JPH0217129B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a method for producing cultivated mushrooms grown in containers such as bottles, and is particularly characterized by shortening sterilization time and saving energy.

(Prior art) Conventionally, sawdust was made to contain a certain amount of moisture, a considerable amount of rice bran was mixed into it, and after being put into a container such as a bottle, it was placed in an open steam chamber or pressure vessel. After putting it in and sterilizing it at around 100℃ to 120℃ for 2 to 4 hours, the bacteria germinated and sprouted, which led to cultivation.

(Problem to be solved by the invention) In conventional bottle sterilization, a moist heat sterilization method using steam was used to sterilize bottles by placing them in an open heater at around 100°C or a pressure vessel at around 120°C. Because there is a large amount of air in the container, a temperature difference occurs within the container even if the temperature inside the pressure container is 120°C. On the other hand, even though the inside of the pressure vessel is high-temperature and moist heat, the inside of the bottle container is dry heat. Therefore, the bactericidal effect is extremely poor. In other words, in the sterilization method that was conventionally thought to be moist heat sterilization, the bottles were placed in a heating chamber while still being cooled and heated from the outside, so the air in the bottles was exhausted by the amount of expansion. Since the heated air remains at a constant temperature and is not discharged to the outside, it is essentially dry heat sterilized.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a mushroom cultivation method that uses moist heat sterilization to improve the sterilization effect and perform ideal mushroom cultivation, and at the same time, can sufficiently exhibit the energy-saving effect. .

(Means for solving the problem) The above problem is caused by the method of cultivating mushrooms using a container such as a bottle.After the required materials such as sawdust and rice bran are stored in the container, steam is inserted into the container and the required amount is Completely degas the container by raising the temperature to the desired temperature. After degassing, close the opening of the container and place it in a heat-retaining cabinet.
The problem is solved by a mushroom cultivation method characterized by continuing moist heat sterilization inside the container by protecting this, and then cultivating the bacteria by propagation and sprouting.

(Embodiment of the present invention) A first embodiment of the present invention will be described based on FIG.

Since the steam sent from the boiler is saturated steam and contains hot water, it is removed in separator 1 and quickly discharged in a trap to create dry steam and then the pressure reducing valve is used for heat management. 2, the pressure is reduced as much as possible (currently 0.2 kg/cm ² ) and sent into the steam distributor 3. At this time, a temperature controller 4, a sensor 5, and an electric valve 6 are used to further reduce the pressure. Low-pressure steam is produced and the pressure in the distributor 7 is maintained at 0.05 Kg/cm ² or 102-103°C.
A conduit 9 for supplying air into the bottle 8 is taken out from the distributor 7, a solenoid valve 10 is attached to the side of the distributor, and the air supply time is controlled by a timer 11 for an arbitrary amount of time and the amount of steam can be inserted. , at this time, the temperature regulator 4 cannot cope with the fluctuations in the amount of steam, so
By installing a solenoid valve 12 in parallel with the electric valve 6 and operating it simultaneously with the solenoid valve 10 after the distributor 7, pressure drop in the distributor 7 is prevented. Furthermore, when the use of steam is interrupted, there is a pressure drop due to heat dissipation from the distributor and the conduit, but the temperature regulator 4 works to compensate for this and maintains the temperature constant. The conduit 9 coming out of the distributor 7 passes through the solenoid valve 10 and is supplied with air, but while the solenoid valve 10 is stopped, air is not supplied, so the subsequent conduits are cooled and the steam in the conduit 9 becomes water droplets and is sent next time. Since water droplets are inserted when air is supplied, the conduit after the electromagnetic valve is passed through the steam chamber 13 so that it is kept warm and not cooled even when air is not supplied.

Since a large number of conduits 9 (for example 12) are used simultaneously, the distributor 3 has a large capacity for delivering steam evenly. Further, the conduit 9 is taken out from the upper part of the distributor 7, and a drain discharge pipe is installed at the lower part of the distributor 7 so as not to send in humid steam and water droplets, and the drain is quickly discharged using a trap.

The lengths of the solenoid valve 10 after the distributor 7 and the conduit 9 after the solenoid valve 10 are all made the same length so that the same amount of steam is sent into the bottle in a fixed time. Since the steam sent into the bottle may expel sawdust that is not at very low pressure, this adjustment can be made freely by the pressure reducing valve 2 and the temperature regulator 4.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, the mechanical structure for supplying steam into the bin 8 is that in the case of a continuous machine, the bin 8 is moved in a fixed direction by a conveyor 14, and is stopped at the bottom of the air supply conduit 9 at the same time. The conduit 9 enters the bottle 8, and after a certain period of air supply, the conduit 9 rises to the top and the bottle 9 is moved by a conveyor 14. In the manual type, the conduit 9 is fixed in a fixed position, A bottle 8 rises from the bottom toward the conduit and supplies air for a certain period of time.

