JPH02171127A - Bait for fish and shellfish - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the title bait resistant to oxidation during its storage, containing mold fungi containing omega-3-based high-degree unsaturated fatty acid etc. CONSTITUTION:The objective bait containing mold fungi containing a omega-3-based high-degree unsaturated fatty acid, its ester and/or fatty oil containing same [pref. belonging to Actinomucor, Aspergillus, Backusella, Cunninghamella, Halteromyces, Mortierella, Parasitella, Phycomyces, Rhizomucor or Saprolegnia sp., e.g. Mortierella elongata SAM 0219 (FERM P-8703)].

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention is directed to micro-feeding organisms comprising filamentous fungi that contain high concentrations of omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids, their esters, and/or fats and oils containing them. The present invention relates to a feed for fish and shellfish, a feed for fish and shellfish, and a method for cultivating fish and shellfish using the feed.

[Prior art]

Traditionally, in the cultivation of fish, shellfish, and crustaceans, seedlings (larval fish)
For production, microscopic biological feed (zooplankton such as the rotifer [hereinafter referred to as rotifer] and brine shrimp) is used, and in order to cultivate young fish, it is first necessary to cultivate these microscopic organisms. be. When culturing these microorganisms, consider the nutritional requirements of the young fish that will later ingest them as food. Omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (eicosatetraenoic acid (20:4), eicosapentaenoic acid [20:4], which are essential nutritional components)
0:5, hereinafter abbreviated as EPA], docosapentaene M (2
2:5), docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, hereinafter referred to as DHA)
Marine chlorella and oleaginous yeast are used. These are prepared by culturing, but in the case of marine chlorella, it is difficult to provide a stable supply as it is easily affected by weather conditions, and the content of DMA, which has recently been reported to be more effective than EPA for the growth of young fish, is extremely high. Furthermore, the EPA content is not very high, so when chlorella rotifers are fed, the amount required by young fish cannot be fully met. In addition, although oleaginous yeast contains DMA and is nutritionally superior, the total content of ω-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids is as low as 4% (based on the weight of oleaginous yeast), and furthermore, it does not adhere to the surface. There are management problems, such as the oils and fats used in the process to be easily oxidized and the need for frozen storage.

On the other hand, in place of the above-mentioned microorganism feeds, which are difficult to provide stably, feeds containing fine particles have been developed and have recently come to be used as initial feeds for young fish. Fine particle compound feed has the advantage that it is powdered and can be fed automatically, is easy to manage, and has various particle sizes so that it can be used according to the growth period of young fish. However, the content of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the feed is low at 3-5%, and it does not contain vitamin E, which is essential for young fish, nutritionally not meeting the nutritional requirements of young fish. It does not meet the requirements.

Furthermore, raw minced meat such as sardines is often used as feed from the later stages of fry to adult fish, and depending on nutritional requirements, mixed feeds containing various vitamin sources and rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are used. Fish oils such as cod liver oil, squid oil, sardine oil, and salmon oil are used in combination. In terms of -C, fish oil is used in the form of minced raw feed or fishmeal and a kneading agent for mixed feed, and is often fed to fish as moist pellet feed. However, fish oil is easily oxidized during storage [peroxide value (hereinafter abbreviated as POV value) 10 to 30 n
+eq/kg), if left in moist pellet form under sunlight outdoors for a long time, it will be further oxidized (POv value 50
~70 meq/kg) ;
Shi? It is known that in this case, the amount of vitamins C and E in the body decreases, and symptoms such as growth arrest, sagging symptoms, severe anemia, and proptosis of the eyes tend to appear, leading to a decrease in survival rate. However, there is a problem in that careful attention must be paid to storage and feeding methods.

[Problems and effects to be solved by the invention] Therefore, the present invention provides that filamentous fungi
Taking advantage of the property of accumulating these components at high concentrations in a form that is difficult to oxidize, microfeed animal feeds, fish and shellfish feeds, comprising filamentous fungi containing these components at high concentrations;
The present invention also provides a method for cultivating fish and shellfish using the same.

