JPH02116063A - Optical card - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To avoid the reduction of a user recording area by forming an alternate information recording part on a track equal to a sector recording an alternate information to show the alternate address of another track of the sector. CONSTITUTION:The ID parts 23A and 23B, where the information showing the addresses corresponding to each track is pre-recorded, are installed at both end parts of plural tracks 22 set in parallel with each other. At the same time, each track area between both parts 23A and 23B is divided into a data part 25 and an alternate information recording part 26 via a sector mark 24. Thus the desired data is recorded to the part 25, and the alternate information showing the alternate address of another track of the corresponding sector is recorded to the part 26. The quantity of this recorded data is extremely small compared with the quantity of data recorded in the sector. Thus it is possible to suppress the reduction of a recording area available to a user.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field] This invention relates to an optical card.

[Conventional technology]

Optical cards have a storage capacity several thousand to 10,000 times larger than magnetic cards, and like optical disks, they cannot be erased, but
Because of their large storage capacity, they are being considered for a variety of uses, such as bank passbooks, portable maps, and recording health checkup data. Such optical cards cannot be rewritten like optical disks, and the raw error rate is around 10'''3 to 10-4 due to defects on the medium, so error correction is essential and defects Error correction may not be possible depending on the size of the
Processing is required to replace blocks whose errors cannot be corrected with other blocks.

As a method of such replacement processing, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1986-
Publication No. 44364 describes a replacement processing method for optical discs, as shown in FIG. 6, in which sectors for which error correction could not be performed within one track are replaced in order of decreasing sector number (replacement sector with the smallest (or highest) sector number). It is disclosed that they are alternated in order. In addition, the 6th
In the figure, sector 2 is sector 60, sector 5 is sector 61
The replaced sector is marked to distinguish it from other sectors.

Furthermore, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-243994 discloses a replacement process method for an optical card, in which defective tracks 3-1 to 3-4 are recorded in the main information area 11, as shown in FIG. Track 3-3 () Rack number “10”
2") to the next track 3-4 ("103"), and write file name 14 (File A) and main information recording start track number 15 in the corresponding subarea 13-2 in the directory area 12. ("100") In addition to the total number of tracks 16 ("4"), a defective track number 17 ("102") is written.

Furthermore, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 103476/1983 discloses that information intended to be recorded on a defective portion of a recording medium is alternately recorded on other portions of the recording medium, and information is also indicated from which portion to which portion the information was alternately recorded. The replacement management information is recorded in a predetermined area of the recording medium, and when the information is reproduced, the replacement management information collectively recorded in the predetermined area is first read, and the reproduction address is converted based on the replacement management information. What has been done is disclosed. In addition, in this method, the medium is divided into a user area, a replacement track area,
It is divided into alternate track management areas, and when the medium is loaded into the device, all information in the alternate track management area is read out, and then address conversion is performed and access is made.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, each of the above methods has the following problems.

First, in the method disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 63-44364, a replacement sector is always provided within one track, so when there are many sectors on one track such as an optical disc, However, in the case of optical cards, the card itself is small, so the maximum capacity that can be recorded on one track is about 1 byte. , and when divided into multiple sectors, 1
Only about four 28-byte sectors can be recorded. Therefore, one out of four sectors of 128 bytes.

75% of the total storage capacity is allocated for alternate sectors
This results in extremely low efficiency.

Next, the method disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 61-243994 has the following two problems. The first problem is that information on a track that could not be correctly recorded due to a defect is recorded on the next track. Because I am doing this,
If large dirt or scratches spread over two or more tracks, it is likely that the next track will not be able to be recorded correctly and the replacement process will have to be performed again.
Recording takes a long time. The second problem is not a problem if the number of tracks that could not be recorded correctly is small, but if the number of tracks that could not be recorded correctly due to later scratches on the medium or media deterioration is large, then It is necessary to reserve a large area for subareas 13-1 to 13-4 in the figure, especially when one track is divided into multiple sectors, and when data is recorded in an l file. If the amount is large, the area to write the recording error track number 17 in FIG. 7 is large (the area required to record the necessary furnace and main information becomes small).

