からなっている０本実施態様では、中空材１
の海４中にある部分の被覆３の損ｕｉ１１１を検出する
場合を説明する。FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing one embodiment of the detection method of the present invention. In Figure 1, reference numeral 1 is a hollow member with outer surface covering installed in the sea 4 in a semi-submerged state, and the hollow member 1 consists of a tube body 2 such as a steel pipe and a coating 3 of resin such as polyethylene applied to the outer surface. In this embodiment, the hollow member 1
A case will be described in which a damage ui 111 of the covering 3 in a portion located in the sea 4 is detected.
先ず、中空材１内に加熱器５を挿入して、中空材１の海
４中にある部分の、被覆３の損傷１１を検出したい箇所
の内面を、加熱器５により加熱し、温度上昇を付与する
。加熱器５はアルミ板等の金属板製の反射笠６内に、赤
外線ヒーター７を収容してなっているが、急速に温度上
昇を付与できるものならばいずれでも可能である。加熱
器５は図に示したように、ロープ８で中空材１内に吊り
降ろした赤外線カメラ９の下面に、アーム１０を介して
取り付けることにより、中空材１内に挿入する。あるい
は、加熱器５を図示しない別のロープで吊り降ろして、
中空材１内に挿入してもよい。First, the heater 5 is inserted into the hollow material 1, and the inner surface of the portion of the hollow material 1 in the sea 4 where damage 11 of the coating 3 is to be detected is heated by the heater 5 to prevent a temperature rise. Give. The heater 5 has an infrared heater 7 housed in a reflective shade 6 made of a metal plate such as an aluminum plate, but any heater can be used as long as it can rapidly raise the temperature. As shown in the figure, the heater 5 is inserted into the hollow material 1 by attaching it via an arm 10 to the lower surface of an infrared camera 9 suspended within the hollow material 1 with a rope 8. Alternatively, by suspending the heater 5 with another rope (not shown),
It may also be inserted into the hollow member 1.
次いで、中空材１の温度上昇を付与された箇所の内面を
、赤外線カメラ９により撮影する。カメラ９による撮影
は、温度上昇を付与された箇所の内面を正面から行なう
他、第２図に示すように、当該箇所の内面を斜め上方か
ら、或いは熱反射するミラー１２を介して斜め上方から
行なうことができる。すると、中空材１の温度上昇を付
与された箇所は、海水の流動により外面から急激に冷却
されるので、外面の被ｒ！１３に損傷１１があると。Next, the inner surface of the hollow member 1 at the location where the temperature has been increased is photographed by the infrared camera 9. In addition to photographing the inner surface of the area where the temperature has been increased from the front, the camera 9 photographs the inner surface of the area from diagonally above, or from diagonally above through the heat-reflecting mirror 12, as shown in FIG. can be done. Then, the portion of the hollow member 1 that has been given a temperature rise is rapidly cooled from the outer surface by the flow of seawater, so that the outer surface is covered with r! 13 has damage 11.
赤外線カメラ９による内面の赤外線画像上に、損傷１１
の箇所が低温部分として表われ、損傷１１が検出される
。Damage 11 is shown on the infrared image of the inner surface taken by infrared camera 9.
The area appears as a low temperature area, and damage 11 is detected.
即ち、中空材１の被覆３の損傷１１のある箇所は、中空
材１の損傷１１のない健全部に比べ、被覆３が脱落又減
肉しているために、熱容量が小さい、このために、中空
材１を温度上昇させたときに、損傷１１のある箇所は、
海水の流動により外面から熱を強く奪われ、大きく冷却
されるので、損傷１１のない健全部よりも低い温度を示
す。従って、中空材１の温度上昇を付与された箇所の内
面を、赤外線カメラ９で撮影すれば、内面の赤外線画像
上に損傷１１の箇所が低温部分として表われ、損傷１１
が検出される。That is, the heat capacity of the damaged part 11 of the covering 3 of the hollow member 1 is smaller than that of the healthy part of the hollow member 1 without damage 11 because the covering 3 has fallen off or has thinned. When the temperature of the hollow member 1 is increased, the damaged part 11 is
Because the flow of seawater strongly removes heat from the outer surface and cools it greatly, the temperature is lower than that of a healthy part without damage 11. Therefore, if the inner surface of the hollow member 1 is photographed using the infrared camera 9 at a point where the temperature has been increased, the damaged portion 11 will appear as a low-temperature portion on the infrared image of the inner surface.
is detected.
