JPH0220718B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0220718B2 JPH0220718B2 JP2789485A JP2789485A JPH0220718B2 JP H0220718 B2 JPH0220718 B2 JP H0220718B2 JP 2789485 A JP2789485 A JP 2789485A JP 2789485 A JP2789485 A JP 2789485A JP H0220718 B2 JPH0220718 B2 JP H0220718B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- overlay
- tin
- zinc
- indium
- copper
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000001996 bearing alloy Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910020888 Sn-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910019204 Sn—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- -1 Boron fluoride Tin fluoride Copper fluoride Hydrofluoric acid Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910020220 Pb—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150109943 SHE10 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910020935 Sn-Sb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018956 Sn—In Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008757 Sn—Sb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WIKSRXFQIZQFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Pb] Chemical group [Cu].[Pb] WIKSRXFQIZQFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical group [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Description
〈発明の目的〉
産業上の利用分野
本発明は平軸受に係り、詳しくは、近年の内燃
機関の出力増大による潤滑油の温度上昇および高
温における潤滑油の酸化等によつて生成する有機
酸の増大等の条件下で十分に性能を発揮する平軸
受に係る。
従来の技術
従来、内燃機関に使用されている軸受メタルは
半割状若しくは円筒状の鋼を裏金とし、これに銅
系若しくはアルミニウム系の軸受合金を複層化し
たものである。これら高荷重用軸受として開発さ
れた銅−鉛軸受合金、ブロンズ軸受合金およびア
ルミニウム軸受合金等は耐荷重性は優れている
が、軸受合金に必要なその他の特性、すなわち、
耐焼付性、埋収性、なじみ性等においては問題が
あり、この解決のために埋収性、なじみ性を備え
た金属を軸受合金の上にオーバレイする必要があ
る。例えば、従来の自動車用軸受では裏金上に中
間層として銅またはアルミニウム合金を焼結、鋳
造または圧接等の方法によつて密着させ、更に、
その上に厚さ10〜30μのオーバレイ層を施した３
層軸受が使用されている。このオーバレイ層は軸
受の耐荷重性、耐摩耗性、なじみ性および異物の
埋収性向上の効果があり、オーバレイの組成とし
ては従来から、Pb−Sn系、Pb−Sn−Sb系、Pb
−Sn−Cu系、Pb−Sn−In系等が知られ、特に、
米国特許2605149号によつて開示された鉛85〜95
％、錫８〜12％、銅２〜３％のPb−Sn−Cu系オ
ーバレイが最も多く使用されている。このオーバ
レイ中の鉛は軸受とヂヤーナルとのなじみ性およ
び潤滑油中の異物の埋収性を向上し、錫は耐食性
を良くし、銅は耐疲労性向上の役割を果してい
る。
しかし、近年、内燃機関の出力が大きくなり、
潤滑油の温度が上昇するにつれ、オーバレイが軟
化し、耐摩耗性が悪くなる傾向にあり、更に、高
温によつて潤滑油の酸化が促進されて有機酸等の
腐食性生成物が生成し、オーバレイを腐食する問
題があるため、これらの改良されたオーバレイの
開発が求められている。
発明が解決しようとする問題点
本発明はこれらの問題点を解決することを目的
とし、具体的には、従来のオーバレイに亜鉛また
は亜鉛とインジウムを加えることによつてオーバ
レイの耐熱性を向上させ、高温においても耐摩耗
性が低下せず、また、耐食性も良好なオーバレイ
