JPH02111257A - Dc-dc converter - Google Patents
Dc-dc converterInfo
- Publication number
- JPH02111257A JPH02111257A JP26455888A JP26455888A JPH02111257A JP H02111257 A JPH02111257 A JP H02111257A JP 26455888 A JP26455888 A JP 26455888A JP 26455888 A JP26455888 A JP 26455888A JP H02111257 A JPH02111257 A JP H02111257A
- Authority
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- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- pulse width
- error amplifier
- level
- voltage
- driving pulses
- Prior art date
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Links
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
（イ）産業上の利用分野
本発明は直流−直流変換器の改良に関し、特に過電流検
出レベルを駆動パルスに応じて可変としフの字型下特性
を持つ直流−直流変換器に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (a) Industrial Application Field The present invention relates to the improvement of a DC-DC converter, and in particular to the improvement of a DC-DC converter with variable overcurrent detection level according to a drive pulse. Regarding DC converters.
（ロ）従来の技術
ラップトツブパソコンに代表きれるバッテリー人力のボ
ータプルＯＡ機器が増えてきている。これらのＯＡ機器
に内蔵される電源はバッテリーをエネルギ源としている
ので、高い効率の直流−直流変換器であることが重要で
ある。またバッテリーの入力電圧が低い場合には過電流
の保護に使われる電流検出素子は効率面からも低入力電
圧をカバーする上からも極力小さいことが望まれる。(b) Conventional technology The number of battery-powered, portable office automation equipment, typified by laptop computers, is increasing. Since the power supplies built into these OA devices use batteries as an energy source, it is important that they be highly efficient DC-DC converters. Furthermore, when the input voltage of the battery is low, it is desirable that the current detection element used for overcurrent protection be as small as possible in terms of efficiency and to cover the low input voltage.
第４図を参照して従来の直流−直流変換器を説明する。A conventional DC-DC converter will be explained with reference to FIG.
（２１）は直流電源（＋８〜１６■）のバッテリー入力
端子、（２２）は１次の巻線（２３）と２次の巻線（２
４）とを有する変圧器、（２５）は第１の巻線（２３）
に直列に接続されたパワーＭＯＳ Ｆ ＥＴより成るス
イッチング素子、（２６）は過電流検出素子、（２７）
はパルス幅変調した駆動パルスを供給する集積回路で形
成された制御回路、（２８）はスイッチング素子（２５
）をドライブするコンプリメンタリ−トランジスタで形
成されたドライバー回路、（２９）はオペアンプで形成
されるエラー増幅器、（３０〉は基準電圧をエラー増幅
器（２９）に供給するツェナーダイオード、（３１）は
第２の巻線（２４）に接続された電流平滑回路である。(21) is the battery input terminal of the DC power supply (+8~16■), (22) is the primary winding (23) and the secondary winding (2
4), (25) is the first winding (23)
(26) is an overcurrent detection element, (27) is a switching element consisting of a power MOS FET connected in series with
(28) is a control circuit formed of an integrated circuit that supplies pulse width modulated driving pulses; (28) is a switching element (25);
), (29) is an error amplifier formed by an operational amplifier, (30> is a Zener diode that supplies the reference voltage to the error amplifier (29), and (31) is a second This is a current smoothing circuit connected to the winding (24).
断る直流−直流変換器では、出力電流Ｉ。に負荷ショー
トなどで過電流が流れた場合、１次側のスイッチング素
子（２５）に直列に接続した約０．２Ω程度の抵抗で形
成きれる過電流検出素子（２６〉で間接的に検出してこ
の電圧降下をエラー増幅器（２９）の反転入力端子（−
）に入力して、ツェナーダイオード（３０）より形成し
た常に一定の基準電圧に対する誤差信号を用いて制御回
路（２７）で駆動パルスのパルス幅を狭くして過電流保
護を実現している。In a DC-DC converter, the output current I. If an overcurrent flows due to a load short circuit, etc., it is indirectly detected by the overcurrent detection element (26), which is formed by a resistor of about 0.2Ω connected in series with the switching element (25) on the primary side. This voltage drop is converted to the inverting input terminal (-) of the error amplifier (29).
), and the control circuit (27) narrows the pulse width of the drive pulse using an error signal with respect to a constant reference voltage formed by a Zener diode (30) to achieve overcurrent protection.
なお斯る先行技術としては、特開昭５９−１４８５６３
号公報（ＨＯ２Ｍ ３／３３５）等が知られている。As such prior art, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-148563
No. Publication (HO2M 3/335) and the like are known.
