JPH02204467A - Fluorinated hydrocarbon mixed solvent composition - Google Patents
Fluorinated hydrocarbon mixed solvent compositionInfo
- Publication number
- JPH02204467A JPH02204467A JP1023938A JP2393889A JPH02204467A JP H02204467 A JPH02204467 A JP H02204467A JP 1023938 A JP1023938 A JP 1023938A JP 2393889 A JP2393889 A JP 2393889A JP H02204467 A JPH02204467 A JP H02204467A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water
- composition
- surfactant
- solvent composition
- mixed solvent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000004773 chlorofluoromethyl group Chemical group [H]C(F)(Cl)* 0.000 claims 2
- KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(fluoro)methane Chemical compound F[C]Cl KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010730 cutting oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- UHMWWIKRVZTBBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)Cl UHMWWIKRVZTBBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 chlorine radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WBLIXGSTEMXDSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound Cl[CH2] WBLIXGSTEMXDSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004338 Dichlorodifluoromethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- HILUWRPVFKJTAD-ZGHMGGRHSA-N GA21 Chemical compound O=C(O)[C@H]1[C@@H]2[C@]3(C(=O)O)C(=O)O[C@@]2([C@H]2[C@]41CC(=C)[C@@](O)(C4)CC2)CCC3 HILUWRPVFKJTAD-ZGHMGGRHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019404 dichlorodifluoromethane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- VUWZPRWSIVNGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound F[CH2] VUWZPRWSIVNGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001231 less toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- HDRLZNWDSGYGBZ-KVVVOXFISA-M sodium;(z)-octadec-9-ene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCS([O-])(=O)=O HDRLZNWDSGYGBZ-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013020 steam cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005437 stratosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940029284 trichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005436 troposphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［産業上の利用分野コ
不発１１Ｊ１．は、代替フロンとして使用できると共に
、溶剤等として優れた特性を有する新規な弗素化炭化水
素系混合溶剤組成物に関するものである。[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field 11J1. relates to a novel fluorinated hydrocarbon mixed solvent composition that can be used as a CFC substitute and has excellent properties as a solvent and the like.
［従来の技術］
弗素化炭化水素系化合物（以下単にフロンという）は、
毒性が少なく不燃で化学的に安定なものが多く、標準沸
点の異なる各種フロンが入手できることから、これらの
特性を生かして精密機器類の脱脂、プリント基板のワッ
クス除去等のための洗浄剤として１，１．２− トリク
ロロ−１，２，２−トリフルオロエタン（Ｒ１］３）が
、５Ｍ泡剤としてトリクロロモノフルオロメタン（Ｒ１
１）が、フロンくラントや冷媒としてジクロロジフルオ
ロメタン［１２）が使われている。[Prior art] Fluorinated hydrocarbon compounds (hereinafter simply referred to as fluorocarbons) are
Many of them are less toxic, non-flammable, and chemically stable, and various types of fluorocarbons with different standard boiling points are available.Using these characteristics, this product can be used as a cleaning agent for degreasing precision equipment, removing wax from printed circuit boards, etc. , 1.2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (R1]3) and trichloromonofluoromethane (R1) as a 5M foaming agent.
1), dichlorodifluoromethane [12] is used as a fluorocarbon effluent or refrigerant.
［発明が解決しよ・）とする課Ｂ］
化学的に特に安定なＲ１１、Ｒ１２、Ｒ１１３は対流圏
内での寿命が長く、拡散して成層圏に達し、ここで太陽
光線により分解して発生する塩素ラジカルがオゾンと連
鎖反応を起こし、オゾン層を破壊することから、これら
の従来のフロンの使用を規制する動きがある。このため
、これらの従来のフロンに替わり、オゾン層を破壊しに
くい代替フロンの探策が活発に行われている。本発明は
、従来のフロンの使用量を低減し、且つ該フロンが有し
ている優れた特性を満足しながら代替フロンとして使用
できる新規なフロン混合物を提供することを目的とする
ものである。[Assignment B that the invention will solve] R11, R12, and R113, which are particularly stable chemically, have a long life in the troposphere and diffuse into the stratosphere, where they are decomposed and generated by sunlight. Because chlorine radicals cause a chain reaction with ozone and destroy the ozone layer, there are moves to restrict the use of these conventional fluorocarbons. For this reason, active efforts are being made to find alternative fluorocarbons that are less likely to deplete the ozone layer in place of these conventional fluorocarbons. An object of the present invention is to provide a new fluorocarbon mixture that can be used as a fluorocarbon substitute while reducing the amount of conventional fluorocarbons used and satisfying the excellent properties of the fluorocarbons.
