JP2664452B2 - Fish and shellfish feed - Google Patents
Fish and shellfish feedInfo
- Publication number
- JP2664452B2 JP2664452B2 JP63323600A JP32360088A JP2664452B2 JP 2664452 B2 JP2664452 B2 JP 2664452B2 JP 63323600 A JP63323600 A JP 63323600A JP 32360088 A JP32360088 A JP 32360088A JP 2664452 B2 JP2664452 B2 JP 2664452B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fish
- feed
- shellfish
- oil
- fatty acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 17
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000020660 omega-3 fatty acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000908198 Actinomucor Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000228212 Aspergillus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000235400 Phycomyces Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000235402 Rhizomucor Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000233667 Saprolegnia Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 21
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 241000238426 Anostraca Species 0.000 description 10
- 241000700141 Rotifera Species 0.000 description 10
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 9
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 241000238366 Cephalopoda Species 0.000 description 7
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 7
- MBMBGCFOFBJSGT-KUBAVDMBSA-N all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCC(O)=O MBMBGCFOFBJSGT-KUBAVDMBSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 235000020673 eicosapentaenoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000020669 docosahexaenoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011732 tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000019512 sardine Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229960001295 tocopherol Drugs 0.000 description 4
- YUFFSWGQGVEMMI-JLNKQSITSA-N (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCC(O)=O YUFFSWGQGVEMMI-JLNKQSITSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000195649 Chlorella <Chlorellales> Species 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000021294 Docosapentaenoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241001125048 Sardina Species 0.000 description 3
- IQLUYYHUNSSHIY-HZUMYPAESA-N eicosatetraenoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C(O)=O IQLUYYHUNSSHIY-HZUMYPAESA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 fatty acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000238424 Crustacea Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000235555 Cunninghamella Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000235575 Mortierella Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000907999 Mortierella alpina Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001219224 Mortierella elongata Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000276569 Oryzias latipes Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000012716 cod liver oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003026 cod liver oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000021281 monounsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000020777 polyunsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940119224 salmon oil Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930003799 tocopherol Natural products 0.000 description 2
- GJJVAFUKOBZPCB-ZGRPYONQSA-N (r)-3,4-dihydro-2-methyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyl-3,7,11-tridecatrienyl)-2h-1-benzopyran-6-ol Chemical class OC1=CC=C2OC(CC/C=C(C)/CC/C=C(C)/CCC=C(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 GJJVAFUKOBZPCB-ZGRPYONQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000908202 Backusella Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000908171 Backusella circina Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000222120 Candida <Saccharomycetales> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000555825 Clupeidae Species 0.000 description 1
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000276423 Fundulus heteroclitus Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001450898 Halteromyces Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001450897 Halteromyces radiatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000048020 Mortierella exigua Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000133355 Mortierella hygrophila Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000134731 Phycomyces nitens Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000235403 Rhizomucor miehei Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001460075 Saprolegnia parasitica Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000269821 Scombridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-JLNKQSITSA-N all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-JLNKQSITSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000007502 anemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940090949 docosahexaenoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005135 eicosapentaenoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N eicosapentaenoic acid Natural products CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCC(O)=O JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940013317 fish oils Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- RNQBLUNNAYFBIW-NPULLEENSA-M hexadecyl(trimethyl)azanium (2S)-2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)propanoate Chemical compound COc1ccc2cc(ccc2c1)[C@H](C)C([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C RNQBLUNNAYFBIW-NPULLEENSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000020640 mackerel Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000010384 tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002640 tocopherol group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019149 tocopherols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930003802 tocotrienol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011731 tocotrienol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940068778 tocotrienols Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019148 tocotrienols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N α-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/80—Feeding devices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明はω−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸、そのエステル及
び/又はそれを含む油脂を高濃度に含有する糸状菌を含
んで成る微小餌料生物用餌料、魚貝類用餌料、及び該餌
料を用いる魚貝類の養殖方法に関する。The present invention relates to a microprey organism comprising a filamentous fungus containing a high concentration of an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, an ester thereof, and / or an oil containing the same. The present invention relates to a feed for fish, a feed for fish and shellfish, and a method for cultivating fish and shellfish using the feed.