（ハ）発明が解決しようとする課題
しかしながら斯る直流−直流変換器では過電流検出素子
（２６）での過電流検出レベルｃｏｃｐレベル）はツェ
ナーダイオード（３０）の基準電圧が一定であるため一
定となる。従って第５図に示す如く、出力電流Ｉ。が大
きいときは過電流検出素子（２６）に発生する検出電圧
は上側に示す様にパルス幅が大きく、出力電流Ｉ。が小
さいときは検出電圧は下側に示す様にパルス幅が小さく
なるが、ＯＣＰレベルが一定のためにピーク電流値は変
らない。このため第６図に示す如く、出力電圧Ｖ。−出
力電流■。の出力保護特性はＯＣＰレベルを超えても出
力電圧Ｖ。は減少するが、出力電流工。は増加する問題
点を有していた。この結果、特に出カシヨード状態の場
合は出力電流Ｉ。も大きく、部品が当方電流のために発
熱して破壊される問題点も有していた。(c) Problems to be solved by the invention However, in such a DC-DC converter, the overcurrent detection level (cocp level) in the overcurrent detection element (26) is constant because the reference voltage of the Zener diode (30) is constant. becomes. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, the output current I. When is large, the detection voltage generated in the overcurrent detection element (26) has a large pulse width as shown above, and the output current I. When the detection voltage is small, the pulse width of the detection voltage becomes small as shown below, but the peak current value does not change because the OCP level is constant. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, the output voltage V. −Output current■. The output protection characteristics of the output voltage V even if it exceeds the OCP level. will decrease, but the output current will decrease. has had increasing problems. As a result, the output current I, especially in the case of the output current condition. However, there was also the problem that the components would heat up and be destroyed due to the current.
（ニ）課題を解決するための手段
本発明はエラー増幅器に入力する基準電圧をスイッチン
グ素子に印加きれる駆動パルスのパルス幅に応じて可変
とすることにより、過電流保護時の出力電流Ｉ。を減少
させてフの字型下特性を有する直流−直流変換器を実現
している。(d) Means for Solving the Problems The present invention reduces the output current I during overcurrent protection by making the reference voltage input to the error amplifier variable in accordance with the pulse width of the drive pulse that can be applied to the switching element. A DC-DC converter with fold-back characteristics is realized by reducing the .
（１作用
本発明に依れば、過電流検出素子の電圧がＯＣＰレベル
を超えると過電流保護動作に入り、スイッチング素子の
駆動パルスのパルス幅を狭める。これによりＯＣＰレベ
ルは減少して、このＯＣＰレベルを超えると更に深い過
電流保護動作に入り、駆動パルスのパルス幅を更に狭め
る。この結果、過電流保護特性は）の字型下特性を持た
せることができる。(According to the present invention, when the voltage of the overcurrent detection element exceeds the OCP level, the overcurrent protection operation is entered and the pulse width of the driving pulse of the switching element is narrowed. As a result, the OCP level decreases and this When the OCP level is exceeded, a deeper overcurrent protection operation is entered, and the pulse width of the drive pulse is further narrowed.As a result, the overcurrent protection characteristic can have a )-shaped lower characteristic.
（へ）実施例
本発明に依る直流−直流変換器の一実施例を第１図乃至
第３図を参照して詳述する。(F) Embodiment An embodiment of the DC-DC converter according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.
第１図において、（１）は直流電源（＋８〜１６Ｖ）の
バッテリー入力端子、（２）は１次の巻線（３）と２次
の巻線（４）とを有する変圧器、（５）は第１の巻線（
３）に直列に接続されたＮチャンネル型パワーＭＯ８Ｆ
ＥＴより成るスイッチング素子、（６）は抵抗より成る
過′ｉｔ流検出素子、（７）はパルス幅変調した駆動パ
ルスを供給する集積回路で形成された制御回路、（８）
はスイッチング素子（５）をドライブするコンプリメン
タリ−トランジスタより形成されたドライバー回路、（
９）はオペアンプで形成されるエラー増幅器、（１ｏ）
は基準電圧を発生するツェナーダイオード、 （１１）
は第２の巻線（４）に接続きれた整流平滑回路、（１２
）は２次側の出力電圧Ｖ。（＋５Ｖ）を出力する出力端
子である。In Figure 1, (1) is a battery input terminal of a DC power supply (+8 to 16V), (2) is a transformer having a primary winding (3) and a secondary winding (4), and (5) is a transformer having a primary winding (3) and a secondary winding (4). ) is the first winding (
3) N-channel power MO8F connected in series with
A switching element consisting of an ET, (6) an excess current detection element consisting of a resistor, (7) a control circuit formed of an integrated circuit that supplies a pulse width modulated drive pulse, (8)
is a driver circuit formed of complementary transistors that drives the switching element (5), (
9) is an error amplifier formed by an operational amplifier, (1o)
is a Zener diode that generates a reference voltage, (11)
is the rectifying and smoothing circuit connected to the second winding (4), (12
) is the output voltage V on the secondary side. This is an output terminal that outputs (+5V).