を提供することを目的とする。
〈発明の構成〉
問題点を解決するための手段ならびにその作用
本発明は、内燃機関に用いられる平軸受の基体
の表面に亜鉛0.5〜10％を含み、更に、錫0.5〜25
％、銅0.1〜５％、アンチモン0.1〜５％、砒素0.1
〜５％若しくはインジウム0.1〜10％より成る群
のうち少なくとも１種を含有し、残余が実質的に
鉛よりなるオーバレイ層が形成されて成ることを
特徴とする。
以下、図面により本発明を詳しく説明する。
第１図ａおよびｂは本発明平軸受の一例を示す
斜視図および矢視Ａ−Ａ方向の断面図、第２図は
本発明品および従来品平軸受の温度による硬度変
化を示すグラフ、第３図は従来品に対する本発明
品の腐食比を示すグラフ、第４図は本発明品およ
び従来品の腐食量、摩耗量、疲労強度を示すグラ
フである。
第１図において符号１は裏金、２は銅またはア
ルミニウム合金層、３はニツケルメツキ層、４は
オーバレイ層を示す。
本発明は従来のPb−Sn系、Pb−Sn−Sb系、
Pb−Sn−Cu系オーバレイに亜鉛または亜鉛とイ
ンジウムを加えることにより耐熱性を向上させ、
高温でも耐摩耗性が低下せず、更に、耐食性の良
好なオーバレイを得るものであるが、従来のオー
バレイに亜鉛または亜鉛とインジウムを含有させ
るためには、メツキ液中にこれらの金属の化合物
を添加し、他の成分と同時に軸受合金層上に析出
させることは技術的に非常に困難である。従つ
て、本発明では従来のオーバレイの上に所望成分
のオーバレイが得られるように亜鉛または亜鉛と
インジウムを別々に電気メツキし、メツキ後、
100〜150℃の温度で２時間加熱し、従来のオーバ
レイ中に相互拡散させることにより解決した。
このようにすると、Zn−Sn，In−Pbの親和性
が良いので加熱により相互拡散して従来のオーバ
レイ中に均一に拡散し、所望成分を含むオーバレ
イが得られる。
次に、本発明に係るオーバレイ中の各元素の役
割および添加量について説明すると、次の通りで
ある。
まず、錫は鉛ベースのオーバレイ層において耐
食性とともに耐摩耗性を向上させるが、添加量５
％以下においてもインジウムを共存する時には
0.5％まで低下させて、十分に耐食性ならびに耐
摩耗性が保持できる。また、添加量が25％以上に
なると、高温での硬度が低下し耐摩耗性が低下す
る。
次に、錫の代りにインジウムを単独で、また
は、錫とともにインジウムを添加して耐食性を向
上させることもできる。すなわち、インジウムは
鉛ベースのオーバレイ層では錫とともに耐食性を
向上させ、このことは従来から知られている。ま
た、インジウムは高価であることが障害となつて
いる。しかし、内燃機関の高出力化により潤滑油
の温度上昇が著しくなり、高温下では錫を添加す
るよりインジウムを添加するのが好ましい。ま
た、錫の含有量を少なくし、錫と共存させてイン
ジウムを添加することもできる。インジウムの添
加量はインジウムによる化学的低食性の向上の効
果が0.1％以下では無く、また、10％以上添加す
ると、耐摩耗性が低下するので0.1〜10％が好ま
しい。
次に、鉛ベースの中に錫および／又はインジウ
ムを含めるほか、必須成分として亜鉛を含める。
この亜鉛は錫との間で金属間化合物を生成し易
い。この点、オーバレイ層の形成時には、はじめ
に、鉛ベース中に錫および／又はインジウムを含
めたメツキ層を形成し、このメツキ層上に亜鉛を
メツキしてから、熱処理するのが好ましい。この
ように２つのメツキ層から構成し、熱処理によつ
て亜鉛を拡散させると、亜鉛は錫とは金属間化合
物を生成せず、安定して鉛ベース中に拡散でき
る。
また、はじめに形成する鉛ベース中に亜鉛と錫
および／又はインジウムとを含ませるほかに、
銅、アンチモンまたは砒素を含ませることができ
る。しかし、これらは耐摩耗性を改善するが錫が
含まれるときには錫と結合して金属間化合物を生
成し、これら金属間化合物は耐摩耗性ならびに耐
疲労性についての添加効果はあるが、硬く、脆い
性質を持つている。
このため、単味又は含量で５％以上添加する
と、逆に耐疲労強度が低下して運転寿命が低下
し、なかでも、銅は耐食性も低下する。また、こ
れらは0.1％以下の添加では効果が無い。
実施例
以下、実施例により更に説明する。
実施例 １
まず、軸受合金を一般の電気メツキの場合と同
様に脱脂および酸洗を行なつた後、1.0〜2.0μ厚
のニツケルメツキを行なう。このニツケルメツキ
の役割は銅系軸受合金の場合、内燃機関の運転時
にオーバレイ中の錫が中間層の銅合金中に拡散
し、オーバレイの耐食性が低下するのを防止する
ためである。
このメツキの上に下記浴組成(A)のメツキ浴およ
び電流密度で鉛77〜93％、錫５〜25％、銅1.5〜
3.5％を含有するオーバレイを電気メツキする。
浴組成(A)硼弗化鉛
硼弗化錫
硼弗化銅
硼弗化水素酸
ゼラチン 30〜120ｇ／
５〜30ｇ／
1.5〜3.5ｇ／
40〜50ｇ／
0.1〜0.5ｇ／
電流密度 1.0〜3.0A／ｄm2
次に、この上に浴組成(B)で亜鉛メツキを行な
う。
浴組成(B)硼弗化亜鉛
塩化アンモニウム
硼弗化アンモニウム
PH 190〜210ｇ／
40〜60ｇ／
30〜40ｇ／
3.0〜4.0
亜鉛メツキ後の平軸受は裏金−銅合金−ニツケ
ル−従来のオーバレイ−亜鉛の５層からなり、こ