従来、魚貝類や甲殻類の養殖において、種苗(稚仔
魚)生産には、微小生物餌料(シオミズツボワムシ〔以
下ワムシと略す〕、ブラインシュリンプなどの動物性プ
ランクトン)が用いられており、稚仔魚の養殖には、先
ずこれらの微小生物を培養する必要がある。これらの微
小生物を培養する場合には、後にそれを餌料として摂取
する稚仔魚の栄養要求性を考えて、例えばワムシでは、
窒素源、ビタミン源に富んだパン酵母のほかに、稚仔魚
の必須栄養成分であるω−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸(エイ
コサテトラエン酸〔20:4〕、エイコサペンタエン酸〔2
0:5、以下EPAと略す〕、ドコサペンタエン酸〔22:5〕、
ドコサヘキサエン酸〔22:6、以下DHAと略す〕等)を含
有する海産クロレラや油脂酵母が用いられている。これ
らは、培養によって調製されるが、海産クロレラの場
合、天候条件に左右され易く安定供給が難しい上、最
近、稚仔魚の成育にEPA以上の効果を示すと報告されて
いるDHAの含量が極めて少ない、又さらにEPA含量もあま
り高くなくクロレラワムシを与えた時に、稚仔魚の要求
量を十分に満たさない等の問題点を有している。又、油
脂酵母はDHAを含有し、栄養学的には優れているが、ω
−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸総含量が4%(対油脂酵母重
量)と低く、さらには、表面に付着している油脂が酸化
され易い、冷凍保存を要する等、管理上の問題点を有し
ている。Conventionally, in the cultivation of fish and shellfish and crustaceans, seedlings (larvae) have been produced using microbiological feeds (animal plankton such as brine shrimp and brine shrimp). In order to cultivate larvae, it is necessary to culture these micro-organisms first. When culturing these microbes, considering the nutritional requirements of the larvae that later ingest them as feed, for example, rotifers,
In addition to baker's yeast rich in nitrogen and vitamin sources, ω-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (eicosatetraenoic acid [20: 4], eicosapentaenoic acid [2
0: 5, hereinafter abbreviated as EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (22: 5),
Marine chlorella and oleaginous yeast containing docosahexaenoic acid [22: 6, hereinafter abbreviated as DHA]) are used. These are prepared by culturing, but in the case of marine chlorella, it is difficult to provide a stable supply because it is easily affected by the weather conditions, and the DHA content, which has recently been reported to show an effect higher than EPA on the growth of larvae, is extremely high. When chlorella rotifers are given with low EPA content and low EPA content, they have problems such as that the required amount of juveniles is not sufficiently satisfied. Oil yeast contains DHA and is nutritionally excellent, but ω
The total content of -3 series highly unsaturated fatty acids is as low as 4% (based on the weight of the fat or oil yeast), and furthermore, the fats and oils adhering to the surface are easily oxidized, and require freezing and preservation. ing.
一方、上記の安定供給が難しい微小生物餌料に代わっ
て、微粒子配合飼料が開発され、最近、稚仔魚の初期飼
料として用いられるようになって来た。微粒子配合飼料
は、粉末状で自動給餌も可能であり、管理もし易いし、
又、粒度が種々あって稚仔魚の成長期に合わせて利用で
きるという利点を有する。しかし、飼料中のω−3系高
度不飽和脂肪酸の含量が3〜5%と低い状に、稚仔魚に
必要のビタミンEが含まれておらず、栄養学的に稚仔魚
の要求性を完全に満たすものではない。On the other hand, a fine-particle-containing feed has been developed in place of the above-mentioned microbiological feed which is difficult to supply stably, and has recently been used as an initial feed for larvae. Fine particle-containing feed can be automatically fed in powder form, easy to manage,
In addition, there is an advantage that there are various particle sizes and it can be used according to the growth period of the larva. However, as the content of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the feed is as low as 3 to 5%, vitamin E required for larvae is not contained, and nutritional requirements for larvae are completely completed. Does not satisfy.
