JPH02179470A - Method and apparatus for measuring property of rock bed - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for measuring property of rock bedInfo
- Publication number
- JPH02179470A JPH02179470A JP63333373A JP33337388A JPH02179470A JP H02179470 A JPH02179470 A JP H02179470A JP 63333373 A JP63333373 A JP 63333373A JP 33337388 A JP33337388 A JP 33337388A JP H02179470 A JPH02179470 A JP H02179470A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- rock
- signal
- vibration
- measured
- properties
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002463 transducing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
ｒ 産業上の利用分野 】
本発明は、岩盤の性状を客観的に測定する方法とその方
法に用いる測炬装置に関する。r Industrial Application Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for objectively measuring the properties of rock and a measuring device used in the method.
従奥は、岩盤の性状を測定して分類する方法としては、
現場において、測定者が対象とする岩盤をロックハンマ
ーにて打診し、そのときの音を聴き、澄んだ音であるか
、すこし濁った音であるが、多少濁った音であるか、濁
った音であるが、もしくは著しく濁った音であるか等の
違いと、肉眼による目視観測の結果に基づいて、当該岩
盤の性状を分類することが行われていた。Juoku is a method for measuring and classifying the properties of rock.
At the site, the measurer percusses the target rock with a rock hammer, listens to the sound, and determines whether the sound is clear or slightly muddy. The properties of the rock in question were classified based on whether the sound was a strong sound or a very muddy sound, and based on the results of visual observation with the naked eye.
ところが、前述した従来の方法によれば、測定者の聴覚
と視覚と経験とに基づいて、岩盤の性状を測定分類する
ので、測定者の相違により測定結果に個人差が発生し、
正確な測定結果を得るには十分な経験を積んだ技術者に
よって、上記測定を行う必要があるという問題がある。
また、同一測定者であっても、測定するときの体調や環
境の相違によって、安定した再現性が得られな（なると
いう問題もある。
このようにして得た測定結果によって、岩盤にトンネル
等の空洞を形成するときの支保の工法が決定されるので
、不正確な測定であっては、安全性に問題がある。
そこで、本発明では、正確且つ再現性の高い客観的な岩
盤の測定方法とその方法に用いる装置を堤供することを
課題としている。However, according to the conventional method described above, the rock properties are measured and classified based on the auditory sense, visual sense, and experience of the measurer, so individual differences occur in the measurement results due to the difference in the measurer.
There is a problem in that the above measurements must be carried out by a technician with sufficient experience in order to obtain accurate measurement results. In addition, there is also the problem that stable reproducibility may not be obtained due to differences in physical condition or environment at the time of measurement, even if the measurement is performed by the same person. Since the construction method of the support is determined when forming the cavity, inaccurate measurements pose a safety problem.Therefore, in the present invention, we have developed an objective rock measurement method that is accurate and highly reproducible. The task is to provide the method and the equipment used in the method.
本発明は上記課題に鑑みなされたものであって、本発明
にかかる岩盤の性状測定方法では、測定対象の岩盤を打
撃し、発生した振動を検出して電気信号に変換し、その
信号を周波数分析して周波数分布特性を得ることによっ
て、当該岩盤の性状を測定するようにした。
そして、本発明にかかる岩盤の性状測定装置では、測定
対象の岩盤を打撃する打撃手段と、打撃によって発生し
た振動を検出して振動信号として出力する振動検出手段
と、前記振動信号の周波数分布特性を得る周波数分析手
段とを備えるという手段を講じた。
また、前記振動検出手段を打撃手段に設けても良い。The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and in the rock property measuring method according to the present invention, the rock mass to be measured is struck, the generated vibration is detected and converted into an electrical signal, and the signal is transmitted at a frequency of By analyzing and obtaining the frequency distribution characteristics, the properties of the rock mass were measured. The rock mass property measuring device according to the present invention includes a striking means for striking the rock mass to be measured, a vibration detecting means for detecting the vibration generated by the striking and outputting it as a vibration signal, and a frequency distribution characteristic of the vibration signal. A method was taken to provide a frequency analysis means for obtaining the . Further, the vibration detection means may be provided in the striking means.