の５層からなる平軸受を100〜150℃で２時間加熱
すると、亜鉛メツキ層が下地のオーバレイ層と相
互に拡散し、以下の組成の新オーバレイ層が得ら
れる。
鉛 62〜92.5％
錫 ５〜25％
銅 ２〜３％
亜鉛 0.5〜10％
実施例 ２
実施例１と同様のPb−Sn−Cu系オーバレイメ
ツキの上に下記浴組成(c)および電流密度でインジ
ウムメツキを行なう。
浴組成(C)硼弗化インジウム
硼 酸
硼弗化アンモニウム
PH 90〜110ｇ／
20〜30ｇ／
40〜60ｇ／
1.5〜2.0
電流密度 1.0〜3.0A／ｄm2
次に、実施例１と同様な条件で亜鉛メツキを行
ない、100〜150℃で２時間加熱し、各メツキ層を
相互拡散させることにより以下の組成の新オーバ
レイが得られる。
鉛 52〜92％
錫 ５〜25％
銅 ２〜３％
亜鉛 0.5〜10％
インジウム 0.5〜10％
実施例 ３
実施例１の浴組成(A)から銅成分を除き、同様な
条件で、鉛75〜95％、錫５〜25％のオーバレイメ
ツキを行なつた後、浴組成(B)の条件で亜鉛メツキ
を行なう。
次に、100〜150℃の温度で２時間加熱し、亜鉛
を下地のオーバレイメツキ層に相互拡散させるこ
とにより、以下の組成の新オーバレイが得られ
る。
鉛 65〜94.5％
錫 ５〜25％
亜鉛 0.5〜10％
実施例 ４
実施例１と同様に軸受合金にニツケルメツキを
行なつた後、実施例１の浴組成(A)に硼弗化砒素
2.0〜4.0ｇ／を加えた浴組成中でメツキを行な
い、鉛68.5〜90.5％、錫５〜25％、銅2.5〜3.5％、
砒素2.0〜3.0％のオーバレイメツキを得、更に、
その上に浴組成(B)によつて亜鉛メツキを行ない実
施例１と同様に加熱して相互拡散させることによ
り、以下の組成の新オーバレイが得られる。
鉛 59〜91.5％
錫 ５〜25％
銅 ２〜３％
砒素 １〜３％
亜鉛 0.5〜10％
実施例 ５
前記実施例１〜３の方法によつて得られた第１
表に示す各組成の本発明オーバレイ及び従来の
Pb−Sn−Cu系オーバレイについて常温〜200℃
における硬度変化を測定した結果を第２図に、ま
た、従来例を100とした場合の本発明オーバレイ
の腐食比を第３図に示す。
<Purpose of the Invention> Industrial Field of Application The present invention relates to plain bearings, and more specifically to the increase in the temperature of lubricating oil due to the increase in the output of internal combustion engines in recent years, and the oxidation of lubricating oil at high temperatures. This relates to plain bearings that exhibit sufficient performance under conditions such as increased load. BACKGROUND TECHNOLOGY Conventionally, bearing metals used in internal combustion engines have a half-shaped or cylindrical steel backing metal, and a multi-layered copper-based or aluminum-based bearing alloy. These copper-lead bearing alloys, bronze bearing alloys, aluminum bearing alloys, etc. developed as bearings for high loads have excellent load resistance, but other characteristics required for bearing alloys, namely:
There are problems with seizure resistance, embeddability, conformability, etc., and in order to solve these problems, it is necessary to overlay a metal with embeddability and conformability on the bearing alloy. For example, in conventional automobile bearings, a copper or aluminum alloy is adhered as an intermediate layer on a back metal by sintering, casting, pressure welding, etc.;
On top of that, an overlay layer with a thickness of 10 to 30 μm was applied.