As described above, in the present invention, after putting materials (sawdust and rice bran) into a container such as a bottle, steam is inserted to exhaust the air in the bottle, but at the same time the temperature of the sterilized material is increased. This technology takes advantage of the fact that complete deaeration can be achieved by raising the temperature to the highest temperature under atmospheric pressure.After deaeration, the opening of the bottle is immediately closed, and the contents of the bottle are protected by being placed in a heat-insulating cabinet. This method continues sterilization using moist heat. When heating to a temperature higher than the heating temperature, high-temperature heating can be achieved by applying pressure using a pressure vessel.

In this case, once the inside of the bottle is heated and degassed, a vacuum state will occur inside the bottle when it is cooled, and outside air will be sucked in and bacteria will be mixed in. Therefore, it should be kept warm or heated immediately to prevent it from cooling. It needs to be warmed up.

In this example, the heat insulating warehouse is kept warm by superheated air, but considering the difference in heating the inside of the insulating warehouse between superheated air and steam compared to 1 cubic meter, it is much larger than air.
0.21Kcal/m ³ ℃, and steam has 0.58Kcal/m ³ ℃, which means air can satisfy the condition with less than 1/3 of the amount of heat, and steam is also lighter when escaping by opening a door. Run away quickly for the sake of it. (The higher the temperature and pressure, the faster the steam escapes.) On the other hand, in the case of air, only the temperature difference moves, so there is relatively little temperature change inside the refrigerator. In other words, when it comes to the problem of energy loss in thermal storage, steam has a much better heat transfer coefficient, so it conducts heat to the outer wall of the insulation storage well and radiates a lot of heat. Because the heat conduction is poor, there is also little heat dissipation. Furthermore, regarding the cooling method, in the case of dry heat sterilization, there is no particular problem with natural cooling as it only involves the contraction of air, but in the case of moist heat sterilization, the temperature inside the bottle may rise, but especially when cooling the bottle, there is no particular problem. As the steam inside condenses, it creates an extreme vacuum, and when the bottle is cooled in a sealed state, the contents, as well as a typical bottle container, are extremely deformed. For this reason, after sterilization, the bottles must be opened and cooled in a sterile room immediately. Even in this case, uniformity and stability can be increased by post-sterilization treatment by inserting sterile air.

(Effects of the present invention) However, according to the present invention, the sterilization method conventionally thought to be moist heat is actually dry heat sterilization, and it has been difficult to obtain a suitable sterilization effect, but according to the present invention, it is completely The sterilization effect has been improved because it uses moist heat sterilization. Coupled with this, a sufficient sterilization effect can be achieved in 10 to 40 minutes instead of the conventional sterilization time of 2 to 4 hours, which is highly effective in improving work efficiency and saving energy.

In terms of equipment, conventionally everything inside the container was heated using moist heat, but if the inside of the bottle is to be sterilized at 100℃, dry heat can be used inside the container, but if the temperature is over 100℃, moist heat is used in a pressure vessel. , the temperature inside the bottle has already risen within 100℃, so the amount of heat needed to keep the inside of the container warm is sufficient, and only a very small amount of energy is required. Since the temperature has already risen to about 100℃ compared to the case of overheating from the conventional cooling state,
It is sufficient to heat the product to 10 to 20°C above 100°C, and after that, it is sufficient to maintain the heat-retaining state, and there is no need to open the relief valve to discharge the air in the conventional pressure device and the bottle.

Regarding the method of adding water, conventionally, a considerable amount of water is added to the material before bottling it. Therefore, during sterilization, air removes moisture from the surface of the material, and some of the expanded air is expelled. The amount tended to decrease. In addition, between the moisture originally contained in the raw materials and the moisture immediately before bottling, the moisture content was not averaged, and the sterilization state was not constant, which caused it to be impossible to achieve uniformity during cultivation. In the case of the invention, almost no water is added before bottling, and 10% to 15% of the total weight can be easily added by adding steam, and by extending the air supply time. The amount can be increased freely, and since water is added during steaming, the water content of the material becomes constant, the sterilization state becomes uniform, and uniform cultivation becomes possible.

As described above, according to the mushroom cultivation method of the present invention, it is possible to carry out efficient and sufficient moist heat sterilization, so there is no room for bacteria to enter and multiply, and mushroom cultivation can be carried out economically and favorably while saving energy. It became possible.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a moist heat sterilization process for containers such as bottles used in the mushroom cultivation method of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is another example of containers such as bottles used in the mushroom cultivation method of the present invention. It is a schematic side view showing the wet heat sterilization process concerning. 1... Separator, 2... Pressure reducing valve, 3... Steam distributor, 4... Temperature controller, 5... Sensor,
6...Electric valve, 7...Distributor, 8...Bin,
9... Conduit, 10... Solenoid valve, 11... Timer, 12... Solenoid valve, 13... Steam room, 14...
conveyor.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a mushroom cultivation method using a container such as a bottle, after storing necessary materials such as sawdust and rice bran in the container, steam is inserted into the container and the temperature is raised to the required temperature to completely degas the container. The mushroom cultivation method is characterized in that the opening of the container is then closed and the container is placed in a heat insulating chamber to protect the container to continue moist heat sterilization inside the container, after which the bacteria propagate and sprout.