JPH0147697B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to an improvement in a heating and cooling system using an air source heat pump, which enables efficient heating and cooling even if the scale of the heat pump is reduced, achieves overall energy savings, and also achieves peak power consumption at the national level. The purpose of the present invention is to provide an energy-saving heating and cooling system that solves these problems and provides economical heating and cooling. Air-conditioning and heating using air-source heat pumps has always had the problem that the heat source and waste heat cannot be efficiently stored. The most common method of storing heat is installing a heat storage water tank and storing waste heat from external heat source equipment or the building in this heat source water, but a water source heat pump is required to extract this stored heat. It cannot be denied that the installation will be extensive. The present invention is an air-conditioning system using an air source heat pump, which can efficiently store cold or warm heat according to changes in outside air temperature throughout the day or throughout the season, and use this as a heat source as appropriate according to the load. The present invention provides an energy-saving heating and cooling system that requires less equipment load, and is characterized in that an air source heat pump and a heat storage tank that utilizes latent heat are connected through a specific air circulation path. The latent heat storage tank used in the present invention is a tank filled with a heat storage substance other than water that changes into solid-liquid in the operating temperature range, and can store heat in the form of latent heat by utilizing latent heat based on the phase change of this heat storage substance. This is how it was done. As such a latent heat storage tank, it is possible to use an assembly of heat storage units described in the specification and drawings of Japanese Patent Application No. 56-165369 filed by the same applicant, or a structure as shown in Fig. 1. . In FIG. 1, reference numeral 10 denotes a closed container containing a heat storage material, which is made of a heat insulating board. Further, 11 and 12 are independent air circulation paths, each having pipes arranged alternately inside the container 10. and plate fins are installed. Furthermore, in the example shown in FIG. 1, the inside of the container is divided into multiple stages vertically. The heat storage material sealed in the heat storage tank is as follows:
Substances such as those listed in Table 1 can be used. In Table 1, latent heat storage materials for low temperatures and latent heat storage materials for medium temperatures are ranked and shown, but as will be described later, these materials are used depending on the operating temperature.

[Table] The air source heat pump used in the present invention is conveniently a compression type as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, for example. In Fig. 2, 5 is a heat exchanger on the heat source side, which exchanges heat between heat source air and the refrigerant, and 4 is a heat exchanger on the heat extraction side, which exchanges heat between circulating air and the refrigerant. , 15 is an expansion valve, 16 is a four-way valve, and 17 is a compressor. By switching the four-way valve 16, the heat exchanger 5 can be used as an evaporator, the heat exchanger 4 can be used as a condenser, or as a heat exchanger. An example is shown in which 5 is a condenser and heat exchanger 4 can function as an evaporator.
Further, in FIG. 3, 18 indicates a liquid receiver, 19 indicates a filter dryer, and shows an example in which the heat exchanger 5 functions as a condenser and the heat exchanger 4 functions as an evaporator. The present invention uses such a latent heat storage tank, a heat storage material, and an air heat source heat pump to form a heating and cooling system that achieves the above-mentioned objective by forming a specific air circulation path. The details will be specifically explained below based on the embodiments shown in the drawings. The embodiment shown in FIG. 4 is configured so that air circulates between an air conditioning zone 1 and a latent heat storage tank 2 filled with a heat storage material that can undergo a phase change in the operating temperature range while exchanging heat with the heat storage material. an air circulation path A formed so that air circulates between the heat storage tank 2 and the heat extraction side heat exchanger 4 of the air heat source heat pump 3 while exchanging heat with the heat storage material; It is a heating and cooling system consisting of As the heat storage material sealed in the latent heat storage tank 2, it is preferable to use the latent heat storage materials for low temperatures shown in Table 1 above. In the figure, 7 is a fan of the air circulation path A, 8 is a fan of the air circulation path B, C is a heat source air path that sends and exhausts