Layer bearings are used. This overlay layer has the effect of improving the bearing's load resistance, wear resistance, conformability, and foreign matter embedding properties.
-Sn-Cu system, Pb-Sn-In system, etc. are known, especially,
Lead 85-95 disclosed by U.S. Patent No. 2,605,149
%, 8-12% tin, and 2-3% copper overlays are most commonly used. The lead in this overlay improves the compatibility between the bearing and the dial and the embedding of foreign matter in the lubricating oil, the tin improves corrosion resistance, and the copper plays a role in improving fatigue resistance. However, in recent years, the output of internal combustion engines has increased,
As the temperature of the lubricating oil increases, the overlay tends to soften and wear resistance deteriorates, and high temperatures also promote oxidation of the lubricating oil, producing corrosive products such as organic acids. The problem of corroding overlays has created a need for the development of these improved overlays. Problems to be Solved by the Invention The present invention aims to solve these problems, and specifically improves the heat resistance of the overlay by adding zinc or zinc and indium to the conventional overlay. The object of the present invention is to provide an overlay that does not deteriorate in wear resistance even at high temperatures and also has good corrosion resistance. <Structure of the Invention> Means for Solving the Problems and Their Effects The present invention provides a surface bearing of a plain bearing used in an internal combustion engine that contains 0.5 to 10% zinc and further contains 0.5 to 25% tin.
%, copper 0.1-5%, antimony 0.1-5%, arsenic 0.1
5% or 0.1 to 10% of indium, with the remainder being substantially lead. Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the drawings. Figures 1a and b are a perspective view and a sectional view taken along arrow A-A of an example of the flat bearing of the present invention, Figure 2 is a graph showing changes in hardness due to temperature of the flat bearing of the present invention and a conventional flat bearing; FIG. 3 is a graph showing the corrosion ratio of the product of the present invention to the conventional product, and FIG. 4 is a graph showing the amount of corrosion, wear amount, and fatigue strength of the product of the present invention and the conventional product. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 indicates a backing metal, 2 a copper or aluminum alloy layer, 3 a nickel plating layer, and 4 an overlay layer. The present invention is based on the conventional Pb-Sn system, Pb-Sn-Sb system,
Adding zinc or zinc and indium to the Pb-Sn-Cu overlay improves heat resistance.
