JPH021055B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an article delivery device that utilizes high frequency vibration.

[Conventional technology]

2. Description of the Related Art Devices that use high-frequency vibrations to align and deliver articles are known. Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 51-49401 discloses a bobbin delivery device. That is, as shown in FIGS. 15 to 17, spring steel members 3 are inclined at multiple locations between the receiving board 1 and the base 2, and both ends thereof are fixed 26, 26 to the members 1, 2. By turning on and off the electromagnetic magnet installed on the base, the receiving and sending board 1 resists the spring steel material 3 to attract 1 and to separate 1.
The operation of a is repeated periodically, and a circumferential feeding force is applied to the article W on the receiving and sending board 1, so that the article is sent out while performing a bouncing motion.
Therefore, when the receiving board 1 is attracted by the electromagnetic magnet against the spring force of the spring steel material, the receiving board 1 is displaced downward and in the circumferential direction, and the spring steel material 3 Deflection in the direction of arrow 4 in FIG. 15 and twisting in the direction of arrow 5 in FIG. 16 occur. As a result, compressive stress is applied to the inner portion 3a in the radial direction of the spring steel material 3 in FIG. 16, and tensile stress is applied to the outer portion 3b. Since the spring steel is in a fixed state, bending stress and shear stress due to torsion act directly on the spring steel, resulting in fatigue failure within a short time due to high frequency vibration, and the spring steel must be replaced frequently. The need arose.

In particular, when increasing the article delivery speed, it is necessary to increase the amplitude of the receiving and sending board in the article delivery direction, that is, it is necessary to increase the amount of deflection of the spring steel material, and as a result, the above-mentioned bending stress Compressive stress and tensile stress increase, and the service life of spring steel materials decreases, which is a major problem in increasing speed.

Furthermore, conventional delivery devices use commercial alternating current at a normal frequency (50
~60Hz), the amplitude is small, and the weight of the receiving board itself changes constantly due to increases and decreases in the number of items stored inside the receiving board, so weight is a variable and the natural frequency is constant. Even if the vibration frequency is set to the maximum amplitude and operation is started, the frequency may deviate from the maximum amplitude due to increase or decrease in the number of articles, and the delivery speed may decrease.

It is an object of the present invention to solve the various problems mentioned above and to provide an article delivery device that utilizes high frequency vibration and is capable of delivering articles at high speed.

[Means to solve the problem]

A device that sends out articles by vibrating a receiving board having a spiral passage at high frequency using an electromagnetic magnet and a spring steel member connected between a base and the receiving board, A sensor is arranged to detect the swing width of at least one of the receiving board and the spring steel material.

[Effect]

In response to changes in the natural frequency due to changes in the weight of the vibration system, damping of the amplitude is prevented by tuning the attraction period of the electromagnet to the natural frequency of the vibration system. That is, by obtaining the attraction cycle signal of the electromagnet from the on/off signal of the sensor, changes in the vibration frequency can be followed.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

Note that the delivery device of this embodiment will be described as a delivery device for a bobbin with or without a yarn layer, but various products can be processed, and the processing may vary depending on the size, shape, weight, etc. of the product. It is possible to apply the device of the present invention depending on the type of article by changing the dimensions of the receiving board, the shape of the passage, and the dimensions of the spring steel material. Furthermore, it would also be applicable to linear feeders.

2 and 3 show a bobbin delivery device A to which the present invention is applied. This device consists of a base 2, a receiving and receiving board 1, an electromagnetic magnet M, a spring steel K, etc., and a screw rod 6 is attached to the center of the base 2, which is fixedly installed on the floor.
An electromagnetic magnet M supported and fixed in a height-adjustable manner is disposed, and the upper surface of the magnet M serves as an attraction surface 7.

On the other hand, the receiving and sending board 1 is supported on the base 2 via spring steel members K arranged at a plurality of locations. The receiving board 1 has a space 8 for accommodating the bobbins B in a randomly arranged state, and a bobbin passage 9 that is spirally sloped gently upward along the inner circumferential wall surface, and is made of a material such as synthetic resin. It is composed of a bobbin receiving part 10 molded in The member is formed as a single steel body by fixing means such as bolts or welding.

Spring steel material K connecting between the base 2 and the receiving board 1
For example, as shown in the fourth figure, the lower horizontal part 13 is fixed to the base 2, and the upper horizontal part 1 is fixed to the receiving board 1.
4 and an inclined portion 15 extending between both horizontal portions 13 and 14 are integrally bent and formed,
Bolts 18, 19 via spacers 16, 17, etc.
It is fixed to the base 2 and the receiving board 1 by means of. Note that the bolts 18 and 19 that fix the spring steel material K are
is preferably a distance (a) away from the bent portions C1 and C2, with at least a > 0, and the larger the value of distance (a), the better, but due to restrictions due to the configuration of the device and the amount of deflection of the spring steel material. The optimum value is set based on the above.