本発明の重要な点は、中空材１の内面を加熱して中空材
１に温度上昇を付与し、そして海水の流動または波しぶ
きを利用して、中空材１に急激な冷却を与えることにあ
る。中空材１に単に温度上昇を付与するだけ、或いは、
温度上界を付与せずに、海水の流動または波しぶきを自
体による弱い冷却を与えるだけでは、赤外線カメラ９に
よる中空材１の内面の撮影によって、外面の被［３の損
傷１１を検出することは困難である。以上のことは、中
空材１に温度降下を付与して、赤外線カメラ９による内
面の撮影により、外面の被覆３の損傷１１を検出する場
合についても同様で、中空材１に温度降下を付与し、そ
して海水の流動または波しぶきを利用して、中空材１に
急激な加熱を与えることが重要である。The important point of the present invention is to heat the inner surface of the hollow member 1 to give the hollow member 1 a temperature rise, and then to provide rapid cooling to the hollow member 1 by using seawater flow or wave spray. be. Simply increasing the temperature of the hollow material 1, or
It is not possible to detect the damage 11 on the outer surface by photographing the inner surface of the hollow member 1 with the infrared camera 9, without imposing an upper limit on the temperature and only providing weak cooling by the flowing seawater or wave spray itself. It is difficult. The above is the same when applying a temperature drop to the hollow member 1 and detecting damage 11 to the outer surface coating 3 by photographing the inner surface with the infrared camera 9. , and it is important to apply rapid heating to the hollow member 1 by utilizing the flow of seawater or wave spray.
なお、加熱器５による加熱温度、加熱勾配、加熱時間、
加熱後の赤外線カメラ９による撮影タイミング等は、検
査対象たる中空材１の仕様（管体２および被覆３の材質
、厚さ）、気温、海水の水温、動き、波しぶきの水温、
水量、赤外線カメラ９の性能（温度分解能、空間分解能
１時間分解能など）により、適宜決定する。In addition, the heating temperature, heating gradient, heating time,
The timing of taking pictures with the infrared camera 9 after heating is based on the specifications of the hollow member 1 to be inspected (material and thickness of the tube body 2 and coating 3), air temperature, seawater temperature, movement, water temperature of sea spray,
It is determined as appropriate depending on the amount of water and the performance of the infrared camera 9 (temperature resolution, spatial resolution, 1 hour resolution, etc.).
第３図は、この発明の検出方法の他の実施態様を示す説
明図である。本実施態様は、中空材１の海面４ａ付近の
スプラッシュゾーンの部分の被覆３の損傷１１を検出す
る場合である。加熱器５により中空材１のスプラッシュ
ゾーンの部分の内面を加熱して、中空材１のスプラッシ
ュゾーンの部分に温度上昇を付与し、海水の波しぶき１
３を利用して、スプラッシュゾーンの部分に急激な冷却
を与える。そして、この状態下で中空材１のスプラッシ
ュゾーンの部分の内面を赤外線カメラ９により撮影する
。中空材１のスプラッシュゾーンの部分の外面の被覆３
に損傷１１があると、上述した原理により、カメラ９に
よるスプラッシュゾーンの部分の内面の赤外線画像上に
、損傷１１の箇所が低温部分として表われ、損傷１１が
検出される。FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing another embodiment of the detection method of the present invention. In this embodiment, damage 11 to the coating 3 in the splash zone near the sea surface 4a of the hollow member 1 is detected. The inner surface of the splash zone portion of the hollow member 1 is heated by the heater 5 to increase the temperature of the splash zone portion of the hollow member 1, and the seawater wave spray 1
3 to provide rapid cooling to the splash zone. Under this condition, the inner surface of the splash zone portion of the hollow member 1 is photographed by the infrared camera 9. Covering the outer surface of the splash zone part of the hollow member 1 3
If there is damage 11 on the splash zone, the damage 11 will appear as a low-temperature area on the infrared image of the inner surface of the splash zone by the camera 9, and the damage 11 will be detected.
以上の実施態様では、いずれも、外面被覆中空材１に温
度上昇を付与したが、この発明は、これに限られない。In all of the embodiments described above, a temperature increase is applied to the outer surface covering hollow material 1, but the present invention is not limited to this.
中空材１の内面を冷却することによって中空材１に温度
降下を付与し、海水の流動または波しぶきを利用して、
中空材１に急激な加熱を与え、そして、この状態下で中
空材１の内面を赤外線カメラ９により撮影して、外面の
被覆３の損傷１１を検出してもよい。中空材１に温度降
下を付与した場合、カメラ９による内面の赤外線画像上
に表示される被覆３の損傷１１の箇所は、温度上昇を付
与した場合と温度の高低が逆になるが、同様に、赤外線
画像上に温度変化部分として検出される。By cooling the inner surface of the hollow material 1, a temperature drop is applied to the hollow material 1, and by using the flow of seawater or wave spray,
Damage 11 to the coating 3 on the outer surface may be detected by applying rapid heating to the hollow member 1 and photographing the inner surface of the hollow member 1 with an infrared camera 9 under this condition. When a temperature drop is applied to the hollow member 1, the damage 11 of the coating 3 displayed on the infrared image of the inner surface by the camera 9 is opposite to the temperature when a temperature rise is applied, but it is the same. , detected as a temperature change area on the infrared image.
［発明の効果］
この発明の検出方法は以上の様に構成されるので、次の
ような効果を有する。[Effects of the Invention] Since the detection method of the present invention is configured as described above, it has the following effects.