The abrasion resistance does not deteriorate even at high temperatures, and an overlay with good corrosion resistance is obtained.However, in order to incorporate zinc or zinc and indium into the conventional overlay, compounds of these metals must be added to the plating solution. It is technically very difficult to add it and deposit it on the bearing alloy layer simultaneously with other components. Therefore, in the present invention, zinc or zinc and indium are electroplated separately to obtain an overlay of the desired components on top of a conventional overlay, and after plating,
The solution was to interdiffusion into the conventional overlay by heating at a temperature of 100-150°C for 2 hours. In this case, since Zn--Sn and In--Pb have good affinity, they are mutually diffused by heating and uniformly diffused into the conventional overlay, resulting in an overlay containing the desired components. Next, the role and addition amount of each element in the overlay according to the present invention will be explained as follows. First, tin improves corrosion resistance as well as wear resistance in lead-based overlay layers, but the addition amount
When indium coexists even below %
By reducing the content to 0.5%, sufficient corrosion resistance and wear resistance can be maintained. Furthermore, if the amount added exceeds 25%, the hardness at high temperatures will decrease and the wear resistance will decrease. Next, indium can be added alone or together with tin to improve corrosion resistance. That is, indium improves corrosion resistance with tin in lead-based overlay layers, and this has been known for some time. Another obstacle is that indium is expensive. However, as the output of internal combustion engines increases, the temperature of lubricating oil increases significantly, so it is preferable to add indium rather than tin at high temperatures. Furthermore, the tin content can be reduced and indium can be added in coexistence with tin. The amount of indium added is preferably 0.1 to 10% because the effect of improving chemical corrosion resistance due to indium is not less than 0.1%, and if it is added more than 10%, wear resistance decreases. Next, in addition to including tin and/or indium in the lead base, zinc is also included as an essential component. This zinc tends to form intermetallic compounds with tin. In this regard, when forming the overlay layer, it is preferable to first form a plating layer containing tin and/or indium in a lead base, plate zinc on this plating layer, and then heat-treat the layer. In this way, when the two plating layers are constructed and zinc is diffused through heat treatment, zinc does not form an intermetallic compound with tin and can be stably diffused into the lead base. In addition to containing zinc, tin and/or indium in the lead base formed first,
It can contain copper, antimony or arsenic. However, although these improve wear resistance, when they contain tin, they combine with tin to form intermetallic compounds, and these intermetallic compounds have an additive effect on wear resistance and fatigue resistance, but are hard and It has a brittle nature. For this reason, if 5% or more of copper is added alone or in a content, the fatigue strength will be reduced and the operating life will be shortened, and in particular, the corrosion resistance of copper will also be reduced. Moreover, these have no effect when added at 0.1% or less. EXAMPLES The following is a further explanation using examples. Example 1 First, a bearing alloy is degreased and pickled in the same manner as in general electroplating, and then nickel plated to a thickness of 1.0 to 2.0 μm. In the case of a copper-based bearing alloy, the role of this nickel plating is to prevent tin in the overlay from diffusing into the copper alloy of the intermediate layer during operation of an internal combustion engine, thereby preventing the corrosion resistance of the overlay from deteriorating. On top of this plating, use a plating bath with the following bath composition (A) and a current density of 77 to 93% lead, 5 to 25% tin, and 1.5 to 1.5% copper.
Electroplating an overlay containing 3.5%. Bath composition (A) Lead borofluoride Boron fluoride Tin fluoride Copper fluoride Hydrofluoric acid gelatin 30-120g/ 5-30g/ 1.5-3.5g/ 40-50g/ 0.1-0.5g/ Current density 1.0-3.0 A/dm 2 Next, galvanizing is performed on this with bath composition (B). Bath composition (B) Zinc borofluoride, ammonium chloride, ammonium fluoride PH 190 to 210 g/ 40 to 60 g/ 30 to 40 g/ 3.0 to 4.0 After galvanizing, the plain bearing has backing metal - copper alloy - nickel - conventional overlay - zinc When a plain bearing consisting of these five layers is heated at 100 to 150° C. for 2 hours, the galvanized layer and the underlying overlay layer will diffuse into each other, resulting in a new overlay layer having the following composition. Lead 62-92.5% Tin 5-25% Copper 2-3% Zinc 0.5-10% Example 2 On the same Pb-Sn-Cu overlay plating as in Example 1, the following bath composition (c) and current density were applied. Perform indium plating. Bath composition (C) Indium borofluoride Ammonium borofluoride PH 90 to 110 g/20 to 30 g/40 to 60 g/1.5 to 2.0 Current density 1.0 to 3.0 A/dm 2 Next, the same conditions as in Example 1 A new overlay with the following composition is obtained by performing galvanizing at 100 DEG C. and heating at 100 DEG to 150 DEG C. for 2 hours to interdiffuse each plating layer. Lead 52-92% Tin 5-25% Copper 2-3% Zinc 0.5-10% Indium 0.5-10% Example 3 Lead 75 After overlay plating with ~95% tin and 5~25% tin, galvanizing is performed under the conditions of bath composition (B). Next, by heating at a temperature of 100-150° C. for 2 hours to interdiffuse zinc into the underlying overlay plating layer, a new overlay with the following composition is obtained. Lead 65-94.5% Tin 5-25% Zinc 0.5-10% Example 4 After nickel plating the bearing alloy in the same manner as in Example 1, arsenic borofluoride was added to the bath composition (A) of Example 1.