本発明にかかる岩盤の性状測定方法によれば、測定対象
の岩盤を打撃することによって発生した振動を検出して
電気信号に変換し、その信号を周波数分析して周波数分
布特性を得る。
このようにして得られた周波数分布特性は、当該岩盤の
性状によって特定の分布特性を現するので、この周波数
分布特性によって当該岩盤の性状を測定し分類すること
ができるのである。
予め、対象岩盤に対して、上記方法にて周波数分布特性
を測定するとともに、従来の方法等で当該岩盤の性状を
判定し、周波数分布特性とそれに対応する岩盤性状との
対応図（較正図）を得ておき、本発明にかかる岩盤性状
の測定方法にて測定した周波数分布特性と前記較正図と
に基づいて、当該岩盤の性状を測定分類さらには、判定
することもできるのである。
そして、本発明にかかる岩盤の性状測定装置においては
、打撃手段によって測定対象の岩盤を打撃し、発生した
振動を振動検出手段によって検出して振動信号として出
力する。
さらに、前記振動信号を周波数分析手段によって分析し
、周波数分布特性を得る。
このようにして得られた周波数分布特性は、当該岩盤の
性状によって特定の分布特性を現するので、この周波数
分布特性によって当該岩盤の性状を測定し分類すること
ができるのである。
そして、前記振動検出手段を打撃手段に設けると、打撃
によって打撃手段に発生した振動を直接検出できるので
、周囲の雑音等の影響を受けにくい。According to the method for measuring properties of rock according to the present invention, vibrations generated by hitting the rock to be measured are detected and converted into electrical signals, and the signals are frequency-analyzed to obtain frequency distribution characteristics. The frequency distribution characteristics obtained in this way express specific distribution characteristics depending on the properties of the rock mass, so the properties of the rock mass can be measured and classified based on these frequency distribution characteristics. In advance, measure the frequency distribution characteristics of the target rock mass using the above method, determine the properties of the rock mass using conventional methods, etc., and create a correspondence diagram (calibration diagram) between the frequency distribution characteristics and the corresponding rock mass properties. Based on the frequency distribution characteristics measured by the method for measuring rock properties according to the present invention and the calibration diagram, the properties of the rock mass can be measured, classified, and even determined. In the rock mass property measuring device according to the present invention, the rock mass to be measured is struck by the striking means, and the generated vibration is detected by the vibration detection means and output as a vibration signal. Furthermore, the vibration signal is analyzed by a frequency analysis means to obtain frequency distribution characteristics. The frequency distribution characteristics obtained in this way express specific distribution characteristics depending on the properties of the rock mass, so the properties of the rock mass can be measured and classified based on these frequency distribution characteristics. When the vibration detecting means is provided in the striking means, the vibration generated in the striking means by the striking can be directly detected, so that it is less susceptible to the influence of surrounding noise.
