JPH02211202A - Ultrasonic extractor and extraction of crude drug using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To efficiently extract a crude drug at relatively low temp. by generating an ultrasonic wave using an ultrasonic extractor composed of an ultrasonic vibrator wherein a part of a water tank is driven by an oscillator. CONSTITUTION:An ultrasonic extractor composed of an ultrasonic vibrator wherein a part of a water tank is driven by an oscillator is used. A chopped crude drug is immersed in a solvent within the water tank of the ultrasonic extractor and a current is supplied to the ultrasonic vibrator to generate an ultrasonic wave and extraction is performed corresponding to each crude drug. By immersing the crude drug in the solvent containing calcium ions, an extraction time can be shortened. Dissolved gas is activated by decavitation generated by said ultrasonic wave to accelerate the extraction of the crude drug and, therefore, the crude drug can be extracted efficiently at relatively low temp.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) This invention relates to an ultrasonic extractor and a method for extracting crude drugs using this extractor.The purpose of the invention is to extract crude drugs efficiently at a relatively low temperature. An ultrasonic extractor and a method for extracting crude drugs using this extractor, which can effectively utilize crude drugs, do not make workers uncomfortable due to the odor peculiar to crude drugs, and can be particularly preferably used for home use. It is provided by.

(Prior art) Traditionally, the methods of taking herbal medicines such as Chinese herbal medicines include adding boiling water and then heating for a short time to use as a lubricant, adding cold water and then heating it to make a lubricant, and mixing water and alcohol. Common methods include leaving it in a solvent for a long period of time to make a tincture, and then distilling off the solvent after leaching to make an extract.

(Problem to be Solved by the Invention) However, when using ipecac, senega, valerian, digitalis, etc. as a lubricant, the leaching time must be shortened to about 5 minutes because the active ingredients are easily denatured by heat. Extraction efficiency was extremely poor.

On the other hand, when using cinchona peel, konzurango peel, pomegranate peel, or wa sumac leaf, etc., as the active ingredient, which is non-volatile and difficult to undergo thermal denaturation, the active ingredients may coagulate even if heated for too long. As in the case of the lubricant, the extraction efficiency was extremely poor.

Also, opium, valerian, cantharis, foxglove,
When preparing tinctures such as homica and funnel, they must be left at room temperature for 3 to 5 days, making rapid preparation difficult.

Furthermore, in the case of extracts, after leaching for a certain period of time, a large amount of solvent (usually 5 to 10 times the weight of the crude drug) must be distilled off at a temperature of 60 to 85 °C to prevent decomposition of the active ingredients. In particular, when leaching with water as in the case of gentian and aloe vera, distillation must be carried out under reduced pressure, which is extremely complicated and takes a long time.

Furthermore, when extracting crude drugs, the solvent is brought to a temperature close to its boiling point, which sometimes gives off an odor characteristic of crude drugs, making workers uncomfortable.

In particular, it is desirable to prepare the forepart and lubricant before use, but because of the odor characteristic of this herbal medicine, it is rarely prepared at home.

Conventionally, a method using an ultrasonic generator has been devised as a method for extracting crude drugs without heating a solvent.

However, in this method, as the ultrasonic vibrator, magnetostrictive vibrators such as ferrite and nickel, barium titanate porcelain, lead zirconate titanate porcelain, crystal, tourmaline, Rochelle salt, potassium chlorate, zincite, Ammonium phosphate, potassium phosphate, ethylenediamine tartrate,
Since electrostrictive vibrators such as potassium tartrate and piezoelectric vibrators such as crystal are used, this ultrasonic vibrator is directly immersed in a solvent in a water bath to generate ultrasonic waves to extract the herbal medicine. There is a risk that the materials that make up the sonic vibrator, especially metals, may elute in the form of ions, deteriorating the active ingredients in herbal medicines, and may also have an adverse effect on the human body when the extract is ingested.