さらに稚仔魚の後期から成魚にかけては、イワシなど
の生餌ミンチ肉が餌料として多用され、栄養要求性に応
じて、各種ビタミン源を添加した配合飼料や、ω−3系
高度不飽和脂肪酸に富んだ、タラ肝油、イカ油、イワシ
油、サケ油等の魚油が併用されている。魚油は、一般的
には、生餌ミンチ又は魚粉と、配合飼料の練り上げ剤と
いう形で利用され、モイストペレット飼料として魚に給
餌されることが多い。しかし、魚油は保存中に酸化され
易く〔過酸化価(以下POV価と略す)10〜30meq/kg〕、
モイストペレットの状態で、長時間屋外日光下に置く
と、さらに酸化されて(POV価50〜70meq/kg)、これを
魚が摂取した場合、体内のビタミンC,E量が減少すると
共に、成長停止、背こけ病状、高度の貧血、眼球突出な
どの症状が現れ易く、生残率の低下をもたらすことが知
られており、保存方法や給餌方法に細心の注意を要する
という問題点を有する。In addition, minced meat such as sardines is frequently used as feed in the late to adult stages of larvae and larvae, and depending on nutritional requirements, compounded feed with various vitamin sources added, or rich in ω-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids. However, fish oils such as cod liver oil, squid oil, sardine oil and salmon oil are used in combination. Fish oil is generally used in the form of raw feed mince or fish meal and a mixed feed kneading agent, and is often fed to fish as moist pellet feed. However, fish oil is easily oxidized during storage (peroxide value (hereinafter abbreviated as POV value) 10-30 meq / kg),
When exposed to sunlight for a long time in the state of moist pellets, it is further oxidized (POV value: 50-70 meq / kg), and when consumed by fish, the vitamin C and E levels in the body decrease and grow. Symptoms such as arrest, backsickness, severe anemia, and protruding eyes are apt to appear, and it is known that the survival rate is reduced. Therefore, there is a problem that careful attention must be paid to a preservation method and a feeding method.
従って本発明は、糸状菌がω−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸
及びビタミンEを、酸化されにくい形態で高濃度に蓄積
する性質を有することを利用して、これらの成分を高濃
度で含有する糸状菌を含んで成る微小餌料動物用餌料、
魚貝類用餌料、及びこれらを用いる魚貝類の養殖方法を
提供するものである。Accordingly, the present invention takes advantage of the fact that filamentous fungi have the property of accumulating ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E in a high concentration in a form that is difficult to oxidize, and thus a filament containing these components at a high concentration. A micro-feed animal feed comprising the fungus,
It is intended to provide a feed for fish and shellfish, and a method for cultivating fish and shellfish using the same.
従って本発明は、ω−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸、そのエ
ステル及び/又はそれを含む油脂を含有する糸状菌を含
んで成る微小餌料生物用餌料;ω−3系高度不飽和脂肪
酸、そのエステル及び/又はそれを含む油脂を含有する
糸状菌を含んで成る魚貝類用餌料;ω−3系高度不飽和
脂肪酸、そのエステル及び/又はそれを含む油脂を含有
する糸状菌を含んで成る微小餌料生物用餌料を用いて増
養殖した微小餌料生物を含んで成る魚貝類用餌料;並び
に前記の魚貝類用餌料を魚貝類に与えることを特徴とす
る、魚貝類の養殖方法を提供するものである。Accordingly, the present invention provides a microfeed biological feed comprising a filamentous fungus containing an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, an ester thereof, and / or an oil containing the same; an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, an ester thereof; And / or a feed for fish and shellfish comprising a filamentous fungus containing an oil or fat containing the same; a micro-feeding organism comprising a filamentous fungus containing an omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid, an ester thereof and / or an oil or fat containing the same. A feed for fish and shellfish comprising a microprey organism that has been cultivated by using a feed for feed; and a method for cultivating fish and shellfish, comprising providing the feed for fish and shellfish to fish and shellfish.