本発明の特徴はエラー増幅器（９）への基準電圧バイア
スにある。即ち、エラー増幅器（９）であるオペアンプ
の非反転入力端子（＋）に従来と同様にツェナーダイオ
ード（１０〉による一定の基準電圧を印加し、更に制御
回路（７）からの駆動パルスをツェナーダイオード（１
３〉により一定の直流値をカットした後コンデンサ（１
４）で平滑化したパルス幅に比例した電圧を印加してい
る。なおオペアンプの反転入力端子（−）には過電流検
出素子（６〉からの検出電圧が印加されている。A feature of the invention is the reference voltage bias to the error amplifier (9). That is, a constant reference voltage from a Zener diode (10) is applied to the non-inverting input terminal (+) of the operational amplifier, which is the error amplifier (9), as in the conventional case, and a drive pulse from the control circuit (7) is applied to the Zener diode. (1
3) After cutting a certain DC value, connect the capacitor (1
A voltage proportional to the pulse width smoothed in step 4) is applied. Note that a detection voltage from an overcurrent detection element (6>) is applied to the inverting input terminal (-) of the operational amplifier.
次に本発明の動作原理について説明する。先ず、通常動
作について説明すると、制御回路（７）からの駆動パル
スによりドライバー回路（８）を介してスイッチング素
子（５）をオンオフして変圧器（２）の２次の巻線（４
）から安定化された出力電圧ｖ０を得ている０次に過電
流保護動作について説明すると、２次側で負荷ショート
等の事故が発生すると、出力電流Ｉ。は増大する。これ
に伴ってスイッチング素子（５）にも過電流が流れ、過
電流検出素子（６）にもＯＣＰレベルを超える検出電圧
が生じ、エラー増幅器（９）に入力される。これにより
エラー増幅器（９）から誤差信号が制御回路（７）に入
力され、駆動パルスのパルス幅を狭める様に働いてスイ
ッチング素子（５）を流れる電流を制限する。しかしこ
こではＯＣＰレベルが変化していないので、出力電圧Ｖ
。は低下するが、出力電流！。Next, the operating principle of the present invention will be explained. First, to explain the normal operation, the driving pulse from the control circuit (7) turns on and off the switching element (5) via the driver circuit (8), thereby turning on and off the secondary winding (4) of the transformer (2).
) to obtain a stabilized output voltage v0 from the 0th order overcurrent protection operation. When an accident such as a load short circuit occurs on the secondary side, the output current I. increases. Along with this, an overcurrent also flows through the switching element (5), and a detection voltage exceeding the OCP level is also generated in the overcurrent detection element (6), which is input to the error amplifier (9). As a result, an error signal is input from the error amplifier (9) to the control circuit (7), which acts to narrow the pulse width of the drive pulse and limit the current flowing through the switching element (5). However, since the OCP level is not changing here, the output voltage V
. Although the output current decreases! .
は増加傾向となる。そこで本発明では、駆動パルスに比
例した電圧を基準電圧とともにエラー増幅器（９）に印
加しているので、第２図（ａ）に示す如く、駆動パルス
のパルス幅が大きいときはＯＣＰレベルの直流レベルが
上昇し、第２図（ｂ）に示す如く、駆動パルスのパルス
幅が小さいときはＯＣＰレベルが低下する様に働く、こ
れは駆動パルスのパルス幅に応じた直流分をコンデンサ
で平滑化するために、パルス幅に比例した直流電圧を作
っているからである。従って過電流検出素子（６）で駆
動パルスのパルス幅が大きいときにＯＣＰレベルを超え
ると、エラー増幅器（９〉からの誤差信号に応答して制
御回路（７）で駆動パルスのパルス幅を減少させて出力
電圧ｖ０を減少させる。駆動パルスのパルス幅の減少に
伴いＯＣＰレベルは第３図に示す如く、低下してエラー
増幅器（９）からの誤差信号で更に制御回路（７〉で駆
動パルスのパルス幅を減少させる様に働く、この結果、
第３図に示す様にＯＣＰレベルの減少に伴い出力電流Ｉ
０も減少する）の字型下特性を実現できる。is on an increasing trend. Therefore, in the present invention, since a voltage proportional to the drive pulse is applied to the error amplifier (9) together with the reference voltage, when the pulse width of the drive pulse is large, as shown in FIG. As shown in Figure 2(b), when the pulse width of the drive pulse is small, the OCP level works to decrease.This is because the DC component corresponding to the pulse width of the drive pulse is smoothed by a capacitor. This is because a DC voltage proportional to the pulse width is created in order to do so. Therefore, if the overcurrent detection element (6) exceeds the OCP level when the pulse width of the drive pulse is large, the control circuit (7) reduces the pulse width of the drive pulse in response to the error signal from the error amplifier (9>). As the pulse width of the drive pulse decreases, the OCP level decreases as shown in Figure 3, and the error signal from the error amplifier (9) further increases the drive pulse in the control circuit (7>). This acts to reduce the pulse width of
As shown in Figure 3, as the OCP level decreases, the output current I
0 also decreases) can be realized.