[Means to solve the problem]

Therefore, the present invention provides a microfeed for organisms comprising a filamentous fungus containing an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, an ester thereof, and/or an oil or fat containing the same; Food for fish and shellfish comprising filamentous fungi containing oils and/or fats containing the same; microfeed organisms comprising filamentous fungi containing omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids, their esters and/or oils and fats containing them The present invention provides a feed for fish and shellfish comprising microfeed organisms cultivated using the feed for fish and shellfish; and a method for cultivating fish and shellfish, characterized in that the feed for fish and shellfish is fed to the fish and shellfish.

[Specific explanation]

In the present invention, any microorganism can be used as long as it has the ability to accumulate ω-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E in a form that is difficult to oxidize and at a high concentration. Examples of such microorganisms include Actinomucor J71, Aspergillus spp., Backella spp.
usel la) liI, Cunninghamera (Cunni)
nghamel la) genus, Halteromyces (Ha
teromyces), Mortierella (Mor
tierel la), Paras
tierla) Has Phycomyces (Phyco
myces), Rhizomucor
), Saprolegnia genus, and the like. For example, in the genus Mortierella,
Mortierella elongata
List the following examples: Frog Nami ■ IFO 8570, Mortierella exiguaco anus Dan anal Sha ■ Mouth Dan) IPO 8571 Mortierella hygrophylla (Morterella kinetic obstruction ↓ 1a) IFO 5941, Mortierella albina % u μ mountain fall society 且匝) IPO 8568, etc. Can be done. All of these strains can be obtained from the Fermentation Research Institute without any restrictions.

In addition, the present inventors isolated the bacterial strain Mortierella elongata SAM 0219 (Feikoken Bacteria Collection No. 870).
3) (Feikoken Jokyo No. 1239) can also be used.

When such microorganisms are cultured in the presence of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins, these are taken up or adsorbed to the bacterial cells, and stable ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins can be obtained. Can be done. In other words, in the case of ω-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids, for example, eicosatetraenoic acid, EPA, cosapene citric acid, and DMA are used in the form of free fatty acids or fatty acid esters, or in the form of containing oils and fats such as fish oil. In the case of vitamin E, in the free form or in the form of esters, or in the form of inclusions such as soybean meal or wheat germ, each may be added alone or in combination to a medium and grown in this medium. This is achieved by pulverizing the microbial cells to an appropriate particle size.

In the present invention, ω-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids refer to ω
It means a fatty acid having a double bond at the -3 position and three or more double bonds in the carbon chain, preferably having 20 or more carbon atoms. Examples of such highly unsaturated fatty acids include eicosatetraenoic acid (20:4),
EPA (20: 5), docosaben citric acid (22:
5), DHA C22:6), etc., and these highly unsaturated fatty acids are added to the medium in the form of free fatty acids, fatty acid salts, fatty acid esters, or oils and fats contained therein, either alone or in combination. Practically, it is preferable to use oils and fats derived from fish, shellfish, and crustaceans, and their hydrolysates and esters, such as sardine oil, cod liver oil, squid oil, mackerel oil, and salmon oil. Sardine oil, etc. also contains saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids, but since microorganisms metabolize and consume these saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids as carbon sources, increasing the number of culture days increases the amount of highly unsaturated fatty acids. The content of will further increase. Also, as vitamin E,
Tocopherols include all tocotrienols, which can be used in free form or ester form, but vitamin E
It can also be used in the form of wheat germ, rice bran, soybean, corn, cottonseed, etc., or their extracted oils.

After culturing, the culture is sterilized and preferably dried. Drying can be performed by freeze drying, air drying, heat drying, etc. The bacterial cells obtained by the above operations are crushed, and the concentration is 10 to 100-1 for micro-feeding organisms, and 250-100 for young fish.
~1.000 tm, i, ooo ~3.00 for adult fish
0I! A particle agglomerate having a particle size of the order of m is obtained. For crushing, any commonly used mill, mixer, extruder, granulator, etc. can be used.

The particle aggregates obtained in this way are used as feed alone or in combination with live feed, various vitamin supplements, mixed feed, etc., and are used to cultivate microscopic feed organisms, juvenile fish, and adult fish according to normal aquaculture methods. can do.