［課題を解決するための手段］
本発明は
ＣＧ１ＦＣＦ２ＣＨＣＩＦ （Ｒ２２４ｃａ）、ＣＧ１
２ＦＣＦ２ＣＨＣＩＦ （Ｒ２２４ｃｂ）、ＣＦ２ＣＨ
２ＣｌＣｌ ２ （Ｒ２２５ｃ ａ ）、ＣＨ２ＦＣＦ
２ＣＨＣＩＦ （Ｒ２２５ｃｂ）、ＣＣＩ Ｆ２ＯＦ２
ＣＨ２Ｃｌ （Ｒ２３４ｃ ｃ）、ＣＨＦ２ＣＦ２ＣＨ
ＣＩＦ （Ｒ２３５ｃａ）、ＣＦ２ＣＨ２Ｃｌ １２Ｆ
（Ｒ２４３ｃ ｃ ）、ＣＨＦ２ＯＦ２ＣＨ２ＣＩ
（Ｒ２４４ｃ ａ ）、ＣＨ２Ｃｌ ＣＦ２ＣＨ２Ｃｌ
（Ｒ２５２ｃ ａ）、ＣＨＣｌ２ＣＦ２ＣＨ３（Ｒ
２５２ｃｂ）、ＣＨ３ＣＦ２ＣＨ２ＣＩ （Ｒ２６２
ｃ ａ）、ＣＨＦ２ＣＦ２ＣＣｌ２Ｆ （Ｒ２２５ｃ
ｃ）、ＣＨＣｌ Ｆ２Ｆ２ＣＨ３Ｉ Ｆ （Ｒ２３４ｃ
ａ）、ＣＨＦ２ＣＦ２ＣＨＣｌ２ （Ｒ２３４ｃ ｂ
）、ＣＨ２ＦＣＦ２ＣＣｌ２Ｆ （Ｒ２３４ｃ ｄ）、
ＣＦ３ＣＦ２ＣＨ２Ｃｌ （Ｒ２３５ｃ ｂ）、ＣＧ
Ｉ Ｆ２ＣＦ２ＣＨ２Ｆ （Ｒ２３５ｃ ｃ）、ＣＨ２
Ｃｌ ＣＦ２ＣＨＣｌ Ｆ （Ｒ２４３ｃ ａ）、ＣＨ
２ＦＣＦ２ＣＨＣｌ２ （Ｒ２４３ｃ ｂ）、ＣＨ２Ｆ
ＣＦ２ＣＨＣｌ Ｆ （Ｒ２４４ｃ ｂ）、ＣＧＩ Ｆ
２ＣＦ２ＣＨ３（Ｒ２４４ｃ ｃ）、ＣＨ２ＦＣＦｅＣ
Ｈ２Ｃｌ （Ｒ２５３ｃ ａ）、ＣＨ３ＣＦ２ＣＨ２
ＣＦ （Ｒ２５３ｃ ｂ）の群から選ばれる少なくとも
１種と界面活性剤及び水とからなる弗素化炭化水素系混
合溶剤組成物に関するものである。[Means for solving the problem] The present invention provides CG1FCF2CHCIF (R224ca), CG1
2FCF2CHCIF (R224cb), CF2CH
2ClCl2 (R225ca), CH2FCF
2CHCIF (R225cb), CCI F2OF2
CH2Cl (R234c c), CHF2CF2CH
CIF (R235ca), CF2CH2Cl 12F
(R243c c ), CHF2OF2CH2CI
(R244c a ), CH2Cl CF2CH2Cl
(R252c a), CHCl2CF2CH3(R
252cb), CH3CF2CH2CI (R262
c a), CHF2CF2CCl2F (R225c
c), CHCl F2F2CH3I F (R234c
a), CHF2CF2CHCl2 (R234c b
), CH2FCF2CCl2F (R234c d),
CF3CF2CH2Cl (R235c b), CG
I F2CF2CH2F (R235c c), CH2
Cl CF2CHCl F (R243c a), CH
2FCF2CHCl2 (R243c b), CH2F
CF2CHCl F (R244c b), CGIF
2CF2CH3 (R244c c), CH2FCFeC
H2Cl (R253c a), CH3CF2CH2
The present invention relates to a fluorinated hydrocarbon mixed solvent composition comprising at least one member selected from the group of CF (R253c b), a surfactant, and water.