outside air to the heat source side heat exchanger 5 of the heat pump 3, and the fan 9 is a fan of the air circulation path B. This is interposed. The operating mode of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 will be explained below. (1) Cooling period During times when the outside air temperature is low, such as at night, the heat pump 3 is operated with the heat exchanger 5 as a condenser and the heat exchanger 4 as an evaporator, and cold heat is stored in the heat storage tank 2. As the outside air temperature rises, the operation of the heat pump 3 is stopped, and when cooling is required, only the fan 7 is driven to provide cold heat in the heat storage tank 2 to the air in the circulation path A for cooling. When the cooling load is large and cannot be covered by the stored cold heat, in addition to driving the fan 7, the heat pump 3 is also operated for cooling to send cold heat to the heat storage tank 2. (2) Heating period During a time period such as during the daytime when the outside air temperature is as high as possible, the heat pump 3 is operated with the heat exchanger 5 as an evaporator and the heat exchanger 4 as a condenser, and warm heat is stored in the heat storage tank 2. The operation of the heat pump 3 is stopped during times when the outside air temperature is low, and when heating is required, the fan alone is driven to apply the heat in the heat storage tank 2 to the air in the circulation path A for heating. If the heating load is large and cannot be covered by the stored heat, the heat pump 3 is also operated for heating in addition to driving the fan 7 to send the heat to the heat storage tank. In this way, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the peaks of cooling and heating can be effectively cut, and the heat pump 3 appropriately selects low-temperature air during cooling and high-temperature air during heating as the heat source side air. This makes it possible to significantly increase the coefficient of performance compared to air conditioning systems using ordinary air-source heat pumps. Next, the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 will be described. This example has an air circulation path A formed so that air circulates between an air conditioning zone 1 and a latent heat storage tank 2 filled with a heat storage material that can undergo a phase change in the operating temperature range while exchanging heat with the heat storage material. , an air circulation path B formed so that air circulates between the heat storage tank 2 and the heat extraction side heat exchanger 4 of the air heat source heat pump 3 while exchanging heat with the heat storage material, and a heat source side heat exchanger 4 of the heat pump. Air is exchanged with the heat storage material while exchanging heat with the latent heat storage tank 6, which is switchably connected to the heat source air path C that exhausts and supplies outside air to the exchanger 5, and which is filled with a heat storage material that can change its phase at the operating temperature. This is a heating and cooling system consisting of an air path D configured to circulate, and an air circulation path E formed so that outside air circulates through the heat storage tank 6 while exchanging heat with the heat storage material. That is, the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 has a relationship in which a latent heat storage tank 6 is added to the heat source air path C in FIG.
The basic configuration other than the addition of the latent heat storage tank 6 is substantially the same as that in Fig. 4, and the same reference numbers as in Fig. 4 refer to the same contents as explained in Fig. 4. be. In the illustrated example, the latent heat storage materials for low temperature or medium temperature shown in Table 1 are suitable as the heat storage materials sealed in the latent heat storage tank 6. The connection between the air path D of the latent heat storage tank 6 and the heat source air path C is such that the outgoing path and return path of D are connected to the exhaust path of C,
A connecting passage 25 is provided between the exhaust passage C and the outside air intake passage, and an example is shown in which opening/closing dampers 26 to 30 are interposed in the relationship shown. Further, a fan 20 is attached to the outside air circulation path E of the latent heat storage tank 6. The operating mode of the system shown in FIG. 5 will be explained below by dividing it into a cooling period and a heating period. (1) Cooling period During times when the outside air temperature is low, such as at night, the fan 20 is driven to store cold heat at the lowest possible temperature in the heat storage tank 6. Also, during the time zone when the outside air temperature is low, the heat pump 3 is operated for cooling to store cold heat in the heat storage tank 2 as in the case of FIG. 4. (Heat exchanger 5 is a condenser,
Heat exchanger 4 is an evaporator, dampers 26 and 29 are closed, and dampers 27, 28, and 30 are open).