Next, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples.

Acute Seed Doctor 1 Actinomuco elegans
Aspergillus candidus
FO4389), Baxella sarcina (Backuse
lla circina IFO9137).

Cunninghamera echinulata elegans (Cunni)
nO1 stationing punishment echinulata var, rainbow”
(normal LIFO4441), Halteromyces radiatus (talteromyces radiatus)
CBS 162.75), Mortierella Albina "Kan 1 Fallen P Mountain Fall Rainbow Tofu IFO856B)", Parastierra Simplex (Parastiella
Phycomyces nitens IFO5694), Phycomyces nitens IFO5694),
and Rhizomucor myei
m1eheiIFO9740), Saprolegnia Palantiriki (Sa role nia gigantic ■dan 91F)
08978) was cultured for 5 days by adding 1% squid oil and 0.01% α-(L-)copherol per medium to the medium before culturing or after 3 days of culture. Recovered.

The obtained bacterial cells were dried by heating at 105° C. for 3 hours, and powdered using a coffee mill. The obtained powder was crushed with a homogenizer in diethyl ether under a nitrogen stream to extract the oils and fats in the bacterial cells, and the peroxide value (P
OV value) was measured. Similarly, as a control, squid oil or a product to which 1% α-D, L-copherol was added was heat-treated at 105°C for 3 hours, and α-D, L-tocopherol was added for each strain. The POv value was also measured for those that were not subjected to the above operations. Furthermore, the fatty acid composition in the lipids and the total content of ω-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids were determined from the squid oil and each bacterial powder, and are shown in Table 1 together with the above POV value measurement results.

As shown in the results, all cells accumulated fats and oils in a stable form despite the heat treatment after cell collection, and the addition of α-tocopherol during culture also showed an effect.

Furthermore, regarding the fatty acid composition, squid oil taken into the bacterial cells showed a higher content of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids than squid oil added to the culture solution.

The following is a blank space for each cell powder obtained by adding squid oil before culturing in Example 1, and baker's yeast (Baker's yeast) as a control. , rotifers, and brine shrimp were cultured.

The culture method is seawater 2001! , were placed in a 3001 aquarium under aerated conditions at 23°C, and 100 rotifers per 1 d and 20 brine shrimp per 111 tl were released.
The above bacterial powder and baker's yeast were given at a rate of 10 g/10' brine shrimp per day. Both rotifers and brine shrimp grew by ingesting these, and when they were sampled on the third day and examined the constituent fatty acid composition, it was found that the second
It looks like a table. As shown in the results, the bacterial powder obtained according to the present invention performed better than baker's yeast in terms of the accumulated amount of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in both rotifers and prine shrimp.

"-" L-Table [Rotifer] [Brine Shrimp] The fish were reared for two months and the content of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the fish body, changes in body length, and survival rate were examined. Fifty Japanese medaka fish were used, and the salt concentration was gradually increased over a period of one month, and finally they were adapted to artificial seawater. Furthermore, as controls, baker's yeast (adult fish), rotifers cultured with baker's yeast, and brine shrimp (juvenile fish) were used.

As shown in Table 3, the results showed that the medaka fish grown using the bacterial powder according to the present invention, rotifers cultured with the bacterial cells, and brine shrimp as food exhibited superior growth compared to the control.

Remaining days below

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A feed for microfeeding organisms comprising a filamentous fungus containing an ω-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid, an ester thereof, and/or an oil or fat containing the same. 2. A feed for fish and shellfish comprising filamentous fungi containing ω-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids, their esters, and/or oils and fats containing them. 3. For fish and shellfish containing microfeed organisms cultured using feed for microfeed organisms containing filamentous fungi containing omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids, their esters, and/or fats and oils containing them. feed. 4. A method for cultivating fish and shellfish, which comprises feeding fish and shellfish with the feed for fish and shellfish according to claim 2 or 3. 5. The filamentous fungus is a filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Actinomyces, Aspergillus, Baxella, Caningamela, Halteromyces, Mortierira, Parastierella, Phycomyces, Rhizomucor, and Saprolegnia. The feed according to any one of items 1 to 3.