本発明の組成物は不燃性又は難燃性であり、且つ従来の
フロン類と同等以上の洗浄力を有するものである。The composition of the present invention is nonflammable or flame retardant, and has cleaning power equivalent to or higher than that of conventional fluorocarbons.
本発明の混合溶剤組成物中における界面活性剤及び水の
混合割合は、各々１〜１５重量％、好ましくは３〜１０
重量％である。The mixing ratio of surfactant and water in the mixed solvent composition of the present invention is 1 to 15% by weight, preferably 3 to 10% by weight.
Weight%.
本発明の溶剤組成物に用いられる界面活性剤として好ま
しい構造は、
Ｒ−〇Ｓ０３ Ｘ
Ｒ＋ ＋ Ｓ・Ｏａ −Ｘ Ｉ
等であり、具体例としては、ドデシルスルホン酸ナトリ
ウム、テトラデシルスルホン酸ナトリウム、オレイルス
ルホン酸ナトリウム、ブチルオクチルベンゼンスルホン
酸ナトリウム、コハク酸シアミルエステルスルホン酸ナ
トリウム等が好ましい。Preferred structures for the surfactant used in the solvent composition of the present invention include R-〇S03 Preferred are sodium oleyl sulfonate, sodium butyloctylbenzenesulfonate, sodium cyamyl succinate sulfonate, and the like.
本発明の弗素化炭化水素系混合溶剤組成物は、従来の各
種用途に使用出来、特に従来のフロン系溶剤よりも洗浄
力が優れている点で有利である。The fluorinated hydrocarbon mixed solvent composition of the present invention can be used in various conventional applications, and is particularly advantageous in that it has better cleaning power than conventional fluorocarbon solvents.
本発明の混合溶剤組成物の具体的な用途としては水溶性
切削油の除去溶剤として、特に精密機器、プリント基板
、光学レンズ等の洗浄剤を挙げることができる。洗浄方
法としては、手拭き、浸漬、スプレー 超音波洗浄、蒸
気洗浄等を採用すればよい。Specific uses of the mixed solvent composition of the present invention include as a solvent for removing water-soluble cutting oil, particularly as a cleaning agent for precision instruments, printed circuit boards, optical lenses, and the like. As cleaning methods, hand wiping, dipping, spray ultrasonic cleaning, steam cleaning, etc. may be used.
［実施例］
第１表〜第６表に示す本発明の混合溶剤組成物を用いて
水溶性切削油の洗浄試験を行った。[Example] A water-soluble cutting oil cleaning test was conducted using the mixed solvent compositions of the present invention shown in Tables 1 to 6.
５ＵＳ−３０４のテストピース（２５ｍｍＸ３０ｍｍＸ
２ｍｍ厚）を水溶性切削油（ユニソルブＥＭ、日本石油
製）に浸漬した後、本発明の混合溶Ｍ、
日本石油製）
に浸漬した後。5US-304 test piece (25mmX30mmX
2 mm thick) in a water-soluble cutting oil (Unisolve EM, manufactured by Nippon Oil Co., Ltd.), and then in the mixed solution M of the present invention, manufactured by Nippon Oil Co., Ltd.).
本発明の混合溶 剤組成物中に５分間浸漬した。The mixed solution of the present invention The sample was immersed in the agent composition for 5 minutes.
比較例として、 １Ｊ、３についても同様の試験を行った。As a comparative example, Similar tests were conducted for 1J and 3 as well.
水溶仕切 削油の除去の度合を第１表〜第６表に示す。water soluble partition The degree of oil removal is shown in Tables 1 to 6.
第 表 内は混合比 ［重量％］ 第 表 内は混合比 ［重量％］ 第 表 内は混合比 ［重量％］ 内は混合比 ［重量％］ ◎；良好に除去できる。 Ｏ；はぼ良好。No. table The inside is the mixing ratio [weight%] No. table The inside is the mixing ratio [weight%] No. table The inside is the mixing ratio [weight%] The inside is the mixing ratio [weight%] ◎; Can be removed well. O: Good condition.
△； ＊ｇ残存。 ×；かなり残存。△; *g remaining. ×; Quite a bit left.