本発明においては、ω−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸、及び
ビタミンEを酸化されにくい形態で且つ高濃度で蓄積す
る能力を有する微生物であれば、すべて使用することが
できる。このような微生物として例えばアクチノムコー
ル(Actinomucor)属、アスペルギルス(Aspergilles)
属、バクセラ(Backusella)属、カニンガメラ(Cunnin
ghamella)属、ハルテロマイセス(Halteromyces)属、
モルティエレラ(Mortierella)属、パラスティエラ(P
arastiella)属、ファイコマイセス(Phycomyces)属、
リゾムコール(Rhizomucor)属、サプロレグニア(Sapr
olegnia)属等を挙げることができる。モルティエレラ
属では例えば、モルティエレラ・エロンガタ(Mortiere
lla elongata)IFO8570、モルティエレラ・エキシグア
(Mortierella exigua)IFO8571、モルティエレラ・ヒ
グロフィラ(Mortierella hygrophila)IFO5941、モル
ティエレラ・アルピナ(Mortierella alpina)IFO8568
等を挙げることができる。これらの菌株はいずれも、財
団法人醗酵研究所からなんら制限なく入手することがで
きる。In the present invention, any microorganism can be used as long as it is a hardly oxidizable form of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and vitamin E and has the ability to accumulate at a high concentration. Examples of such microorganisms include the genus Actinomucor and Aspergilles.
Genus, Backusella, Cunninghamera (Cunnin)
ghamella), Halteromyces,
Mortierella, Parastiella (P
arastiella), Phycomyces,
Rhizomucor genus, Sapro regnia (Sapr
olegnia). In the genus Mortierella, for example, Mortierera elongata (Mortiere
lla elongata) IFO8570, Mortierella exigua IFO8571, Mortierella hygrophila IFO5941, Mortierella alpina IFO8568
And the like. All of these strains can be obtained from the Fermentation Research Institute without any limitation.
又、本発明者らが土壌から分離した菌株モルティエレ
ラ・エロンガタSAM 0219(微工研菌寄第8703号)(微工
研条寄第1239号)を使用することもできる。In addition, the strain Mortierella elongata SAM 0219 (Microtechnical Laboratories No. 8703) (Microtechnical Laboratories No. 1239) isolated by the present inventors from soil can also be used.
このような微生物をω−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸及びビ
タミンの存在下培養すると、これらは取り込まれ、又は
菌体に吸着され、安定なω−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸及び
ビタミン含有物を得ることができる。すなわち、ω−3
系高度不飽和脂肪酸の場合は、例えばエイコサテトラエ
ン酸、EPA、ドコサペンタエン酸、DHAを遊離脂肪酸、又
は脂肪酸エステルの形、あるいは魚油のような含有する
油脂の形で、又ビタミンEの場合は、遊離の形又はエス
テルの形、あるいは大豆ミール小麦胚芽のような含有物
の形で各々単独に、又は組み合わせて培地中に添加し、
この培地中で増殖させた微生物菌体を適度な粒径に粒状
化することにより達成される。When such microorganisms are cultured in the presence of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins, these are taken up or adsorbed on the cells to obtain stable ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin-containing substances. Can be. That is, ω-3
In the case of the system polyunsaturated fatty acids, e.g. eicosatetraenoic acid, EPA, docosapentaenoic acid, DHA in the form of free fatty acids or fatty acid esters, or fats and oils containing fish oil, and vitamin E In the case of a free form or in the form of an ester, or in the form of an ingredient such as soybean meal wheat germ, each alone or in combination in the medium,
This is achieved by granulating the microbial cells grown in this medium to an appropriate particle size.