Furthermore, the angle of inclination (.theta.1) is set according to conditions such as the required swing width of the receiving and receiving board and the distance (S) between the electromagnetic magnet M and the suction surface 20 of the receiving and sending board 1.

In the above embodiment, the spring steel material K is a single plate with a thickness (t), but the thickness (t) is determined to obtain the swing width required for the receiving board. An appropriate value is set depending on the natural frequency.
That is, in general, the natural frequency (fHz) of the receiving and transmitting board is It is expressed as Here, k is the spring constant of the spring steel material (Kg/cm), W is the weight of the entire receiving and sending board (Kg), and g is the gravitational acceleration (980 cm/sec ² ). Therefore the frequency
(f) is influenced by the spring constant (k) and weight (W). That is, the smaller the spring constant, the smaller the natural frequency, and the smaller the weight (W), the smaller the natural frequency (f).

Therefore, during normal operation, the spring constant (k) is constant and is greatly influenced by the weight (W).

Furthermore, regarding the relationship between the natural frequency (fHz) and the amplitude (e), there is a characteristic relationship shown in FIG. 9. That is,
When a spring steel material with a thickness that can withstand a desired vibration is vibrated at high frequency, the position where the maximum amplitude of the spring steel material appears differs depending on the frequency of vibration. 9th
As is clear from the graph in the figure, as the frequency decreases, the maximum amplitude increases. For example, at 60 Hz, the maximum amplitude is about 4 mm, but near 25 Hz, it is 10 mm.

From the above relationship, in order to increase the sending speed of the receiving and sending board, it is sufficient to increase the amplitude.
Hz), and for this purpose, it is appropriate to reduce the spring constant, that is, the thickness of the spring steel material.

On the other hand, regarding the bending stress applied to spring steel,
In general, the load (PKg) and deflection (δ
mm) has the following relationship: P=bh ² σ/6l...(b) δ=4l ³ P/bh ³ E...(c). Here, b is the length in the longitudinal direction of the cross section of the flat spring, h is the length in the transverse direction, so-called thickness (t), l is the length of the spring, and E is Young's modulus.

From the above equations (b) and (c), the bending stress (σ) is σ=6/4δhE/l ² ...(d).

From the above formula (d), if the amount of deflection (δ) is constant, the bending stress becomes smaller as the thickness (h) of the spring steel material becomes smaller.

Therefore, conventionally, multiple pieces of spring steel with small thickness are stacked, set to a desired spring constant, and operated under the frequency of 50 to 60 Hz of normal alternating current as shown in Figure 15. It was. Therefore, it should be able to withstand fatigue failure due to high-frequency vibrations, but in reality, failure occurred even under stress that did not reach the bending stress calculated above.

Therefore, the inventor changed the shape of the spring steel material K into a fourth shape.
In addition to having the bent portions C1 and C2 shown in the figure, the natural frequency (f) is set to a smaller value than the conventional one to enable high-speed transmission.

The operation of this embodiment will be explained below.

10 and 11 show the action of the spring steel material K, which is approximately S-shaped when viewed from the front, shown in FIG. 4. That is, as the spring steel material K repeatedly attracts and separates from the electromagnet, when viewed from the front, it alternates between the solid line position K and the two-dot chain line position Ka, as shown in FIG. 10, and when viewed from above, as shown in FIG. As shown, the solid line position K and the two-dot chain line position Kb are taken. Therefore, since the lower horizontal part 13 of the spring steel material K is fixed to the base, and the upper horizontal part 14 is fixed to the receiving board, the spring steel material K
When is displaced from the solid line position K to the two-dot chain line positions Ka and Kb, a torsional force acts. However, the above torsional force is applied to the bent portions C1 and C
2, and the stress that was acting as shear stress due to torsion on the spring steel material 3 shown in FIG. 15 releases the shear stress due to torsion in the spring steel material K shown in FIG. 10. That is, the length of the spring steel material K between the fixing points 18 and 19 by bolts is larger than the shortest straight line distance (L) between the fixing points 18 and 19, and therefore the straight line distance can be changed by the displacement of the fixing points 18 and 19. Even if the angle changes, it can be freely followed by changing the angle of the bent portion of the spring steel material K.

Other embodiments of the spring steel material are shown in FIGS. 5 to 8.
The spring steel material K1 in FIG. 5 shows the case where the angle (θ3) of the bent portions C3 and C4 formed between the upper horizontal portion 21 and the inclined portion 22, and the lower horizontal portion 23 and the inclined portion 22 is an acute angle,
The slope of the inclined portion 22 is in the opposite direction to that of the spring steel material K shown in the fourth figure. Therefore, the direction of transport of the articles on the receiving board is the direction of arrow 24, which is opposite to the direction of transport 25 in FIG.