以下に本発明にかかる岩盤の性状測定方法とその方法に
用いる測定装置を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。
図面において、
ｌは打撃手段としての金属製のロックハンマー２は該ロ
ックハンマー１に内設した振動検出手段としての圧電素
子、３はプリアンプ、４はＡ／Ｄ変換回路、５ばメモリ
、６はＦＦＴプロセッサー７は液晶デイスプレィである
。
前記Ａ／Ｄ変換回路４、メモリ５、およびＦＦＴプロセ
ンサー６によって周波数分析手段８を構成した。
前記圧電素子２は、第２図に示すように、前記ロックハ
ンマー１の内部に設けた空洞の底面１１にその一極を導
電状態に固定し、他極に接続した信号線２】と前記ロッ
クハンマーｌの本体に接続した信号ｆ１２２により、前
記ロックハンマー１に発生する打撃方向の振動を検出し
、振動信号として出力する。
該振動信号は、前記プリアンプ３にて所定のレベルに増
幅され、前記Ａ／Ｄ変換回路によってデジタル信号に変
換され、前記メモリ５に記憶される。
該メモリ５に記憶された信号を前記ＦＦＴプロセンサー
６によって逐次読みだしてフーリエ変換し、周波数スペ
クトル分布特性を得て、前記液晶デイスプレィ７にて周
波数スペクトル分布特性をグラフィック表示もしくは文
字記号等にて表示する。
このようにして、岩盤を打撃することによって当該岩盤
の性状に対応した周波数スペクトル分布特性を得る。
そして、得られた周波数スペクトル分布特性を基準とな
る較正図と比較して当該岩盤の性状を判定するのである
。
なお、前記較正図は、第３図に示すように、性状測定を
しようとする現場において異なる地質毎に予め測定して
作成しておく。
即ち、測定対象の岩盤を本発明のロックハンマーによっ
て打撃し、周波数スペクトル分布特性を得るとともに、
前記ロックハンマーによる打撃音と岩盤の目視観察結果
に基づいて当該岩盤の性状を判定し、当該岩盤における
較正図を得るのである。この作業は複数回おこなって信
頼性を高めることが望まれる。また、正確な測定のため
には、この較正図は、現場ごとに作成することが望まれ
る。
前記プリアンプ３、Ａ／Ｄ変換回路４、メモリ５、ＦＦ
Ｔプロセッサー６、および液晶デイスプレィ７の全てを
前記ロックハンマー１の柄の部分等に内蔵して一体化し
ても良い。
更に、前記メモリ５に前記較正図のデータも記憶し、打
撃測定するたびにこの較正図のデータと比較することに
よって、当該岩盤の性状を判定し、その判定結果を液晶
デイスプレィ７によって表示するように構成しても良い
。
なお、前記圧電素子２に代えて、マイクロフォンや半導
体ピックアップ等の振動検出手段を用いても良く、前記
ＦＦＴプロセッサ６によるデジタル処理に代えてアナロ
グ処理によって周波数分析して周波数分布特性を得ても
良い。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A rock property measuring method and a measuring device used in the method according to the present invention will be explained in detail below with reference to the drawings. In the drawing, l is a metal rock hammer 2 as a striking means, a piezoelectric element is installed in the rock hammer 1 as a vibration detection means, 3 is a preamplifier, 4 is an A/D conversion circuit, 5 is a memory, and 6 is a The FFT processor 7 is a liquid crystal display. The A/D conversion circuit 4, the memory 5, and the FFT processor 6 constituted a frequency analysis means 8. As shown in FIG. 2, one pole of the piezoelectric element 2 is fixed in a conductive state to the bottom surface 11 of a cavity provided inside the rock hammer 1, and the signal wire 2 connected to the other pole is connected to the lock. Vibrations generated in the rock hammer 1 in the striking direction are detected by a signal f122 connected to the main body of the hammer 1 and output as a vibration signal. The vibration signal is amplified to a predetermined level by the preamplifier 3, converted into a digital signal by the A/D conversion circuit, and stored in the memory 5. The signals stored in the memory 5 are sequentially read out by the FFT processor 6 and subjected to Fourier transformation to obtain frequency spectrum distribution characteristics, and the frequency spectrum distribution characteristics are displayed graphically or as characters and symbols on the liquid crystal display 7. indicate. In this way, by striking the rock mass, a frequency spectrum distribution characteristic corresponding to the properties of the rock mass is obtained. The obtained frequency spectrum distribution characteristics are then compared with a reference calibration diagram to determine the properties of the rock mass. Note that, as shown in FIG. 3, the calibration map is prepared in advance by measuring each different geology at the site where the properties are to be measured. That is, the rock mass to be measured is struck with the rock hammer of the present invention to obtain the frequency spectrum distribution characteristics, and
The properties of the rock mass are determined based on the sound of the rock hammer and the results of visual observation of the rock mass, and a calibration diagram for the rock mass is obtained. It is desirable to perform this work multiple times to improve reliability. In addition, for accurate measurements, it is desirable to create this calibration diagram for each site. The preamplifier 3, A/D conversion circuit 4, memory 5, FF
The T-processor 6 and the liquid crystal display 7 may all be integrated into the handle of the rock hammer 1. Furthermore, the data of the calibration diagram is also stored in the memory 5, and the properties of the rock mass are determined by comparing the data with the data of the calibration diagram every time impact measurement is performed, and the determination result is displayed on the liquid crystal display 7. It may be configured as follows. Note that, instead of the piezoelectric element 2, a vibration detection means such as a microphone or a semiconductor pickup may be used, and instead of the digital processing by the FFT processor 6, frequency analysis may be performed by analog processing to obtain frequency distribution characteristics. .