本発明においては、ω−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸とは、
ω−3の位置に二重結合を有し、3個以上の二重結合を
炭素鎖中に有する脂肪酸を意味し、好ましくは炭素原子
数20個以上を有する。このような高度不飽和脂肪酸とし
て、例えば、エイコサテトラエン酸(20:4)、EPA(20:
5)、ドコサペンタエン酸(22:5)、DHA(22:6)等を挙
げることができ、これらの高度不飽和脂肪酸を、遊離脂
肪酸、脂肪酸塩、脂肪酸エステル、又は含有する油脂の
形で、単独にあるいは組み合わせて培地へ添加する。実
用的には、魚貝類、甲殻類由来の油脂やその加水分解
物、エステル化物、例えば、イワシ油、タラ肝油、イカ
油、サバ油、サケ油等を使用することが好ましい。イワ
シ油等は、飽和又はモノ不飽和脂肪酸も含有している
が、微生物なこれらの飽和又はモノ不飽和脂肪酸を炭素
源として代謝消費していくため、培養日数を増加させる
と、高度不飽和脂肪酸の含量はさらに増加する。又、ビ
タミンEとしては、トコフェロール類はトコトリエノー
ル類を全て、遊離の形、エステルの形で用いることがで
きるが、ビタミンEを含有する小麦胚芽や米ぬか、大
豆、トウモロコシ、綿実等、あるいはこれらの抽出油の
形で使用することもできる。In the present invention, the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is
It means a fatty acid having a double bond at the position of ω-3 and having three or more double bonds in the carbon chain, and preferably has 20 or more carbon atoms. Examples of such polyunsaturated fatty acids include eicosatetraenoic acid (20: 4) and EPA (20:
5), docosapentaenoic acid (22: 5), DHA (22: 6), and the like. These highly unsaturated fatty acids can be obtained in the form of free fatty acids, fatty acid salts, fatty acid esters, or oils and fats containing them. , Alone or in combination. Practically, it is preferable to use oils and fats derived from fish and shellfish, crustaceans and their hydrolysates and esterified products such as sardine oil, cod liver oil, squid oil, mackerel oil and salmon oil. Although sardine oil and the like also contain saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids, they are metabolically consumed using these saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids as microorganisms as carbon sources. Is further increased. Further, as for vitamin E, tocopherols can be used in the form of all of tocotrienols in free form and in the form of esters. Wheat germ or rice bran, soybean, corn, cottonseed, etc. containing vitamin E, or these. It can also be used in the form of an extracted oil.
培養終了後、培養物を殺菌し、好ましくは乾燥する。
乾燥は凍結乾燥、風乾、熱乾燥等によって行なうことが
できる。以上の操作によって得られた菌体は破砕され、
微小餌料生物用には10〜100μm、稚仔魚用には250〜1,
000μm、成魚用には1,000〜3,000μm程度の粒度を有
する粒子塊が得られる。破砕には、通常用いられている
ミルやミキサー、エクストルーダ、造粒機等、いずれの
ものも使用することができる。このようにして得られた
粒子塊は、飼料として、単独にあるいは、生餌や各種ビ
タミン剤、配合飼料などと組み合わせて用い、通常の養
殖方法に従って、微小餌料生物、稚仔魚、成魚を養殖す
ることができる。After completion of the culture, the culture is sterilized and preferably dried.
Drying can be performed by freeze drying, air drying, heat drying, or the like. The cells obtained by the above operation are disrupted,
10 ~ 100μm for small prey organisms, 250 ~ 1,1 for larvae
A particle mass having a particle size of about 000 μm and about 1,000 to 3,000 μm for an adult fish can be obtained. For crushing, any of commonly used mills, mixers, extruders, granulators and the like can be used. The particle mass thus obtained is used as a feed, alone or in combination with a raw feed, various vitamins, a compound feed, etc., to cultivate microprey organisms, larvae, and adult fish according to a normal aquaculture method. be able to.