The operation of the fan 20 and the heat pump 3 is stopped as the outside air temperature rises, and when cooling is required, only the fan 7 is driven to provide cold heat in the heat storage tank 2 to the air in the circulation path A for cooling. do. When the cooling load is large and cannot be covered by the cold heat of the heat storage tank 2, in addition to driving the fan 7, the heat pump 3 is also operated for cooling. At that time, close dampers 27, 28, and 30, and damper 2
6 and 29 are opened to form an air path that circulates between the heat source side heat exchanger 5 (condenser) and the heat storage tank 6,
When the outside air temperature is low, the cold heat stored in the heat storage tank 6 is applied to the condenser, and the heat pump 3
to increase efficiency. The condensed heat of the heat pump 3 is stored as warm heat in the heat storage tank 6, and as described above, when the outside air temperature drops, the fan 20 is driven to radiate heat to the outside air and store cold heat. (2) Heating period During a time period such as daytime when the outside air temperature is as high as possible, the fan 20 is driven to store heat at the highest possible temperature in the heat storage tank 6. In addition, during times when the outside air temperature is high, the heat pump 3 is operated for heating to store warm heat in the heat storage tank 2 as in the case shown in FIG. and 29 are closed, and the dampers 27, 28, and 30 are open). When the outside air temperature drops, the operation of the fan 20 and the heat pump 3 is stopped, and when heating is required, only the fan 7 is driven, thereby applying the warm heat in the heat storage tank 2 to the air in the circulation path A for cooling. If the heating load is so large that the heat of the heat storage tank 2 cannot cover it, in addition to driving the fan 7, the heat pump 3 is also operated for heating. At that time, damper 27,
28 and 30 are closed, and dampers 26 and 29 are opened to form an air path that circulates between the heat exchanger 5 (evaporator) and the heat storage tank 6, and this heat storage previously stored when the outside temperature is high is formed. Heat from the tank 6 is applied to the evaporator to increase the efficiency of the heat pump 3. In this case, cold heat accumulates in the heat storage tank 6, and when the outside air temperature becomes high, the fan 20 is driven to radiate the cold heat to the outside air and at the same time store warm heat. (3) When cooling and heating are required during the day In mid-season or in buildings with a lot of internal heat generation, cooling and heating may be necessary during the day. 7, exhaust heat (hot or cold) in the air conditioning zone 1 is stored in the heat storage tank 2, and this exhaust heat can be used for cooling or heating. Also heat pump 3
When driving a heat pump, the waste heat (hot or cold heat generated by driving the heat pump) is stored in the heat storage tank 6, and this is supplied to the heat exchanger 5 during reverse operation. Driving will be possible. Next, the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 will be described. This example has an air circulation path A formed so that air circulates between an air conditioning zone 1 and a latent heat storage tank 2 filled with a heat storage material that can undergo a phase change in the operating temperature range while exchanging heat with the heat storage material. , an air circulation path B formed to circulate air while exchanging heat with the heat storage material between the heat storage tank 2 and the heat extraction side heat exchanger 4 of the air heat source heat pump 3; Air circulates through a latent heat storage tank 6 which is switchably connected to a heat source air path C that sends and exhausts outside air to the exchanger 5 and which is filled with a heat storage material that can change its phase at the operating temperature while exchanging heat with the heat storage material. and an air circulation path E formed so that outside air circulates through the heat storage tank 6 while exchanging heat with the heat storage material.
and a bypass air path F for connecting the air circulation path A and the air circulation path E and/or a bypass air path G for connecting the air circulation path B and the air path D. This is a heating and cooling system. In FIG. 6, two heat storage tanks 6a and 6b are shown, but this may be one tank or three or more tanks.In short, the bypass air path F and/or Alternatively, G is added to the embodiment of FIG. 5. As the latent heat storage material to be sealed in the heat storage tanks 6a and 6b, the medium temperature latent heat storage materials shown in Table 1 are suitable. Further, when a plurality of heat storage tanks are installed, a more efficient system can be constructed by encapsulating a latent heat storage material for low temperature or medium temperature. The operating mode of the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 will be explained below. (1) Cooling period (a) Nighttime or early stage (heat dissipation operation and heat storage operation) During the hours when the outside air temperature has decreased, the fans 20a and 20b are operated to release the waste heat accumulated in the heat storage tanks 6a and 6b during the daytime cooling operation. The heat storage tanks 6a and 6b store cold heat as low as possible. In addition, the heat pump 3 is operated to cool the heat storage tank 2.
stores cold energy. In this heat dissipation and heat storage operation, the dampers 31 to 39 in the positions shown in the figure
Among them, the dampers that are closed are 31, 32, and 3.