このようにして、本発明にかかる岩盤の性状測定方法に
よれば、測定対象の岩盤を打撃することによって発生し
た振動を検出して電気信号に変換し、その信号を周波数
分析して得られた周波数分布特性によって当該岩盤の性
状を測定し分類するので、測定者が異なっても測定結果
に差異は発生せず、また、経験の少ない技術者であって
も正確な測定結果を得ることができるという効果が得ら
れる。
また、測定時点の測定者の体調や周囲の環境が異なって
も安定した再現性が得られるという効果も得られる。
このとき、予め、対象岩盤を打撃して得た周波数分布特
性と、当該岩盤を従来の方法で測定して得た岩盤性状と
の相関関係を得ておくことにより、正確な岩盤性状の判
定をすることもできるのである。
このようにして得た岩盤性状に基づいて支保の工法を決
定するので、適切な工法を選定でき、安全性が高くなる
という効果も得られる。
そして、本発明にかかる岩盤の性状測定装置によれば、
上記効果が得られるとともに、測定結果が表示手段によ
って直ちに表示されるので、確実且つ速やかに測定する
ことが可能となるのである。
よって、工事現場等においても、岩盤の性状の変化を随
時とらえることができるので、常に最適な支保工を施工
することが可能となる。
また、前記打撃手段に振動検出段を備えることによって
、打撃によって発生した振動を、前記打撃手段に設けた
振動検出手段によって直接検出できるので、周囲の雑音
等の影響を受けない安定した信頼性の高い測定を行うこ
とが可能となるのである。In this way, according to the method for measuring properties of rock according to the present invention, the vibration generated by hitting the rock to be measured is detected, converted into an electrical signal, and the signal is obtained by frequency analysis. Since the properties of the rock are measured and classified based on the frequency distribution characteristics, there will be no difference in measurement results even if the measurement is performed by different operators, and even engineers with little experience can obtain accurate measurement results. This effect can be obtained. In addition, stable reproducibility can be obtained even if the physical condition of the person taking the measurement or the surrounding environment at the time of measurement is different. At this time, by obtaining a correlation in advance between the frequency distribution characteristics obtained by hitting the target rock mass and the rock mass properties obtained by measuring the rock mass using conventional methods, it is possible to accurately determine the rock mass properties. It is also possible to do so. Since the method of construction of the support is determined based on the rock properties obtained in this way, an appropriate construction method can be selected, and the effect of increasing safety can also be obtained. According to the rock property measuring device according to the present invention,
Since the above effects are obtained and the measurement results are immediately displayed on the display means, it is possible to perform measurements reliably and quickly. Therefore, changes in the properties of the rock mass can be detected at any time at construction sites, etc., so it is possible to always construct optimal shoring. Furthermore, by providing the vibration detection stage in the striking means, the vibrations generated by the striking can be directly detected by the vibration detection means provided in the striking means, thereby providing stable reliability that is not affected by surrounding noise, etc. This makes it possible to perform highly accurate measurements.