次に、実施例により、この発明をさらに具体的に説明
する。Next, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
実施例1. アクチノムコール・エレガンス(Actinomucor elega
ns IFO 6408)、アスペルギルス・キャンディダス(Asp
ergilles candidus IFO 4389)、バクセラ・サルシナ
(Backusella circina IFO 9137)、カニンガメラ・エ
キヌラータ・エレガンス(Cunninghamella echinulate
var.elegans IFO 4441)、ハルテロマイセス・ラジア
タス(Halteromyces radiatus CBS 162.75)、モルテ
ィエレラ・アルピナ(Mortierella alpina IFO 856
8)、パラスティエラ・シンプレックス(Parastiella
simplex NRRL 1461)、ファイコマイセス・ニテンス(P
hycomyces nitens IFO 5694)、及びリゾムコール・ミ
エイ(Rhizomucor miehei IFO 9740)、サプロレグニ
ア・パラシティカ(Saprolegnia parasitica IFO 897
8)を、各々培養前又は培養3日後の培地中に、培地当
り1%のイカ油、0.01%のα−D,L−トコフェロールを
添加して5日間の培養を行ない、菌体を回収した。得ら
れた菌体をそれぞれ105℃で3時間、加熱乾燥し、コー
ヒーミルにより、パウダー化した。得られたパウダーを
窒素気流下、ジエチルエーテル中でモホジナイザーで破
砕して、菌体中の油脂を抽出し、過酸化物価(POV価)
を測定した。同様にコントロールとして、イカ油又は、
これにα−D,L−トコフェロールを1%添加したものを1
05℃、3時間加熱処理したもの、又それぞれの菌株につ
いてα−D,L−トコフェロールを添加しなかったものに
ついて上記の操作を行なったものについてもPOV価の測
定を行なった。又、イカ油と各菌体パウダーより、脂質
中の脂肪酸組成、及びω−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸の総含
量を求め、上記のPOV価測定結果と併せて第1表に示し
た。結果が示す通り、いずれの菌体も、菌体回収後の加
熱処理にも拘らず油脂を安定な形で蓄積し、培養時のα
−トコフェロールの添加も効果を示した。又、脂肪酸組
成も、培養液中に添加したイカ油より、菌体内に取り込
んだ方が、ω−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸は高含量を示し
た。Example 1. Actinomucor elegance
ns IFO 6408), Aspergillus Candidas (Asp
ergilles candidus IFO 4389), Backusella circina IFO 9137, Cunninghamella echinulate (Cunninghamella echinulate)
var.elegans IFO 4441), Halteromyces radiatus CBS 162.75, Mortierella alpina IFO 856
8), Parastiella simplex
simplex NRRL 1461), Phycomyces nitens (P
hycomyces nitens IFO 5694), Rhizomucor miehei IFO 9740, Saprolegnia parasitica IFO 897
8) was added to the medium before or after 3 days of culture, respectively, with 1% squid oil and 0.01% α-D, L-tocopherol per medium, and cultured for 5 days to collect the cells. . The obtained cells were dried by heating at 105 ° C. for 3 hours, and powdered with a coffee mill. The resulting powder is crushed in a diethyl ether under a nitrogen stream with a mofogenizer to extract the fats and oils in the cells and a peroxide value (POV value).
Was measured. Similarly, as a control, squid oil or
1% of α-D, L-tocopherol was added thereto.
POV values were also measured for those heat-treated at 05 ° C. for 3 hours, and those obtained by performing the above-mentioned operations for those obtained without adding α-D, L-tocopherol for each strain. The composition of fatty acids in lipids and the total content of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were determined from squid oil and cell powders, and are shown in Table 1 together with the POV value measurement results. As shown in the results, all the cells accumulate oils and fats in a stable form regardless of the heat treatment after cell collection, and the
-Addition of tocopherol also showed an effect. In addition, the fatty acid composition of the ω-3 type highly unsaturated fatty acid was higher when incorporated into the cells than when the squid oil was added to the culture solution.
