JP2860956B2 - Optical card recording method - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an optical card recording method.

[Prior Art] An optical card has a storage capacity of several thousand to 10,000 times that of a magnetic card and cannot be erased like an optical disc, but because of its large storage capacity, a bank passbook for banking is used. Various applications, such as a portable map, a portable map, and recording of medical examination data, have been considered. In such an optical card, rewriting cannot be performed similarly to an optical disk, and a raw error rate is about 10 ⁻³ to 10 ⁻⁴ due to a defect on a medium. Depending on the size, error correction cannot be performed in some cases. Therefore, a process of replacing a block that cannot be corrected with another block is required.

As a method of such replacement processing, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open
In Japanese Patent No. 44364, as a method of replacement processing on an optical disc, as shown in FIG. 6, sectors for which error correction was not possible within one track are arranged in ascending order of ascending sector number. Disclosed are those that are alternated in order. FIG. 6 shows a case where the sector 2 is replaced with the sector 60 and the sector 5 is replaced with the sector 61, and the replaced sector is marked so as to be distinguished from other sectors.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-243994 discloses, as a replacement processing method for an optical card, a method of detecting a defect among tracks 3-1 to 3-4 recorded in the main information area 11 as shown in FIG. The track 3-3 (track number "102") is written to the next track 3-4 ("103"), and the file name is stored in the corresponding sub area 13-2 in the directory area 12.
14 (File A), main information recording start track number 15 (“10
0 ") A defective track number 17 (" 102 ") is written together with a total track number 16 (" 4 ").

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

However, each of the above methods has the following problems.

First, in the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-44364, a replacement sector is always provided in one track, so that when a track has many sectors such as an optical disc, There is no problem because the ratio of the replacement sector to the whole is small and the total storage capacity does not decrease so much, but in the case of an optical card, the card itself is small,
The capacity that can be recorded on one track is at most about 1 kbyte, and when divided into a plurality of sectors, only about four 128-byte sectors can be recorded. For this reason, 12
If one of the four 8-byte sectors is allocated for a replacement sector, only 75% of the total storage capacity can be used, resulting in extremely low efficiency.

Next, the problem of the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-243994 is not a problem when the number of tracks that could not be recorded correctly is small, but is not correct due to scratches on the medium or deterioration of the medium. If the number of tracks that could not be recorded is large, the sub-areas 13-1 to 13-4 in FIG.
In particular, when one track is divided into a plurality of sectors and used, or when the amount of data to be recorded in one file is large, it is necessary to secure a large area for A large area for writing the recording error track number 17 is required, and the area for recording the main information is reduced.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and provides an optical card recording method capable of reliably and quickly accessing a replaced block without reducing the area usable by a user as much as possible. The purpose is to:

[Means for solving the problem]

The optical card recording method of the present invention records data on a track of an optical card, determines whether an error that cannot be corrected in the recorded data has occurred, and when an error that cannot be corrected occurs, the track and the track are recorded. Re-records the same data as the data in the replacement area located on a different track, determines whether an error that cannot be corrected in the data recorded in the replacement area has occurred, and if no uncorrectable error has occurred. Preferably, replacement information indicating the position of the replacement area is recorded on the track where the uncorrectable error has occurred.

〔Example〕

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the present invention. The optical card 21 has ID sections 23A and 23B in which information indicating an address corresponding to each track is pre-recorded at both ends of a plurality of tracks 22 parallel to each other.
The area of each track between A and 23B is divided into a data section 25 and a replacement information recording section 26 by a sector mark 24. In the data section 25, data to be recorded on the optical card 21 is recorded, and in the replacement information recording section 26, the data is recorded on the data section 25. Information for indicating in which data section (other track) the data to be recorded in the data section is re-recorded is recorded.

In this embodiment, since there is one data section 25 in one sector per track, that is, one track 22, only the replacement track number is recorded in the replacement information recording section 26. The data section 25 and the replacement information recording section 26 include, for example, the data section 25 composed of 512-byte user data and an error correction code, and the replacement information recording section 26 includes 2-byte data (track number) and an error correction code. It consists of the following code. Here, a strong error correction code is used for the error correction code because the raw data has an error rate of 10 ⁻³ to 10 ⁻⁴ in the case of an optical card. 3 for 512 bytes of user data
Even if an error correction code of about 0 to 40% is added and about 22 additional bytes are added to the 2-byte track number data in the replacement information recording section 26, the data section 25 is added.
Is about 720 bytes with 40% additional bytes, and the data in the replacement information recording unit 26 is 24 bytes.
The ratio of the replacement information recording unit 26 to the whole is small,
There is no reduction in storage capacity.

FIG. 2 shows a configuration of an example of a recording / reproducing apparatus using the optical card 21 shown in FIG. In this example, data is recorded / reproduced by moving the optical card 21 in the track direction and moving the optical head 31 in a direction perpendicular to the track. The optical card 21 is mounted at a predetermined position on a conveyor belt 33 stretched between pulleys 32a and 32b, and a motor drive circuit 34 is mounted.
The motor 35 reciprocates in the track direction by driving the motor 35. An encoder 36 is attached to the motor 35 to detect the position of the optical card 21 with respect to the optical head 31, and the output is supplied to a sector mark detection circuit 37.

The optical head 31 is configured to project writing or reading light from the laser diode 31a onto the optical card 21 via the optical system 31b, and make the reflected light incident on the detector 31c. The output of the detector 31c is supplied to a demodulation circuit 38 to obtain a read signal, and is also supplied to a focus / track servo circuit 39 to detect a focus error signal and a tracking error signal, thereby moving the optical head 31 in the focus and tracking directions. Driving optical card 21
Is controlled so that the incident light always follows the track in a focused state.