第１図は本発明にかかる岩盤の性状測定方法に用いる測
定装置のブロック構成図、第２図は上記測定装置に用い
るロックハンマーの一部断面側面図、第３図は岩盤性状
によって異なる周波数スペクトル分布特性を示す較正図
である。
１・・・打撃手段（ロックハンマー）、２・・・振動検
出手段（圧電素子）、
８・・・周波数分析手段（Ｄ／Ａ変換回路、メモリ、Ｆ
ＦＴプロセッサー）。Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a measuring device used in the rock property measuring method according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is a partial cross-sectional side view of a rock hammer used in the above measuring device, and Fig. 3 is a frequency spectrum that varies depending on the rock property. FIG. 3 is a calibration diagram showing distribution characteristics. 1... Hitting means (rock hammer), 2... Vibration detection means (piezoelectric element), 8... Frequency analysis means (D/A conversion circuit, memory, F
FT processor).
Claims (3)
て電気信号に変換し、その信号を周波数分析して周波数
分布特性を得ることによって、当該岩盤の性状を測定す
る岩盤の性状測定方法。(1) Rock property measurement that measures the properties of the rock by hitting the rock to be measured, detecting the generated vibration, converting it into an electrical signal, and analyzing the frequency of the signal to obtain frequency distribution characteristics. Method.
って発生した振動を検出して振動信号として出力する振
動検出手段と、 前記振動信号の周波数分布特性を得る周波数分析手段と
を備えてなる岩盤の性状測定装置。(2) Comprising a striking means for striking the rock mass to be measured, a vibration detecting means for detecting the vibration generated by the striking and outputting it as a vibration signal, and a frequency analyzing means for obtaining the frequency distribution characteristics of the vibration signal. Rock property measuring device.
とを特徴とする請求項（２）記載の岩盤の性状測定装置
。(3) The rock property measuring device according to claim (2), wherein the vibration detection means is provided in the striking means.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63333373A JPH02179470A (en) | 1988-12-30 | 1988-12-30 | Method and apparatus for measuring property of rock bed |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63333373A JPH02179470A (en) | 1988-12-30 | 1988-12-30 | Method and apparatus for measuring property of rock bed |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02179470A true JPH02179470A (en) | 1990-07-12 |
Family
ID=18265384
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63333373A Pending JPH02179470A (en) | 1988-12-30 | 1988-12-30 | Method and apparatus for measuring property of rock bed |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH02179470A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07280779A (en) * | 1994-04-11 | 1995-10-27 | Chukichi Sato | Non-destructive inspection apparatus |
| CN1299902C (en) * | 2001-08-21 | 2007-02-14 | 佳能株式会社 | Signal output device and image forming device |
| JP2019065648A (en) * | 2017-10-04 | 2019-04-25 | 株式会社大林組 | Cutting face evaluation device |
| JP2019109168A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2019-07-04 | 株式会社安藤・間 | Bedrock evaluation method |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5948655A (en) * | 1982-09-11 | 1984-03-19 | Okayamaken | Method and apparatus for inspecting quality of cast iron product |
| JPS60200165A (en) * | 1984-03-24 | 1985-10-09 | Dia Consultant:Kk | Analysis of percussion sound |
-
1988
- 1988-12-30 JP JP63333373A patent/JPH02179470A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5948655A (en) * | 1982-09-11 | 1984-03-19 | Okayamaken | Method and apparatus for inspecting quality of cast iron product |
| JPS60200165A (en) * | 1984-03-24 | 1985-10-09 | Dia Consultant:Kk | Analysis of percussion sound |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07280779A (en) * | 1994-04-11 | 1995-10-27 | Chukichi Sato | Non-destructive inspection apparatus |
| CN1299902C (en) * | 2001-08-21 | 2007-02-14 | 佳能株式会社 | Signal output device and image forming device |
| JP2019065648A (en) * | 2017-10-04 | 2019-04-25 | 株式会社大林組 | Cutting face evaluation device |
| JP2019109168A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2019-07-04 | 株式会社安藤・間 | Bedrock evaluation method |
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