Plating is carried out in a bath composition containing 2.0 to 4.0 g/m of lead, 68.5 to 90.5% of lead, 5 to 25% of tin, 2.5 to 3.5% of copper,
Obtained an overlay plating of 2.0 to 3.0% arsenic, and further,
A new overlay having the following composition is obtained by galvanizing the layer with the bath composition (B) and heating and interdiffusion in the same manner as in Example 1. Lead 59-91.5% Tin 5-25% Copper 2-3% Arsenic 1-3% Zinc 0.5-10% Example 5 The first sample obtained by the method of Examples 1 to 3 above
The overlay of the present invention and the conventional overlay of each composition shown in the table.
For Pb-Sn-Cu overlay, room temperature to 200℃
FIG. 2 shows the results of measuring the change in hardness of the overlay, and FIG. 3 shows the corrosion ratio of the overlay of the present invention when the conventional example is set as 100.
【表】
すなわち、第２図において本発明品ロ〜ニは従
来品イに較べ高温においても硬度低下が少なく、
従つて、耐摩耗性の低下も少ないことが分る。
また、第３図において本発明品は従来品に較べ
耐食性は大巾に改良されていることを示してい
る。
実施例 ６
実施例１〜４の方法によつて得られた第２表の
成分組成よりなる10種類（本発明品７種類、従来
品３種類）について下記試験条件により腐食量、
摩耗量および疲労強度を測定した結果を第４図に
示す。[Table] In other words, in Fig. 2, the products of the present invention have less hardness reduction than the conventional products A, even at high temperatures.
Therefore, it can be seen that there is little decrease in wear resistance. Moreover, FIG. 3 shows that the corrosion resistance of the product of the present invention is greatly improved compared to the conventional product. Example 6 For 10 types (7 types of products of the present invention and 3 types of conventional products) consisting of the component compositions shown in Table 2 obtained by the methods of Examples 1 to 4, the amount of corrosion,
Figure 4 shows the results of measuring the amount of wear and fatigue strength.
【表】【table】
【表】
第４図において本発明品は従来品に較べて耐食
性、耐摩耗性および疲労強度が大巾に改良されて
いることが分る。
なお、試験条件は以下の通りである。
ａ 腐食液……SHE10（不含抑制剤）にオレイン
酸１％添加（121℃×50時間）
ｂ 摩耗量……試験機アンダーウツドテストマシ
ン、荷重560Kgｆ／cm2、回転数3500r.p.m.、オ
ーバレイ厚0.020mm、軸受背面温度175℃、潤滑
油SAE20W−40、時間100時間
ｃ 疲労強度……試験機アンダーウツドテストマ
シン、荷重560Kgｆ／cm2、回転数3500r.p.m.、
オーバレイ厚0.020mm、軸受背面温度175℃、潤
滑油SAE20W−40
〈発明の効果〉
以上詳しく説明したように、従来のオーバレイ
層に亜鉛または亜鉛とインジウムを加えることに
よつて第２〜４図に示すように耐食性、耐摩耗性
および疲労強度が大巾に改良され、近年の内燃機
関の出力増大による潤滑油の温度上昇および高温
における潤滑油の酸化により生成する有機酸等の
増大等に十分に対応できる新しいオーバレイ層を
備えた平軸受が得られた。[Table] In FIG. 4, it can be seen that the product of the present invention has greatly improved corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and fatigue strength compared to the conventional product. The test conditions are as follows. a Corrosive liquid...1% oleic acid added to SHE10 (inhibitor-free) (121℃ x 50 hours) b Wear amount...Testing machine Underwood test machine, load 560Kgf/cm 2 , rotation speed 3500r.pm, Overlay thickness 0.020mm, bearing back temperature 175℃, lubricating oil SAE20W-40, time 100 hoursc Fatigue strength...Testing machine Underwood test machine, load 560Kgf/cm 2 , rotation speed 3500r.pm,
Overlay thickness 0.020mm, bearing back temperature 175℃, lubricant SAE20W-40 <Effects of the invention> As explained in detail above, by adding zinc or zinc and indium to the conventional overlay layer, the As shown, the corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and fatigue strength have been greatly improved, and it is sufficient to withstand the rise in lubricating oil temperature due to the increase in output of internal combustion engines in recent years, as well as the increase in organic acids generated by oxidation of lubricating oil at high temperatures. A plain bearing with a new compatible overlay layer was obtained.