（ト）発明の効果
本発明に依れば、エラー増幅器（９）の基準電圧に駆動
パルスのパルス幅に比例した電圧を印加してパルス幅が
小さくなるとＯＣＰレベルを減少させることにより、フ
の字型下特性を有する過電流保護を実現できる利点を有
する。(G) Effects of the Invention According to the present invention, a voltage proportional to the pulse width of the drive pulse is applied to the reference voltage of the error amplifier (9), and when the pulse width becomes smaller, the OCP level is reduced. It has the advantage of being able to realize overcurrent protection with a type-lower characteristic.
この結果、負荷ショート等により生じたピーク電流によ
る部品の発熱および破壊を完全に防止できる様になる。As a result, heat generation and destruction of components due to peak currents caused by load short circuits can be completely prevented.
更にＯＣＰレベルを一′定とした場合フの字型下特性は
入力電圧依存性を示し、入力電圧の上昇に伴い出力電流
１．も増加するが、本発明ではＯＣＰレベルを駆動パル
ス幅に関係きせているので、フの字型下特性の入力電圧
依存性を改善できる利点を有する。Furthermore, when the OCP level is kept constant, the fold-back characteristic shows input voltage dependence, and as the input voltage increases, the output current increases to 1. However, since the OCP level is related to the drive pulse width in the present invention, there is an advantage that the dependence of the fold-back characteristic on the input voltage can be improved.
第１図は本発明に依る直流−直流変換器を説明する回路
図、第２図はその動作を説明する波形図、第３図はその
フの字型下保護特性を説明する特性図、第４図は従来の
直流−直流変換器を説明する回路図、第５図および第６
図はその動作を説明する波形図および特性図である。
＜１）はバッテリー・入力端子、 （２）は変圧器、（
３）は第１の巻線、 （４）は第２の巻線、 （５）は
スイッチング素子、 （６）は過電流検出素子、（７）
は制御回路、 （８）はドライバー回路、 （９）はエ
ラー増幅器、 （１０）（２３）はツェナーダイオード
、 （１１）は整流平滑回路、 （１２）は出力端子、
（１４）はコンデンサである。FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram explaining the DC-DC converter according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram explaining its operation, FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram explaining its fold-back protection characteristics, and FIG. Figure 4 is a circuit diagram explaining a conventional DC-DC converter, Figures 5 and 6
The figures are a waveform diagram and a characteristic diagram explaining the operation. <1) is the battery/input terminal, (2) is the transformer, (
3) is the first winding, (4) is the second winding, (5) is the switching element, (6) is the overcurrent detection element, (7)
is a control circuit, (8) is a driver circuit, (9) is an error amplifier, (10) and (23) are Zener diodes, (11) is a rectifier and smoothing circuit, (12) is an output terminal,
(14) is a capacitor.
Claims (2)
１の巻線に直列に接続されたスイッチング素子と前記ス
イッチング素子をオンオフする駆動パルスを供給する制
御回路と前記スイッチング素子に直列に接続された過電
流検出素子と前記過電流検出素子の電圧の基準電圧に対
する誤差を検出するエラー増幅器と前記第２の巻線に接
続された電流回路とを有する直流−直流変換器において
、前記エラー増幅器に基準電圧とともに前記駆動パルス
に比例した電圧を印加することを特徴とする直流−直流
変換器。(1) A transformer having a first winding and a second winding, a switching element connected in series to the first winding, a control circuit that supplies a drive pulse to turn on and off the switching element, and the switching element. A DC-DC converter including an overcurrent detection element connected in series to the element, an error amplifier for detecting an error in the voltage of the overcurrent detection element with respect to a reference voltage, and a current circuit connected to the second winding. A DC-DC converter according to claim 1, wherein a voltage proportional to the drive pulse is applied to the error amplifier together with a reference voltage.