（１）水中に設置した外面被覆中空材の、スプラッシュ
ゾーン下の被覆の損傷を、中空材の内面側から容易に検
出することができ、・被覆の損傷状況を簡単に検査する
ことができる。(1) Damage to the coating under the splash zone of an externally coated hollow member installed underwater can be easily detected from the inner surface of the hollow member, and the state of damage to the cover can be easily inspected.
（２）中空材に温度上昇または温度降下を付与し、そし
て海水の流動、波しぶきを利用して、中空材に急激な冷
却または加熱を与えるので、被覆の損傷の検出精度も高
い。(2) Since the hollow material is given a temperature rise or fall and rapid cooling or heating is given to the hollow material by utilizing the flow of seawater and wave spray, the detection accuracy of damage to the coating is also high.
（３）超音波厚さ計などの点計測と異なり、二次元の面
計測であり、検出結果が直接画像としてモニター上にリ
アルタイムに表示されるので、結果が判り易い。(3) Unlike point measurement using an ultrasonic thickness gauge, etc., this is a two-dimensional surface measurement, and the detection results are displayed directly as images on the monitor in real time, making the results easy to understand.
（４）被覆はポリエチレン等の樹脂に限らず、アスファ
ルトジュート、重防食塗装などでも良く、被覆の材質に
よる限定は受けない。(4) The coating is not limited to resin such as polyethylene, but may also be asphalt jute, heavy anti-corrosion coating, etc., and is not limited by the material of the coating.
（５）中空材を汚したり、傷つけたりすることがない。(5) The hollow material will not be soiled or damaged.
第１図は、この発明の検出方法の一実施態様を示す説明
図、第２図は、第１図の検出方法での赤外線カメラによ
る撮影法の他の態様を示す説明図、第３図は、この発明
の検出方法の他の実施態様を示す説明図である０図面に
おいて。
ｌ・・・外面被覆中空材、 ２・・・管体、３・・・被
覆、 ４・・・海、５・・・加熱器、
９・・・赤外線カメラ、１１、・・・損傷、
１３・・・波しぶき。
第１図FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing one embodiment of the detection method of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing another embodiment of the photographing method using an infrared camera in the detection method of FIG. 1, and FIG. , which is an explanatory diagram showing another embodiment of the detection method of the present invention. 1...Outer surface coating hollow material, 2...Pipe body, 3...Coating, 4...Sea, 5...Heater,
9...Infrared camera, 11...Damage,
13... Wave spray. Figure 1
Claims (1)
器からなる温度変化付与手段を挿入して、前記付与手段
により前記中空材のスプラッシュゾーン下の所要箇所に
、前記所要箇所の内面側から温度変化を付与し、然る後
に、前記所要箇所の内面を赤外線カメラで撮影すること
により、前記所要箇所の外面の被覆の損傷を検出するこ
とを特徴とする外面被覆中空材の被覆損傷検出方法。A temperature change imparting means consisting of a heater or a cooler is inserted into the externally covered hollow material installed in water, and the temperature change imparting means is applied to a required location under the splash zone of the hollow material from the inner surface side of the required location. A method for detecting coating damage to an externally coated hollow material, comprising applying a temperature change and then photographing the inner surface of the predetermined portion using an infrared camera to detect damage to the outer surface coating of the predetermined portion. .
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17202188A JPH0222547A (en) | 1988-07-11 | 1988-07-11 | Coating damage detecting method for external surface coated hollow material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17202188A JPH0222547A (en) | 1988-07-11 | 1988-07-11 | Coating damage detecting method for external surface coated hollow material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0222547A true JPH0222547A (en) | 1990-01-25 |
Family
ID=15934053
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17202188A Pending JPH0222547A (en) | 1988-07-11 | 1988-07-11 | Coating damage detecting method for external surface coated hollow material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0222547A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5357112A (en) * | 1993-07-14 | 1994-10-18 | Mississippi State University: Forest Products Laboratory | Method for determining the presence of knots or voids in wood |
| US7129492B2 (en) | 2003-07-29 | 2006-10-31 | Toyota Motor Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Systems and methods for inspecting coatings |
| US7220966B2 (en) | 2003-07-29 | 2007-05-22 | Toyota Motor Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Systems and methods for inspecting coatings, surfaces and interfaces |
| US8204294B2 (en) | 2009-11-25 | 2012-06-19 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Systems and methods for detecting defects in coatings utilizing color-based thermal mismatch |
-
1988
- 1988-07-11 JP JP17202188A patent/JPH0222547A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5357112A (en) * | 1993-07-14 | 1994-10-18 | Mississippi State University: Forest Products Laboratory | Method for determining the presence of knots or voids in wood |
| US7129492B2 (en) | 2003-07-29 | 2006-10-31 | Toyota Motor Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Systems and methods for inspecting coatings |
| US7220966B2 (en) | 2003-07-29 | 2007-05-22 | Toyota Motor Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Systems and methods for inspecting coatings, surfaces and interfaces |
| US8204294B2 (en) | 2009-11-25 | 2012-06-19 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Systems and methods for detecting defects in coatings utilizing color-based thermal mismatch |
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