JP2664452B2 - Fish and shellfish feed - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a microprey organism comprising a filamentous fungus containing a high concentration of an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, an ester thereof, and / or an oil containing the same. The present invention relates to a feed for fish, a feed for fish and shellfish, and a method for cultivating fish and shellfish using the feed.

(Prior art)

Conventionally, in the cultivation of fish and shellfish and crustaceans, seedlings (larvae) have been produced using microbiological feeds (animal plankton such as brine shrimp and brine shrimp). In order to cultivate larvae, it is necessary to culture these micro-organisms first. When culturing these microbes, considering the nutritional requirements of the larvae that later ingest them as feed, for example, rotifers,
In addition to baker's yeast rich in nitrogen and vitamin sources, ω-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (eicosatetraenoic acid [20: 4], eicosapentaenoic acid [2
0: 5, hereinafter abbreviated as EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (22: 5),
Marine chlorella and oleaginous yeast containing docosahexaenoic acid [22: 6, hereinafter abbreviated as DHA]) are used. These are prepared by culturing, but in the case of marine chlorella, it is difficult to provide a stable supply because it is easily affected by the weather conditions, and the DHA content, which has recently been reported to show an effect higher than EPA on the growth of larvae, is extremely high. When chlorella rotifers are given with low EPA content and low EPA content, they have problems such as that the required amount of juveniles is not sufficiently satisfied. Oil yeast contains DHA and is nutritionally excellent, but ω
The total content of -3 series highly unsaturated fatty acids is as low as 4% (based on the weight of the fat or oil yeast), and furthermore, the fats and oils adhering to the surface are easily oxidized, and require freezing and preservation. ing.

On the other hand, a fine-particle-containing feed has been developed in place of the above-mentioned microbiological feed which is difficult to supply stably, and has recently been used as an initial feed for larvae. Fine particle-containing feed can be automatically fed in powder form, easy to manage,
In addition, there is an advantage that there are various particle sizes and it can be used according to the growth period of the larva. However, as the content of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the feed is as low as 3 to 5%, vitamin E required for larvae is not contained, and nutritional requirements for larvae are completely completed. Does not satisfy.

In addition, minced meat such as sardines is frequently used as feed in the late to adult stages of larvae and larvae, and depending on nutritional requirements, compounded feed with various vitamin sources added, or rich in ω-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids. However, fish oils such as cod liver oil, squid oil, sardine oil and salmon oil are used in combination. Fish oil is generally used in the form of raw feed mince or fish meal and a mixed feed kneading agent, and is often fed to fish as moist pellet feed. However, fish oil is easily oxidized during storage (peroxide value (hereinafter abbreviated as POV value) 10-30 meq / kg),
When exposed to sunlight for a long time in the state of moist pellets, it is further oxidized (POV value: 50-70 meq / kg), and when consumed by fish, the vitamin C and E levels in the body decrease and grow. Symptoms such as arrest, backsickness, severe anemia, and protruding eyes are apt to appear, and it is known that the survival rate is reduced. Therefore, there is a problem that careful attention must be paid to a preservation method and a feeding method.

[Problems and Functions to be Solved by the Invention]

Accordingly, the present invention takes advantage of the fact that filamentous fungi have the property of accumulating ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E in a high concentration in a form that is difficult to oxidize, and thus a filament containing these components at a high concentration. A micro-feed animal feed comprising the fungus,
It is intended to provide a feed for fish and shellfish, and a method for cultivating fish and shellfish using the same.

[Means for solving the problem]

Accordingly, the present invention provides a microfeed biological feed comprising a filamentous fungus containing an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, an ester thereof, and / or an oil containing the same; an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, an ester thereof; And / or a feed for fish and shellfish comprising a filamentous fungus containing an oil or fat containing the same; a micro-feeding organism comprising a filamentous fungus containing an omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid, an ester thereof and / or an oil or fat containing the same. A feed for fish and shellfish comprising a microprey organism that has been cultivated by using a feed for feed; and a method for cultivating fish and shellfish, comprising providing the feed for fish and shellfish to fish and shellfish.

[Specific explanation]

In the present invention, any microorganism can be used as long as it is a hardly oxidizable form of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and vitamin E and has the ability to accumulate at a high concentration. Examples of such microorganisms include the genus Actinomucor and Aspergilles.
Genus, Backusella, Cunninghamera (Cunnin)
ghamella), Halteromyces,
Mortierella, Parastiella (P
arastiella), Phycomyces,
Rhizomucor genus, Sapro regnia (Sapr
olegnia). In the genus Mortierella, for example, Mortierera elongata (Mortiere
lla elongata) IFO8570, Mortierella exigua IFO8571, Mortierella hygrophila IFO5941, Mortierella alpina IFO8568
And the like. All of these strains can be obtained from the Fermentation Research Institute without any limitation.

In addition, the strain Mortierella elongata SAM 0219 (Microtechnical Laboratories No. 8703) (Microtechnical Laboratories No. 1239) isolated by the present inventors from soil can also be used.

When such microorganisms are cultured in the presence of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins, these are taken up or adsorbed on the cells to obtain stable ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin-containing substances. Can be. That is, ω-3
In the case of the system polyunsaturated fatty acids, e.g. eicosatetraenoic acid, EPA, docosapentaenoic acid, DHA in the form of free fatty acids or fatty acid esters, or fats and oils containing fish oil, and vitamin E In the case of a free form or in the form of an ester, or in the form of an ingredient such as soybean meal wheat germ, each alone or in combination in the medium,
This is achieved by granulating the microbial cells grown in this medium to an appropriate particle size.