Furthermore, in the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-103476, all the information on replacement track management is read out when the medium is loaded into the device, so initial processing time after loading the medium is required. becomes. This initial processing time is not that long in the case of an optical disk because the data transfer rate is several hundred bits/sec, but in the case of an optical card, the data is read by moving the card back and forth, so it actually takes a long time. The data transfer rate is several bits/sec; therefore, if there are a large number of alternate tracks, it may take 30 seconds to 1 minute or more just to read the information in the alternate track management area. , resulting in a decrease in access time.

This invention was made in view of the above-mentioned problems.
without reducing the area available to the user as much as possible, and without increasing the initial processing time when loading the media.
To provide an optical card that can reliably and quickly access a replaced block.

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, a replacement information recording section is provided on the same track as a sector in which data is recorded, for recording replacement information representing replacement light of the sector to another track.

[For production]

Here, in the replacement information recording section, replacement information indicating the replacement destination of the corresponding sector to another track is recorded, and the amount of data is extremely small compared to the amount of data recorded in the sector. Compared to the case where the sector is replaced by setting a replacement sector within the sector, there is less need to reduce the recording area that the user can use, and the replacement information can be obtained by reading the same track as the sector being replaced. Therefore, high-speed access is possible.

〔Example〕

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the invention. This optical card 21 is provided with ten sections 23A and 23B on both ends of a plurality of tracks 22 parallel to each other, in which information indicating an address corresponding to each track is recorded.
The area of each track between these 10 parts 23A and 238 is divided into a data part 25 and a replacement information recording part 26 by sector marks 24. In the data section 25,
The data to be recorded on the optical card 21 is recorded in the data section 25 of the replacement information recording section 26, but if the data cannot be recorded correctly due to a defect on the medium, the data can be recorded in the data section. Information indicating in which data section (other track) the data to be recorded is re-recorded is recorded.

In this embodiment, since there is one data section 25 in one track and one sector, that is, one track 22, only the track number of the replacement destination is recorded in the replacement information recording section 26. These data section 25 and replacement information recording section 2
6, for example, the data section 25 is composed of 512 bytes of user data and an error correction code, and the replacement information recording section 2
6 consists of 2 bytes of data (track number) and an error correction code.

Here, in the case of an optical card, a strong error correction code is used because the error rate of raw data is 10-3 to 10-4. Even if an error correction code of about 30 to 40% is added to the 512 bytes of user data and about 22 bytes of additional bytes are added to the 2 bytes of track number data in the replacement information recording section 26, the data section 25 The data in the 40% additional byte is about 720 bytes, and the data in the substitution information recording section 26 is 24 bytes, so the proportion of the substitution information recording section 26 in the whole is small, and the storage capacity is not reduced. .

FIG. 2 shows the configuration of an example of a recording/reproducing apparatus using the optical card 21 shown in FIG. In this example, data is recorded/reproduced by moving the optical card 21 in the track direction and moving the optical head 31 in a direction perpendicular to the tracks. Optical card 21 is boo! J32a, 32
The belt 33 is attached to a predetermined position on the conveyor belt 33, and the motor 35 is driven by the motor drive circuit 34 to reciprocate in the track direction. An encoder 36 is attached to the motor 35 in order to detect the position of the optical card 21 with respect to the optical head 31, and its output is supplied to a sector mark detection circuit 37.

The optical head 31 transmits the writing or reading light from the Leb diode 31a to the optical card 21 via the optical system 31b.
The configuration is such that the reflected light is projected onto the detector 31c. The output of the detector 31c is the demodulation circuit 3
8 to obtain a continuous signal, and also to the focus/track servo circuit 39 to detect a focus error signal and a tracking error signal, thereby driving the optical head 31 in the focusing and tracking directions to drive the optical card 21. control so that the incident light always follows the track in a focused state.

The read signal is supplied to the controller 40 to detect the data reproduction signal and track address information, and is also supplied to the sector mark detection circuit 37 to be sent to the encoder 36.
The sector mark is detected together with the output signal of the controller 40, and the sector mark detection signal is supplied to the controller 40.

When reproducing data, the controller 40 causes the laser diode 31a to output low-output reading light via the laser drive circuit 41, and also causes the motor drive circuit 34,
Demodulation circuit 38 and focus/track servo circuit 3
9, and access is performed by seeking a desired track based on the track information demodulated by the demodulation circuit 38. Also, when writing data, the desired track to be written is selected as described above. After seeking in the same way, the laser diode 31a modulates and outputs high-power writing light from the laser diode 31a via the laser drive circuit 34, thereby writing data on the track.