In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, in the industry, it is possible to extract crude drugs efficiently at a relatively low temperature, so that crude drugs can be used effectively and workers are not uncomfortable due to the odor peculiar to crude drugs, and it is especially useful at home. It has been desired to create an ultrasonic extractor that can be preferably used for commercial purposes and a method for extracting crude drugs using this extractor.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The ultrasonic extractor according to the present invention is an ultrasonic extractor characterized in that a part of the water tank is an ultrasonic vibrator driven by an oscillator, and further according to the present invention A method for extracting crude drugs using an ultrasonic extractor is mainly characterized by immersing the crude drug in a solvent in a water tank of the ultrasonic extractor, and generating ultrasonic waves by energizing the ultrasonic vibrator. Since this is a crude drug extraction method using an extractor, all of the above problems are solved.

(Structure of the Invention) The ultrasonic extractor according to the present invention is characterized in that a part of the water tank is an ultrasonic vibrator driven by an oscillator.

In this invention, the material of the aquarium is not particularly limited, and may be any material such as metal, synthetic resin, ceramics, etc.

In the present invention, the ultrasonic transducer converts current supplied by an oscillator such as an electric device into ultrasonic waves.

The frequency of the ultrasonic waves to be emitted may be a value near the resonant frequency of longitudinal vibration of the ultrasonic transducer, but it is usually desirable to have a frequency of 10,000 to 50,000 Hz and 20,000 Hz or more.

Also, the intensity of sound is 0.33 in water with a hydrostatic pressure of 1 atm.
W/ai? Preferably a male.

The reason for this is that during crude drug extraction, the gas dissolved in the solvent is generated as bubbles, and the bubbles are crushed by the decavating titan, which activates the dissolved gas. This is because it is necessary to do so.

Using the ultrasonic extractor having the above configuration, the crude drug is extracted as follows.

First, finely chopped herbal medicines are immersed in a solvent in a water tank of an ultrasonic extractor.

The solvent used in this invention is usually water in an amount 20 times the amount of crude drug when used as a lubricant or as a front side, but when used as a tincture, an alcoholic solution specified by the Japanese Pharmacopoeia is used depending on each crude drug. It is desirable to use
70% alcohol by volume is used.

In addition, when preparing an extract, it is desirable to use a solvent specified in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia for each crude drug (for example, ether for bamboo shoots) in an amount that is usually 2 to 4 times the weight of the crude drug.

When water is used as a solvent in this invention, cold water (10°C or less) may be used, but if desired, lukewarm water (30°C or less) may be used.
40°C) or hot water (60-70°C) may be used, and extraction is usually carried out by cold soaking (15-25°C) or digesting (35-45°C).

Incidentally, even if no special heating means is provided, heat is generated by ultrasonic waves and the water becomes lukewarm.

In this invention, the extraction time varies depending on each crude drug, but
Approximately 10 minutes if used as a lubricant, approximately 15 minutes if used as a lubricant
It is sufficient to extract for about 2 days in the case of making a tincture or extract.

Note that the extraction time can be further shortened by dissolving calcium chloride or the like, which becomes calcium ions, in a solvent.

Examples, comparative examples, and test examples of the crude drug extraction method using the ultrasonic extractor according to the present invention are shown below.

(Example 1) Yellowfin tuna (PhelLodendron amurgns)
50 g of powder obtained by drying the bark of tr [jupreCllj) from which turbidity has been removed was placed in an ultrasonic extractor water tank together with 500 ml of cold water, extracted for 15 minutes, and then passed through a cloth to obtain an extract.

No particular odor was observed during extraction.

(Example 2) An extract was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the extraction time was 30 minutes.

No particular odor was observed during extraction.

(Example 3) An extract was obtained in exactly the same manner as in Example 1, except that 5 g of calcium chloride was dissolved in water for extraction.

No particular odor was observed during extraction.

(Example 4) An extract was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the extraction time was 30 minutes.

No particular odor was observed during extraction.

(Comparative example) Yellowfin tuna (Phtt) from the same lot as that used in Example 1
LLodendron amurttnsg Rupr
50g powder of dried bark from which turbidity has been removed
into an alumite pot with 500rnl of cold water,
After heating at 90° C. or higher for 30 minutes, the mixture was strained through a cloth to obtain an extract.