In the present invention, the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is
It means a fatty acid having a double bond at the position of ω-3 and having three or more double bonds in the carbon chain, and preferably has 20 or more carbon atoms. Examples of such polyunsaturated fatty acids include eicosatetraenoic acid (20: 4) and EPA (20:
5), docosapentaenoic acid (22: 5), DHA (22: 6), and the like. These highly unsaturated fatty acids can be obtained in the form of free fatty acids, fatty acid salts, fatty acid esters, or oils and fats containing them. , Alone or in combination. Practically, it is preferable to use oils and fats derived from fish and shellfish, crustaceans and their hydrolysates and esterified products such as sardine oil, cod liver oil, squid oil, mackerel oil and salmon oil. Although sardine oil and the like also contain saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids, they are metabolically consumed using these saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids as microorganisms as carbon sources. Is further increased. Further, as for vitamin E, tocopherols can be used in the form of all of tocotrienols in free form and in the form of esters. Wheat germ or rice bran, soybean, corn, cottonseed, etc. containing vitamin E, or these. It can also be used in the form of an extracted oil.

After completion of the culture, the culture is sterilized and preferably dried.
Drying can be performed by freeze drying, air drying, heat drying, or the like. The cells obtained by the above operation are disrupted,
10 ~ 100μm for small prey organisms, 250 ~ 1,1 for larvae
A particle mass having a particle size of about 000 μm and about 1,000 to 3,000 μm for an adult fish can be obtained. For crushing, any of commonly used mills, mixers, extruders, granulators and the like can be used. The particle mass thus obtained is used as a feed, alone or in combination with a raw feed, various vitamins, a compound feed, etc., to cultivate microprey organisms, larvae, and adult fish according to a normal aquaculture method. be able to.

Next, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.

Example 1. Actinomucor elegance
ns IFO 6408), Aspergillus Candidas (Asp
ergilles candidus IFO 4389), Backusella circina IFO 9137, Cunninghamella echinulate (Cunninghamella echinulate)
var.elegans IFO 4441), Halteromyces radiatus CBS 162.75, Mortierella alpina IFO 856
8), Parastiella simplex
simplex NRRL 1461), Phycomyces nitens (P
hycomyces nitens IFO 5694), Rhizomucor miehei IFO 9740, Saprolegnia parasitica IFO 897
8) was added to the medium before or after 3 days of culture, respectively, with 1% squid oil and 0.01% α-D, L-tocopherol per medium, and cultured for 5 days to collect the cells. . The obtained cells were dried by heating at 105 ° C. for 3 hours, and powdered with a coffee mill. The resulting powder is crushed in a diethyl ether under a nitrogen stream with a mofogenizer to extract the fats and oils in the cells and a peroxide value (POV value).
Was measured. Similarly, as a control, squid oil or
1% of α-D, L-tocopherol was added thereto.
POV values were also measured for those heat-treated at 05 ° C. for 3 hours, and those obtained by performing the above-mentioned operations for those obtained without adding α-D, L-tocopherol for each strain. The composition of fatty acids in lipids and the total content of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were determined from squid oil and cell powders, and are shown in Table 1 together with the POV value measurement results. As shown in the results, all the cells accumulate oils and fats in a stable form regardless of the heat treatment after cell collection, and the
-Addition of tocopherol also showed an effect. In addition, the fatty acid composition of the ω-3 type highly unsaturated fatty acid was higher when incorporated into the cells than when the squid oil was added to the culture solution.

Example 2 Each cell powder obtained by adding squid oil before culture in Example 1 and baker's yeast (Saccharo
rotifer and brine shrimp were cultured using Myces cereviciae). Culture method is seawater 200
Into a 300 aquarium at 23 ° C under aeration conditions, with 1 rotifer
100 individuals per ml, brine shrimp 20 individuals per ml, as feed, 1g / 10 ⁶ rotifers daily, 1g / 1
As 0 to ⁵ or brine shrimp a day gave the above bacteria powder and baker's yeast. Both rotifers and brine shrimp were ingested and grown, and were sampled on the third day to examine the constituent fatty acid composition. As shown in the results, in both the rotifer and the brine shrimp, the bacterial cell powder obtained by the present invention showed better results than the baker's yeast in terms of the accumulated amount of the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid.

Example 3 Each of the bacterial cell powders obtained in Example 1 was given to adult medaka fish, and the rotifer and brine shrimp obtained in Example 2 were given to 1 month old larvae of juveniles, and bred for 2 months. The content of the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, change in body length, and survival rate in the fish were examined. For each of the 50 killifish, the salt concentration was gradually increased for one month for one month, and finally used in artificial seawater. As controls, baker's yeast (adult) and rotifers and brine shrimp (larva) cultured with baker's yeast were used. As shown in Table 3, the bacterial powder according to the present invention, the rotifer cultured with the bacterial cells, and the medaka grown with the brine shrimp as a feed, showed an excellent growth state as compared with the control.

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] (1) A micro-feeding biological feed comprising a filamentous fungus containing an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, an ester thereof and / or an oil or fat containing the same. 2. A feed for fish and shellfish comprising a filamentous fungus containing an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, an ester thereof and / or an oil or fat containing the same. 3. A micro-prey organism that has been cultivated using a micro-prey organism feed comprising a filamentous fungus containing an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, an ester thereof and / or an oil or fat containing the same. Feed for fish and shellfish. 4. A method for cultivating fish and shellfish, comprising feeding the fish and shellfish diet according to claim 2 or 3 to fish and shellfish. 5. The filamentous fungus is a filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Actinomucor, Aspergillus, Baxella, Kaningamera, Hartelomyces, Mortieira, Parastiella, Phycomyces, Rhizomucor, or Saprolegnia. The feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3.