流値をカットした後コンデンサで平滑化して前記エラー
増幅器に基準電圧とともに印加することを特徴とする請
求項１記載の直流−直流変換器。(2) The DC-DC converter according to claim 1, wherein the DC value of the drive pulse is cut using a Zener diode, smoothed using a capacitor, and then applied to the error amplifier together with a reference voltage.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP26455888A JPH02111257A (en) | 1988-10-20 | 1988-10-20 | Dc-dc converter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP26455888A JPH02111257A (en) | 1988-10-20 | 1988-10-20 | Dc-dc converter |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02111257A true JPH02111257A (en) | 1990-04-24 |
| JPH0556111B2 JPH0556111B2 (en) | 1993-08-18 |
Family
ID=17404948
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP26455888A Granted JPH02111257A (en) | 1988-10-20 | 1988-10-20 | Dc-dc converter |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH02111257A (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1992002072A1 (en) * | 1990-07-25 | 1992-02-06 | Power Trends, Inc. | Miniaturized switching power supply with programmed level gate drive |
| WO1994018747A1 (en) * | 1993-02-13 | 1994-08-18 | Valor Electronics Inc | Low power dc-dc converter |
| EP0618665A2 (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1994-10-05 | Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. | Feedback limited duty cycle switched mode power supply |
| EP0657987A1 (en) * | 1993-12-10 | 1995-06-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Switching converter with current limitation |
| KR20020072976A (en) * | 2001-03-14 | 2002-09-19 | 현대중공업 주식회사 | Current limiting method of DC/DC converter for Electric vehicle or Hybrid electric vehicle and it's apparatus |
| DE10018229B4 (en) * | 2000-12-04 | 2005-05-19 | Friwo Gerätebau Gmbh | Method for regulating the output current and / or the output voltage of a switched-mode power supply |
| DE10116555B4 (en) * | 2001-04-03 | 2005-06-23 | Siemens Ag | Switching regulator with protective function against consequential damage in case of component defects |
| AT14235U1 (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2015-06-15 | Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg | Operating device for LED |
-
1988
- 1988-10-20 JP JP26455888A patent/JPH02111257A/en active Granted
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5265003A (en) * | 1990-07-25 | 1993-11-23 | Power Trends | Miniaturized switching power supply with programmed level gate drive |
| EP0788232A3 (en) * | 1990-07-25 | 1997-08-20 | Power Trends Inc | |
| WO1992002072A1 (en) * | 1990-07-25 | 1992-02-06 | Power Trends, Inc. | Miniaturized switching power supply with programmed level gate drive |
| EP0788232A2 (en) * | 1990-07-25 | 1997-08-06 | Power Trends, Inc | Miniaturized switching power supply with programmed level gate drive |
| US5629841A (en) * | 1993-02-13 | 1997-05-13 | Attwood; Brian E. | Low power dc-dc converter |
| WO1994018747A1 (en) * | 1993-02-13 | 1994-08-18 | Valor Electronics Inc | Low power dc-dc converter |
| EP0618665A3 (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1995-01-11 | Thomson Consumer Electronics | Feedback limited duty cycle switched mode power supply. |
| US5453921A (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1995-09-26 | Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. | Feedback limited duty cycle switched mode power supply |
| EP0618665A2 (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1994-10-05 | Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. | Feedback limited duty cycle switched mode power supply |
| SG95573A1 (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 2003-04-23 | Thomson Consumer Electronics | Feedback limited duty cycle switched mode power supply |
| EP0657987A1 (en) * | 1993-12-10 | 1995-06-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Switching converter with current limitation |
| DE10018229B4 (en) * | 2000-12-04 | 2005-05-19 | Friwo Gerätebau Gmbh | Method for regulating the output current and / or the output voltage of a switched-mode power supply |
| KR20020072976A (en) * | 2001-03-14 | 2002-09-19 | 현대중공업 주식회사 | Current limiting method of DC/DC converter for Electric vehicle or Hybrid electric vehicle and it's apparatus |
| DE10116555B4 (en) * | 2001-04-03 | 2005-06-23 | Siemens Ag | Switching regulator with protective function against consequential damage in case of component defects |
| AT14235U1 (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2015-06-15 | Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg | Operating device for LED |
| AT14235U8 (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2015-07-15 | Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg | Operating device for LED |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0556111B2 (en) | 1993-08-18 |
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