第
表
内は混合比
［重量％コ
［発明の効果コ
本発明の弗素化炭化水素系混合溶剤組成物は実施例から
明らかなように、例えば油脂類の洗浄効果等に優れたも
のである。又、従来使用されていたＲ１１３と同様に適
度な溶解力を持つことから、金属、プラスチック等から
成る。複合部品に悪影響を与えることなく洗浄すること
ができる。Table 1 shows the mixing ratio [wt%] [Effects of the Invention] As is clear from the Examples, the fluorinated hydrocarbon mixed solvent composition of the present invention is excellent in the cleaning effect of, for example, oils and fats. In addition, it is made of metal, plastic, etc. because it has an appropriate dissolving power like the conventionally used R113. Composite parts can be cleaned without adversely affecting them.
Claims (1)
ＣＨＣｌＦ、ＣＣｌＦ＿２ＣＦ＿２ＣＨ＿２Ｃｌ、 ＣＨＦ＿２ＣＦ＿２ＣＨＣｌＦ、ＣＨ＿３ＣＦ＿２ＣＣ
ｌ＿２Ｆ、ＣＨＦ＿２ＣＦ＿２ＣＨ＿２Ｃｌ、 ＣＨ＿２ＣｌＣＦ＿２ＣＨ＿２Ｃｌ、ＣＨＣｌ＿２ＣＦ
＿２ＣＨ＿３、ＣＨ＿３ＣＦ＿２ＣＨ＿２Ｃｌ、ＣＨＦ
＿２ＣＦ＿２ＣＣｌ＿２Ｆ、ＣＨＣ＿１ＦＣＦ＿２ＣＨ
ＣｌＦ、 ＣＨＦ＿２ＣＦ＿２ＣＨｌ＿２、ＣＨ＿２ＦＣＦ＿２Ｃ
Ｃｌ＿２Ｆ、ＣＦ＿３ＣＦ＿２ＣＨ＿２Ｃｌ、ＣＣｌＦ
＿２ＣＦ＿２ＣＨ＿２Ｆ、ＣＨ＿２ＣｌＣＦ＿２ＣＨＣ
ｌＦ、 ＣＨ＿２ＦＣＦ＿２ＣＨＣｌ＿２、ＣＨ＿２ＦＣＦ＿２
ＣＨＣｌＦ、ＣＣｌＦ＿２ＣＦ＿２ＣＨ＿３、ＣＨ＿２
ＦＣＦ＿２ＣＨ＿２Ｃｌ、ＣＨ＿３ＣＦ＿２ＣＨＣｌＦ
の群から選ばれる少なくとも１種と界面活性剤及び水と
からなる弗素化炭化水素系溶剤組成物。[Claims] 1. CClF_2CF_2CHCl_2, CCl_2FCF_2CHClF, CF_3CF_2CHCl_2, CClF_2CF_2
CHClF, CClF_2CF_2CH_2Cl, CHF_2CF_2CHClF, CH_3CF_2CC
l_2F, CHF_2CF_2CH_2Cl, CH_2ClCF_2CH_2Cl, CHCl_2CF
_2CH_3, CH_3CF_2CH_2Cl, CHF
_2CF_2CCl_2F, CHC_1FCF_2CH
ClF, CHF_2CF_2CHl_2, CH_2FCF_2C
Cl_2F, CF_3CF_2CH_2Cl, CClF
_2CF_2CH_2F, CH_2ClCF_2CHC
IF, CH_2FCF_2CHCl_2, CH_2FCF_2
CHClF, CClF_2CF_2CH_3, CH_2
FCF_2CH_2Cl, CH_3CF_2CHClF
A fluorinated hydrocarbon solvent composition comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of a surfactant and water.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1023938A JPH02204467A (en) | 1989-02-03 | 1989-02-03 | Fluorinated hydrocarbon mixed solvent composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1023938A JPH02204467A (en) | 1989-02-03 | 1989-02-03 | Fluorinated hydrocarbon mixed solvent composition |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02204467A true JPH02204467A (en) | 1990-08-14 |
Family
ID=12124471
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1023938A Pending JPH02204467A (en) | 1989-02-03 | 1989-02-03 | Fluorinated hydrocarbon mixed solvent composition |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH02204467A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5399281A (en) * | 1990-08-30 | 1995-03-21 | Kali-Chemie Ag | Composition with hydrogen-containing fluorochlorohydrocarbons |
-
1989
- 1989-02-03 JP JP1023938A patent/JPH02204467A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5399281A (en) * | 1990-08-30 | 1995-03-21 | Kali-Chemie Ag | Composition with hydrogen-containing fluorochlorohydrocarbons |
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