3, 34, and 39, and open dampers are 35, 36, 37, and 38. Note that the damper 35 may be closed, the damper 34 may be opened, and outside air may be taken directly into the heat pump 3 from the preliminary outside air port 40. As in the case of FIGS. 4 and 5, the cold heat storage operation in the heat storage tank 2 can be performed while maintaining the coefficient of performance of the heat pump 3 in a high state.
Note that even if the cold heat storage in the heat storage tank 2 reaches almost saturation due to the cooling operation by the heat pump 3, if there is still surplus power (if the outside air temperature is low),
Switch the air path B to the bypass air path G (close the dampers 38 and 32, open the damper 39), and open the heat storage tank 6.
It is a good idea to store cold energy in b. (b) Daytime (cooling operation) As the outside temperature increases, the fans 20a and 2
Stop operation of 0b. For a while (in the morning when the outside air temperature is still low), the heat pump 3 may be operated for cooling in the same way as at night to store cold heat in the heat storage tank 2 and/or the heat storage tank 6b. When cooling is required in the air-conditioning zone 1, the fan 7 is driven to apply cold heat from the heat storage tank 2 to the air in the circulating air path A for cooling. When the cooling load is small, the bypass air passage F is opened (the damper 31 is opened), and cooling can be performed using the cold heat of the heat storage tank 6a that stores cold air at night. In this way, when the outside air temperature is high, the air conditioning zone can be cooled while the operation of the heat pump 3 is stopped. If the cooling load cannot be covered only by the cold heat of the heat storage tank, in addition to driving the fan 7, the heat pump 3 is also operated for cooling. At that time, the heat source air path C is switched to the air path Da and/or the air path Db, and the cold heat stored in the night cold air is supplied to the condenser (heat exchanger 5) of the heat pump 3 to improve the efficiency of the heat pump 3. Try to increase it.
Therefore, in this case as well, the heat pump 3 can be operated with a high coefficient of performance even if the outside air temperature is high. (2) Heating period Fans 20a and 2
The heat is stored in the heat storage tanks 6a and 6b by the operation of 0b. When the heat of this heat storage tank is sufficient for heating the air conditioning zone 1, the fan 20a is stopped, and this heat is introduced into the air conditioning zone 1 by the drive of the fan 7 through the bypass air path F (the damper 31 is closed). ). When the heating load becomes large, the heat pump 3 is operated together with the fans 7, 8, and 9. At that time, the air circulation path B is connected to the bypass air path G that circulates the heat storage tank 6b.
In addition, the heat source air path C is switched to the air path Da that circulates the heat storage tank 6a, and the air circulation path A is changed to the air path Da that circulates the heat storage tank 6a.
Assuming that the bypass air path F circulates
Heating can be performed by operating the heat exchanger 4 as an evaporator and the heat exchanger 5 as a condenser. Therefore, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, it is possible to use a heat pump as shown in FIG.
It is not necessary to use a heating/cooling switching type heat pump (for example, the one shown in FIG. 2). (3) When heating and cooling is required during the day (a) During heating at night or early in the morning When the outside temperature is low at night or early in the morning, the heat storage tank 6b is operated to dissipate heat by driving the fan 20b, and the heating is not performed. Exhaust heat from the heat pump during the daytime stored in the heat storage tank 6a is taken in through the bypass air path F by driving the fan 7. (b) When the heating load becomes large The heat pump 3 is operated and the exhaust heat (cold heat) from the evaporator (heat exchanger 4) is stored in the heat storage tank 2 by the fan 8 while the condenser (heat exchanger 5) is sent by the fan 9 via the air path Da, and this heat is sent to the air conditioning zone by the fan 7 via the bypass air path F for heating. (c) Daytime cooling operation (when the cooling load is small) The cold heat stored in the heat storage tank 2 by the operation of the heat pump in (b) above is used to cool the air conditioning zone 1 through the air circulation path A by simply driving the fan 7. .