The operation of the recording/reproducing apparatus shown in FIG. 2 will be explained below.

In recording data, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 3, first, the optical head 31 is moved in a direction perpendicular to the track to seek the track to be written, and data is written in the data section 25 of that track. .

Next, the written data section 25 is read (read-after-write), and it is checked whether a write error (an error that cannot be corrected) has occurred. If there is no error that cannot be corrected, the process ends; however, if there is an error that cannot be corrected, the optical head 31 is sought to a replacement track determined in advance by the system, and the same data is stored in the data section of that track. Record again. Thereafter, read-after-write is performed on this replacement track as well to check for the occurrence of a write error, and replacement is continued until no write errors occur. If the replacement track is recorded correctly, seek to the original track (the track to which writing was first performed), and the replacement information recording section 26 contains the track number of the replacement track that was correctly recorded and its error correction code. Record substitution information. after that,
Leat-after-write is similarly performed for this substitution information recording section 26, and if there is no error, the process ends, and if there is an error, it is reported to the host computer as an error in the substitution information recording section, and the process ends.

In the reproduction of data, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 4, the optical head 31 is first sought to a track to be read, and the data portion 25 and alternation information recording portion 26 are read. If substitution information is not recorded, the process ends; if substitution information is recorded, data is read out by seeking to the substitution track in which substitution information is recorded based on the substitution information. ,
finish.

As described above, according to the optical card 21 shown in FIG. 1, even one track and one sector can be used without significantly reducing the recording area that can be used by the user, and without requiring any initial processing time at the time of reading. It becomes possible to record and reproduce information.

FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of the invention. This optical card 51 is provided with ten copies 53A and 53B on both ends of a plurality of tracks 52 parallel to each other, in which information indicating addresses corresponding to each track is pre-recorded.
The area of each track between these ID sections 53A and 53B is divided by sector marks 54A to 54B to create three data sections 55A to 55C and three replacement information recording sections 56A.
56G are provided in correspondence with each other, and in each track, the replacement destination of the data portions 55A to 55C to other tracks can be recorded in the corresponding replacement information recording portions 56A to 56C, respectively.

In this example, each track has three sectors as described above.
However, the maximum number of tracks on an optical card is 250.
Since it is 0, the replacement information requires 12 bits for the track number and 2 bits for the sector number (therefore, if 1 byte is 8 bits, the total is 2 bytes.
The substitution information recording units 56^ to 56C are similar to the first embodiment,
It is 24 bytes including the error correction code. Also,
User data 128 is included in each of the data sections 55A to 55C.
Approximately 20 bytes with 40% error correction code added.
0 bytes of data can be recorded. Therefore, the recording area for users is not significantly reduced. Note that recording and reproducing data on this optical card 51 can be performed in the same manner as described in FIGS. 2 to 4.

In this way, even if one track has multiple sectors, the replacement information can be recorded and recorded without significantly reducing the recording area that can be used by the user and without requiring any initial processing time at the time of reading, as in the first embodiment. It becomes possible to perform playback.

In each of the above-described embodiments, the track number information recorded in the replacement information recording section may not be an absolute track number, but may be the difference between the track numbers of the replacement destination and the replacement light.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, according to the present invention, a replacement information recording section is provided on the same track as a sector to record replacement information indicating the replacement destination of the sector to another track. The amount of information can be extremely small compared to the amount of sector data, and therefore the recording area for the user is not significantly reduced compared to when a replacement destination is provided within the same track. Since the information can be obtained by reading the same track as when reading the sector that is currently in use, there is no need for the initial processing time required to read out all of the replacement information when the card is inserted, which would be required if the replacement information is recorded on a separate track. , thus making it possible to significantly shorten access time.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention.
3 and 4 are flowcharts for explaining its operation. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 are diagrams for explaining the conventional technology. 21... Optical card 22... Track 23
A, 23B...10 copies 24...Sector mark 25...Data section 26...Replacement information recording section 51...Optical card 52...Track 53A, 53B...10 copies 54A-54E ...Sector marks 55A to 55C...Data section 56A to 56C...Replacement information recording section Fig. 2

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An optical card characterized in that a replacement information recording section is provided on the same track as a sector in which data is recorded, for recording replacement information indicating the replacement destination of the sector to another track.