The read signal is supplied to the controller 40 to detect a data reproduction signal and track address information, and is also supplied to a sector mark detection circuit 37 to detect a sector mark together with the output signal of the encoder 36, and to detect the sector mark detection signal. Is supplied to the controller 40.

The controller 40 outputs low-output read light from the laser diode 31a via the laser drive circuit 41 during data reproduction, and controls driving of the motor drive circuit 34, the demodulation circuit 38, and the focus / track servo circuit 39. Based on the track information demodulated by the demodulation circuit 38, a desired track is sought and accessed. In writing data, a desired track on which the data is to be written is sought in the same manner as described above, and then the laser drive circuit 34 is turned on.
Then, the laser diode 31a modulates and outputs the high-output write light with the data to be recorded via the laser diode 31a, and writes the data to the track.

 Hereinafter, the operation of the recording and reproducing apparatus shown in FIG. 2 will be described.

In recording data, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 3, first, the optical head 31 is moved in a direction orthogonal to the track to seek a track to be written, and data is written to the data section 25 of the track. . Next, the written data portion 25 is read (read after write), and it is checked whether a write error (error that cannot be corrected) has occurred. Here, if there is no error that cannot be corrected, the process ends. If there is an error that cannot be corrected, the optical head 31 seeks to a replacement track determined in advance by the system, and the same data is stored in the data portion of that track. Record again. Thereafter, the replacement track is also subjected to read-after-write to check for the occurrence of a write error, and the replacement is continued until the occurrence of the error is eliminated. If the replacement track can be correctly recorded, seek is performed to the original track (the track on which writing was first performed), and the track number of the replacement track that has been correctly recorded in the replacement information recording section 26 and its error correction code are used. Record replacement information. Thereafter, the replacement information recording unit 26 similarly performs the repetitive after-write operation. If there is no error, the process ends. If there is an error, the error is reported to the host computer as an error of the replacement information recording unit, and the process ends.

In reproducing data, first, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 4, the optical head 31 seeks to the track to be read, and the data section 25 and the replacement information recording section
26 readings are performed. Here, when the replacement information is not recorded, the process is terminated, and when the replacement information is recorded, the data is read out by performing a seek to the replacement track on which the data is recorded based on the replacement information. ,finish.

As described above, according to the optical card 21 shown in FIG. 1, replacement can be performed without greatly reducing the recording area usable by the user even in one sector per track, and without requiring any initial processing time at the time of reading. Recording and reproduction of information can be performed.

FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. The optical card 51 has ID sections 53A and 53B prerecorded with information indicating an address corresponding to each track at both ends of a plurality of tracks 52 parallel to each other.
The area of each track between A and 53B is divided by sector marks 54A to 54E, and three data sections 55A to 55C and three replacement information recording sections 56A to 56C are provided correspondingly, and each track has Alternation destinations of the data portions 55A to 55C to other tracks can be recorded in the corresponding alternation information recording portions 56A to 56C, respectively.

In this embodiment, each track has three sectors as described above, but the optical card has a maximum of 2500 tracks.
Therefore, the replacement information may be 12 bits for the track number and 2 bits for the sector number. Therefore, if it is 8 bits per byte, a total of 2 bytes is required. Therefore, the replacement information recording units 56A to 56C have an error correction code of 24 bytes as in the first embodiment. The data section 55
Each of A to 55C can record about 200 bytes of data by adding 40% of an error correction code to 128 bytes of user data. Therefore, the recording area for the user is not significantly reduced. This optical card 51
Recording and reproduction of data can be performed in the same manner as described with reference to FIGS.

As described above, even when a plurality of sectors are included in one track, as in the first embodiment, the recording area of the replacement information can be recorded and recorded without greatly reducing the recording area usable by the user and without requiring any initial processing time at the time of reading. Reproduction can be performed.

In each of the above embodiments, the track number information recorded in the replacement information recording unit may be a difference between the track numbers of the replacement destination and the replacement source instead of the absolute track number.

〔The invention's effect〕

According to the optical card recording method of the present invention, when an error that cannot be corrected occurs when data is recorded on a certain track, the same data is recorded on a replacement area located on a track different from the track, When the replacement of the data in the replacement area is normally performed, the replacement information indicating the position of the replacement area where the replacement was normally recorded is recorded in the above-mentioned track where the data was recorded first. Even if data cannot be recorded alternately over a plurality of times, by reproducing the track on which the data was recorded first, it is possible to immediately recognize an area where the data is normally recorded alternately, Can be accessed in a short time.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a view showing a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a view showing an example of the configuration of a recording / reproducing apparatus using the optical card shown in FIG. 1, and FIGS. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 6 and 7 are diagrams for explaining a conventional technique. 21 Optical card, 22 Track 23A, 23B ID part, 24 Sector mark 25 Data part, 26 Replacement information recording part 51 Optical card, 52 Track 53A, 53B ... ID part 54A-54E ... Sector mark 55A-55C ... Data part 56A-56C ... Replacement information recording part

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-63-56874 (JP, A) JP-A-62-234274 (JP, A) JP-A-63-129563 (JP, A) 103476 (JP, A)

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] The present invention relates to a method for recording data on a track of an optical card, and determining whether an error that cannot be corrected occurs in the recorded data. The same data as the data is recorded again in the replacement area to determine whether an error that cannot be corrected in the data recorded in the replacement area has occurred.If no uncorrectable error has occurred, the data cannot be corrected. An optical card recording method, comprising: recording replacement information indicating a position of the replacement area on a track where an error has occurred.