In the spring steel material K2 shown in Fig. 6, the bent portion C5 is 1
The lower part of the spring steel material K2 is fixed to the inclined fixing surface 2a of the base side 2 with bolts 26, and the upper horizontal part 27 is fixed to the receiving and sending board 1. The direction of inclination of the inclined portion 28 is the same as that shown in FIG. 4, so the article is fed in the direction of the arrow 25.

FIG. 7 shows still another embodiment, a substantially U-shaped spring steel member K3 with bent portions C6 and C7 formed on the upper and lower sides.
The angle (θ5) between the upper horizontal part 29 and the inclined part 30 is
is an obtuse angle, and the angle (θ6) between the lower horizontal portion 31 and the inclined portion 30 is an acute angle.

Spring steel materials K, K1, K2, K in Figures 4 to 7 above
3 shows a single piece of spring steel material with a thickness (t), but as shown in FIG. 8, a spring steel material with a thickness (t)
It is also possible to use a plurality of pieces of Ki layered together as one spring steel material K4 with a thickness (nt). The above code (n) is the number of overlapping sheets. When overlapping in this way, if one spring steel material is a Z-shaped or S-shaped spring steel material, it is possible to make multiple pieces of spring steel material with the same shape and dimensions, so that the spring steel materials can be stacked closely together. Can be matched.

Furthermore, in the present invention, near the spring steel material,
In order to control the excitation timing of the electromagnet, a sensor for detecting the amplitude of the spring steel material is arranged as shown in FIG. That is, a screw rod 41 is erected on a base 40 that is located below the base 2 that supports the electromagnetic magnet and the spring steel, and that supports the base 2.
A bracket 42 supporting the sensors S1 and S2 is screwed onto the threaded rod 41 so as to be vertically adjustable. By supporting the sensors S1 and S2 on a base 40 that is separate from the base 2, it is possible to avoid the influence of the base 2, which vibrates due to the reaction with the high-frequency vibration receiving and sending board and the spring steel material, and the detection accuracy of the sensor. It is possible to increase the

The sensor S1 is a proximity sensor that detects the spring steel material that is repelled by the spring force when the electromagnet is de-energized and obtains the timing for giving an excitation command to the electromagnet again. .

On the other hand, the upper sensor S2 is a sensor for preventing the swing width of the spring steel material K, that is, the swing width of the receiving board from becoming larger than the set value, and is installed at a position further back than the sensor S1, and is used to prevent normal vibrations. The middle position is a non-active position, and when the amplitude of vibration becomes larger than the setting, the spring steel material is detected and the voltage applied to the electromagnetic magnet is lowered, or the excitation period of the electromagnetic magnet, that is, the excitation frequency ratio, is shifted. etc.,
It has a damping effect.

Next, the operation of the sensor, the vibration of the receiving and receiving board, the spring steel material, and the suction cycle of the electromagnet will be explained.

FIG. 12 shows the relationship between the vibration of the spring steel material and the detection range of the proximity sensors S1 and S2. The right end E1 of the diagram E showing the vibration shows the position where the receiving board is attracted to the electromagnetic magnet and the spring steel material in FIG. It shows the position where the most rebound occurs due to the elastic force of the spring steel material. Therefore, if a current is applied to the electromagnetic magnet from the moment when the spring steel reaches the left end E2 and is about to be displaced to the right again due to the elastic force, the vibration system, that is, the receiving board 1, the spring steel K, and the article will be accommodated. By tuning the natural frequency of the state vibration system to the cycle of current flowing through the electromagnet, that is, the attraction cycle, the receiving and transmitting board resonates with a small amount of electric power.

Therefore, the sensor S1 detects the spring steel material in the range (α) at the left end of the spring steel material K, and
The pulse signal P1 shown in the figure is generated. The pulse width (α) of the pulse signal P1 coincides with the above range (α), and the center position E2 coincides with the left end E2 in FIG. The pulse signal P1 obtained from the sensor S1 is the first
It is input to the pulse width controller 43 shown in the figure, processed, and output 44 as the pulse signal P2 shown in FIG. The output signal 44 is used as a timing signal to cause a current to flow through the coil of the electromagnetic magnet M, and controls the triax 45 shown in FIG. 1 to turn on/off the coil current.
Turn it off. That is, the rising position 46 of the pulse P2a of the corrected pulse signal P2 is corrected so as to match the left end position E2 of the vibration diagram. That is, the width of pulse P2a (first
In Figure 3, an attractive force acts on the electromagnetic magnet for a time α/2), the receiving board is attracted, and the non-excited part P2
b vibrates due to the elastic force of the spring steel material. Therefore, the pulse P2a is synchronized with the natural frequency of the receiving and transmitting board. In other words, even if the amount of articles inside the receiving and receiving board 1 changes, the weight (W) in the above equation (a) changes, and the natural frequency (fHz) changes, the attraction period of the electromagnetic magnet will always be the same as above. It tunes to the frequency (fHz).