A very peculiar odor was observed during extraction.

(Test Example) Yellowfin tuna (PheL) from the same lot as that used in Example 1
Lodttndron amurttnse R11p
Accurately measure the powdered log of dried bark with r6 (Jj) turbidity removed, and 1. Each of the extracts obtained in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example was weighed accurately, put into a Soxhlet extractor, and mixed with 100 rn of ether.
Extraction was performed using t for 1 hour.

After extraction, the ether was distilled off, and then methanol 100-
Using a water bath, extract until the extract in the tube becomes slightly yellow to colorless, evaporate the methanol to 1/10 volume on a water bath, add 70 g of water and 2 g of talc, and boil for 2 minutes on a water bath. The mixture was heated and allowed to stand for 20 minutes, then cooled to room temperature and filtered while shaking.

Wash the residue with 30ml of water, combine the filtrate and washing liquid, and add 20ml of water.
% potassium iodide aqueous solution was added and stirred.

The precipitate was collected by centrifugation, and as much of the supernatant as possible was removed by decanting, followed by addition of 20% aqueous potassium iodide solution, stirring, and centrifugation again, followed by removing as much of the supernatant as possible.

The precipitate was washed into a co-fabricated flask with 100% of water and heated in a 65-70" water bath for 10 minutes.
Immediately, 50° of acetone was added, the container was sealed tightly, and the container was heated for 5 minutes with rocking in a water bath at 55 to 60°.

Next, quickly add 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution 5-, seal it, shake it, let it stand for 5 minutes, and then add 55-6
The mixture was heated in a 0° water bath for 15 minutes, with occasional strong shaking, until the crystals were fully extracted.

Leave to stand overnight at room temperature, and filter the crystals with a known weight glass filtration (G3
), and the volume of the filtrate was measured and designated as A(d).

The crystals remaining in the flask are washed into the glass filter using 10-ml of water, and then the crystals are washed with 5-ml of water and heated at 105°.
After drying for 3 hours in a desiccator (silica gel), the weight [acetoneberberine (C*sH*5NOs:
393.44)] was measured and designated as B (■).

From the following formula 1, the amount of berberine (C*3HtsNOa) (■
) was calculated.

A xo, 100+B xo, 898 (formula l)
The amount of berberine obtained from each extract solution obtained in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example (■) was divided by the amount of berberine obtained from the powder log (■), And calculate the extraction rate (%) of berberine in the comparative example,
It is listed in Table 1 below.

Table 1 (blank below) (Effects of the invention) As detailed above, the ultrasonic extractor according to the present invention is an ultrasonic extractor characterized in that a part of the water tank is an ultrasonic vibrator driven by an oscillator. Since the ultrasonic vibrator does not come into direct contact with the solvent in the aquarium, there is no risk that the materials that make up the ultrasonic vibrator, especially metals, will elute as ions when extracting herbal medicines, and therefore the active ingredients will change in quality. There is no fear and it is highly safe for the human body to ingest the extract.

Further, a method for extracting crude drugs using the ultrasonic extractor according to the present invention includes immersing the crude drug in a solvent in a water tank of the ultrasonic extractor, and generating ultrasonic waves by energizing the ultrasonic vibrator. Since this is a crude drug extraction method using an ultrasonic extraction machine, the decavitation generated by ultrasonic waves activates dissolved gases and accelerates the extraction of crude drugs. Therefore, it is possible to extract crude drugs efficiently at a relatively low temperature. It can be extracted without making workers uncomfortable due to the odor peculiar to crude drugs.

Furthermore, by dissolving calcium ions in the solvent and immersing the crude drug in the solution, the extraction time can be further shortened.

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) An ultrasonic extractor characterized in that a part of the water tank is an ultrasonic vibrator driven by an oscillator. (2) Using the ultrasonic extractor according to claim (1), the crude drug is immersed in a solvent in the water tank, and the ultrasonic vibrator is energized to generate ultrasonic waves. How to extract crude drugs. (3) The method for extracting a crude drug using an ultrasonic extractor according to claim 2, characterized in that the crude drug is immersed in the solvent containing calcium ions.