実施例2. 実施例1で培養前にイカ油を添加して得られた各菌体
パウダー、及びコントロールとしてパン酵母(Saccharo
myces cereviciae)を用いて、ワムシ、及びブライン
シュリンプの培養を行なった。培養方法は、海水200
を300の水槽に入れ、通気条件下、23℃で、ワムシは1
ml当り100個体、ブラインシュリンプは1ml当り20個体放
養し、餌料として、それぞれ1g/106個ワムシ1日、1g/1
05個ブラインシュリンプ1日になるように上記の菌体パ
ウダー及びパン酵母を与えた。ワムシ、ブラインシュリ
ンプともこれらを摂取して生育し、3日目にサンプリン
グして、構成脂肪酸組成を調べたところ、第2表のよう
なった。結果が示す通り、ワムシにおいてもブラインシ
ュリンプにおいても、ω−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸の蓄積
量の点で、本発明により得られた菌体パウダーは、パン
酵母よりも好成績であった。 Example 2 Each cell powder obtained by adding squid oil before culture in Example 1 and baker's yeast (Saccharo
rotifer and brine shrimp were cultured using Myces cereviciae). Culture method is seawater 200
Into a 300 aquarium at 23 ° C under aeration conditions, with 1 rotifer
100 individuals per ml, brine shrimp 20 individuals per ml, as feed, 1g / 10 6 rotifers daily, 1g / 1
As 0 to 5 or brine shrimp a day gave the above bacteria powder and baker's yeast. Both rotifers and brine shrimp were ingested and grown, and were sampled on the third day to examine the constituent fatty acid composition. As shown in the results, in both the rotifer and the brine shrimp, the bacterial cell powder obtained by the present invention showed better results than the baker's yeast in terms of the accumulated amount of the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid.
実施例3. 実施例1で得られた各菌体パウダーを、ヒメダカ成魚
に、実施例2で得られたワムシ、ブラインシュリンプを
生後1ヶ月のヒメダカ稚仔魚に与えて、2ヶ月の飼育を
行ない魚体中のω−3系高度不飽和脂肪酸含量、体長の
変化、及び生残率を調べた。ヒメダカは各50尾で、1ヶ
月間、徐々に塩濃度を上げ、最終的に人工海水中に適応
させたものを用いた。又、コントロールとして、パン酵
母(成魚)、及びパン酵母で培養したワムシ、ブライン
シュリンプ(稚仔魚)を用いた。結果は、第3表に示す
通り、本発明による菌体パウダー、及び菌体で培養した
ワムシ、ブラインシュリンプを餌料として育てたヒメダ
カは、コントロールに比べ、優れた生育状況を示した。 Example 3 Each of the bacterial cell powders obtained in Example 1 was given to adult medaka fish, and the rotifer and brine shrimp obtained in Example 2 were given to 1 month old larvae of juveniles, and bred for 2 months. The content of the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, change in body length, and survival rate in the fish were examined. For each of the 50 killifish, the salt concentration was gradually increased for one month for one month, and finally used in artificial seawater. As controls, baker's yeast (adult) and rotifers and brine shrimp (larva) cultured with baker's yeast were used. As shown in Table 3, the bacterial powder according to the present invention, the rotifer cultured with the bacterial cells, and the medaka grown with the brine shrimp as a feed, showed an excellent growth state as compared with the control.
Claims (5)
及び/又はそれを含む油脂を含有する糸状菌を含んで成
る微小餌料生物用餌料。(1) A micro-feeding biological feed comprising a filamentous fungus containing an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, an ester thereof and / or an oil or fat containing the same.
及び/又はそれを含む油脂を含有する糸状菌を含んで成
る魚貝類用餌料。2. A feed for fish and shellfish comprising a filamentous fungus containing an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, an ester thereof and / or an oil or fat containing the same.
及び/又はそれを含む油脂を含有する糸状菌を含んで成
る微小餌料生物用餌料を用いて増養殖した微小餌料生物
を含んで成る魚貝類用餌料。3. A micro-prey organism that has been cultivated using a micro-prey organism feed comprising a filamentous fungus containing an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, an ester thereof and / or an oil or fat containing the same. Feed for fish and shellfish.
貝類に与えることを特徴とする、魚貝類の養殖方法。4. A method for cultivating fish and shellfish, comprising feeding the fish and shellfish diet according to claim 2 or 3 to fish and shellfish.