FIG. 14 shows the relationship between the amplitude ratio and the excitation frequency ratio. Now, the diagram I shows when the excitation frequency, that is, the attraction period of the electromagnetic magnet, matches the natural frequency of the receiving and sending board. In other words, when the excitation frequency ratio is 1.0, it shows the maximum amplitude ratio, and when the weight of the article changes, for example, when the weight (W) decreases, the natural frequency (f
Hz) increases. For this reason, if the excitation frequency is kept constant, the amplitude ratio will drop to position X.

However, according to the device of the present invention, even if the natural frequency changes by, for example, 20% due to a change in the weight of the article, the excitation frequency also changes in sync, the excitation frequency ratio also changes by the same percentage, and the line The amplitude ratio that shifts to Figure J is always constant, and the amplitude never decreases.

Next, the operation of the proximity sensor S2 will be explained. The sensor S2 is located at a position further back than the first sensor S1, and normally does not detect spring steel. Now, if the amplitude increases and vibration occurs as indicated by the two-dot chain line E2a in FIG.
3 is obtained. The signals P1 and P3 are input to the pulse width controller 43 shown in FIG. 1, but when the pulse P3 is input, the controller 43 outputs the pulse signal P4. That is, the electromagnet is immediately excited 48 from the instant position 47 when the sensor S2 detects the spring steel material, and an attractive force is applied. That is, since a rightward suction force is already applied to the spring steel while it is moving toward the left end portion E2a, a kind of braking force is applied to the vibration of the spring steel, and the swing width of the spring steel is reduced. This is how it works.

Therefore, an accident in which the deflection amount (δ) of the spring steel material becomes large due to an excessive increase in the swing width, resulting in breakage of the spring steel material is prevented. Note that if the swing width becomes smaller than the diagram in FIG. 12, the amount of deflection of the spring steel material will decrease, so breakage due only to the amount of deflection will not occur.

Note that in order to prevent a decrease in the delivery speed due to a decrease in the swing width, it is also possible to provide means for increasing the swing width. For example, when the pulse width (α) of the pulse signal P1 of the sensor S1 decreases below the set value, a strong current is passed through the electric wire 49 shown in the first diagram to increase the attractive force of the magnet and the repulsive force of the spring steel material. A control circuit can be provided to increase the amplitude by increasing the amplitude.

In addition, in the above embodiment, an example was shown in which a proximity sensor was provided to detect the displacement of the spring steel material, but the same control as described above can also be performed by providing a sensor to detect the displacement of the receiving and sending board 1 itself. Of course, it is also possible. That is, a sensor is arranged to detect the displacement of the vibration system, and the signals P1 to P4 shown in FIG. 13 are generated.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, in the present invention, the attraction cycle of the electromagnetic magnet is tuned to the natural frequency of the receiving board based on the sensor that detects the amplitude of at least one of the receiving board and the spring rope. Therefore, even if the weight of the articles in the receiving board increases or decreases, the swing width of the receiving board does not decrease and a constant delivery speed can be maintained.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a front view of main parts showing an embodiment of the device of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a schematic front view showing an example of the article delivery device, Fig. 3 is a plan view of the same, and Figs. 4 to 8 are spring steel materials. Fig. 9 is a graph diagram showing the relationship between the frequency and amplitude of the spring steel material, Fig. 10 is a front view showing the behavior of the spring steel material shown in Fig. 1;
Figure 1 is a plan view of the same, Figure 12 is a line diagram showing the detection range of sensors S1 and S2, and Figure 13 is a diagram showing the detection range of sensors S1 and S2.
Fig. 14 is a signal diagram showing the relationship between the pulse signal of No. 2 and the attraction period of the electromagnet, Fig. 14 is a graph diagram showing the relation between the excitation frequency ratio and the amplitude ratio, and Fig. 15 is a graph showing the relationship between the excitation frequency ratio and the amplitude ratio. 16 is a plan view of the same, and FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram showing the principle of transporting articles. 1... Receiving board, M... Electromagnetic magnet, K...
Spring steel material, S1... Proximity sensor.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A device that sends out articles by vibrating a receiving board having a rectangular path at high frequency using an electromagnetic magnet and a spring rope connected between the base and the receiving board. An article delivery device characterized in that a sensor is provided to detect the swing width of at least one of a receiving board, a spring rope, etc., and the electromagnetic magnet is controlled by a signal from the sensor.