第１図ａおよびｂは本発明平軸受の一例を示す
斜視図および矢視Ａ−Ａ方向の断面図、第２図は
本発明品および従来品の平軸受の温度による硬度
変化を示すグラフ、第３図は従来品に対する本発
明品の腐食比を示すグラフ、第４図は本発明品お
よび従来品の腐食量、摩耗量、疲労強度を示すグ
ラフである。
符号１……裏金、２……銅またはアルミニウム
合金層、３……ニツケルメツキ層、４……オーバ
レイ層。
1A and 1B are a perspective view and a sectional view taken in the direction of arrow A-A showing an example of the plain bearing of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a graph showing changes in hardness due to temperature of the plain bearing of the present invention and a conventional product. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the corrosion ratio of the product of the present invention to the conventional product, and FIG. 4 is a graph showing the amount of corrosion, wear amount, and fatigue strength of the product of the present invention and the conventional product. Reference numeral 1: backing metal, 2: copper or aluminum alloy layer, 3: nickel plating layer, 4: overlay layer.
Claims (1)
および／またはインジウム0.1〜10％を含有し、
残余が実質的に鉛よりなるオーバレイ層が、内燃
機関用平軸受の表面に形成されていることを特徴
とする平軸受。 ２ 亜鉛0.5〜10％を含むとともに、錫0.5〜25％
および／またはインジウム0.1〜10％を含有し、
更に、銅0.1〜５％、アンチモン0.1〜５％または
砒素0.1〜５％のうちの少なくとも１種を含有し、
残余が実質的に鉛よりなるオーバレイ層が、内燃
機関用平軸受の表面に形成されていることを特徴
とする平軸受。[Claims] 1 Contains 0.5 to 10% zinc and 0.5 to 25% tin
and/or contains 0.1 to 10% indium,
1. A plain bearing for an internal combustion engine, characterized in that an overlay layer, the remainder of which is substantially made of lead, is formed on a surface of the plain bearing for an internal combustion engine. 2 Contains 0.5-10% zinc and 0.5-25% tin
and/or contains 0.1 to 10% indium,
Furthermore, it contains at least one of 0.1 to 5% copper, 0.1 to 5% antimony, or 0.1 to 5% arsenic,
1. A plain bearing for an internal combustion engine, characterized in that an overlay layer, the remainder of which is substantially made of lead, is formed on a surface of the plain bearing for an internal combustion engine.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2789485A JPS61186499A (en) | 1985-02-14 | 1985-02-14 | Plain bearing |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2789485A JPS61186499A (en) | 1985-02-14 | 1985-02-14 | Plain bearing |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS61186499A JPS61186499A (en) | 1986-08-20 |
| JPH0220718B2 true JPH0220718B2 (en) | 1990-05-10 |
Family
ID=12233592
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2789485A Granted JPS61186499A (en) | 1985-02-14 | 1985-02-14 | Plain bearing |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS61186499A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2834662B2 (en) * | 1993-12-27 | 1998-12-09 | 大同メタル工業株式会社 | Multilayer plain bearing material and method of manufacturing the same |
| GB2313163B (en) | 1996-05-15 | 2000-03-29 | Glacier Vandervell Ltd | Thin-walled bearings |
-
1985
- 1985-02-14 JP JP2789485A patent/JPS61186499A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS61186499A (en) | 1986-08-20 |
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