Note that the fans 9, 20a, and 20b are operated to store high-temperature outside air during the day in the heat storage tanks 6a, 6b as warm heat in preparation for future heating. (d) Daytime cooling operation (when the cooling load is large) When the cooling load cannot be covered by the cold heat of the heat storage tank 2 alone, the heat pump 3 is operated and the cold heat of the evaporator 4 is sent to the air conditioning zone via the heat storage tank 2. Send it to 1. Further, the heat from the condenser 5 is stored in a heat storage tank 6a and/or a heat storage tank 6b. As described above, according to the present invention, in heating and cooling using a heat pump that uses air as a heat source, by simply switching the air circulation path, low-temperature heat source air is supplied for cooling, and high-temperature heat source air is supplied to the external heat source device for heating. This makes it possible to supply heat pumps without the use of air conditioners, making the heat pump smaller and improving its coefficient of performance in an equipment-saving manner.Also, even during times when the air conditioning load is at its peak, its power consumption is minimal. This will make a major contribution to the recent demand for energy-saving heating and cooling systems.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing one example of a latent heat storage tank used in the present invention, FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing one example of a heat pump used in the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing another example of the heat pump. FIG.
FIG. 5 is an equipment arrangement system diagram showing an embodiment, FIG. 5 is an equipment arrangement system diagram showing another embodiment, and FIG. 6 is an equipment arrangement system diagram showing another embodiment. 1...Air conditioning zone, 2...Latent heat storage tank (for low temperature), 3...Heat pump, 4...Heat extraction side heat exchanger, 5...Heat source side heat exchanger, 6...Latent heat storage tank (for medium temperature) ), 7, 8, 9... Juan.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Air circulation formed so that air circulates between the air conditioning zone 1 and the latent heat storage tank 2 in which a heat storage material that can undergo a phase change in the operating temperature range is sealed while exchanging heat with the heat storage material. A heating and cooling system consisting of a path A and an air circulation path B formed so that air circulates between the heat storage tank 2 and the heat extraction side heat exchanger 4 of the air heat source heat pump 3 while exchanging heat with the heat storage material. system. 2. An air circulation path A formed so that air circulates between the air conditioning zone 1 and a latent heat storage tank 2 filled with a heat storage material that can undergo a phase change in the operating temperature range while exchanging heat with the heat storage material; An air circulation path B formed so that air circulates between the tank 2 and the heat extraction side heat exchanger 4 of the air heat source heat pump 3 while exchanging heat with the heat storage material, and the heat source side heat exchanger 5 of the heat pump. The latent heat storage tank 6 is switchably connected to the heat source air path C that sends and exhausts outside air to the heat storage tank 6, which is sealed with a heat storage material that can change its phase at the operating temperature, so that the air circulates while exchanging heat with the heat storage material. and an air circulation path E formed in the heat storage tank 6 so that outside air circulates while exchanging heat with the heat storage material.
A heating and cooling system consisting of. 3. An air circulation path A formed so that air circulates between the air conditioning zone 1 and a latent heat storage tank 2 filled with a heat storage material that can undergo a phase change in the operating temperature range while exchanging heat with the heat storage material; An air circulation path B formed so that air circulates between the tank 2 and the heat extraction side heat exchanger 4 of the air heat source heat pump 3 while exchanging heat with the heat storage material, and the heat source side heat exchanger 5 of the heat pump. The latent heat storage tank 6 is switchably connected to the heat source air path C that sends and exhausts outside air to the heat storage tank 6, which is sealed with a heat storage material that can change its phase at the operating temperature, so that the air circulates while exchanging heat with the heat storage material. and an air circulation path E formed in the heat storage tank 6 so that outside air circulates while exchanging heat with the heat storage material.
and a bypass air path F for connecting the air circulation path A and the air circulation path E and/or a bypass air path G for connecting the air circulation path B and the air path D. Heating and cooling system.