ペルギルス属、バクセラ属、カニンガメラ属、ハルテロ
マイセス属、モルティエイラ属、パラスティエラ属、フ
ァイコマイセス属及び、リゾムコール属、サプロレグニ
ア属に属する糸状菌である請求項1〜3のいずれか1項
に記載の餌料。5. The filamentous fungus is a filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Actinomucor, Aspergillus, Baxella, Kaningamera, Hartelomyces, Mortieira, Parastiella, Phycomyces, Rhizomucor, or Saprolegnia. The feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP63323600A JP2664452B2 (en) | 1988-12-23 | 1988-12-23 | Fish and shellfish feed |
PCT/JP1989/001289 WO1990007283A1 (en) | 1988-12-23 | 1989-12-22 | Feed for fish and shellfish |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP63323600A JP2664452B2 (en) | 1988-12-23 | 1988-12-23 | Fish and shellfish feed |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH02171127A JPH02171127A (en) | 1990-07-02 |
JP2664452B2 true JP2664452B2 (en) | 1997-10-15 |
Family
ID=18156523
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP63323600A Expired - Lifetime JP2664452B2 (en) | 1988-12-23 | 1988-12-23 | Fish and shellfish feed |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP2664452B2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1990007283A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6451567B1 (en) | 1988-09-07 | 2002-09-17 | Omegatech, Inc. | Fermentation process for producing long chain omega-3 fatty acids with euryhaline microorganisms |
US5340742A (en) | 1988-09-07 | 1994-08-23 | Omegatech Inc. | Process for growing thraustochytrium and schizochytrium using non-chloride salts to produce a microfloral biomass having omega-3-highly unsaturated fatty acids |
CN101928213B (en) * | 1996-03-28 | 2012-12-05 | Dsmip资产有限公司 | Process for the preparation of a granular microbial biomass and isolation of valuable compounds therefrom |
EP2251410A3 (en) * | 1996-03-28 | 2011-09-28 | DSM IP Assets B.V. | Preparation of microbial polyunsaturated fatty acid containing oil from pasteurised biomass |
CN1324981C (en) | 1998-06-17 | 2007-07-11 | Dsm公司 | Microbial arachidonic acid (ARA) for use in marine feed |
KR101293135B1 (en) | 2000-01-28 | 2013-09-12 | 디에스엠 아이피 어셋츠 비.브이. | Enhanced Production of Lipids Containing Polyenoic Fatty Acids by High Density Cultures of Eukaryotic Microbes in Fermentors |
DE60325590D1 (en) | 2002-06-19 | 2009-02-12 | Dsm Ip Assets Bv | PASTEURIZATION PROCESS FOR MICROBIAL CELLS AND MICROBIAL OIL |
EP2293688A4 (en) * | 2008-05-13 | 2011-05-25 | Advanced Bionutrition Corp | Balanced ara/epa ratio in salmon gill and kidney tissues to improve sea water performance |
EP2856868A4 (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2016-03-02 | Ajinomoto Kk | Method for determining auxotrophy of fish |
CN104054598B (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2017-01-11 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | Pollution-free nibeamiichthioides culture method |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5151492A (en) * | 1974-10-29 | 1976-05-07 | Sanraku Ocean Co | Omega 3 kodofuhowashibosano tenkashita kaisangyoyoshiryono seizoho |
JPS5944020B2 (en) * | 1978-01-27 | 1984-10-26 | 協和醗酵工業株式会社 | How to raise marine fish using oleaginous yeast |
JPS623791A (en) * | 1985-07-01 | 1987-01-09 | Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Production of lipid by mildew or algae |
JPH0712315B2 (en) * | 1986-07-08 | 1995-02-15 | サントリー株式会社 | Eicosapentaenoic acid and method for producing lipid containing the same |
-
1988
- 1988-12-23 JP JP63323600A patent/JP2664452B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1989
- 1989-12-22 WO PCT/JP1989/001289 patent/WO1990007283A1/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1990007283A1 (en) | 1990-07-12 |
JPH02171127A (en) | 1990-07-02 |
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