JPH0144863B2 - - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Roof construction for flat or gently sloping roofs with a sub-construction (1) and roofing membrane (6) of elastic sealing sheets loosely laid on this, if necessary with intermediate layers such as thermally insulating layer, protective layer, water vapour barrier etc., with the roofing membrane (6) only being secured at the edge (37) of the sub-construction (1), characterised in that the intermediate space (36) provided between sealing membrane (6) and sub-construction (1) is so sealed that a pressure equilibrium between the external surrounding atmosphere and this intermediate space (36) is prevented by air influx into this intermediate space (36).

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The invention consists of a rigid substructure with a supporting function as a roof base and a liquid-tight, elastic roof covering, which Or it relates to a flat roof of the type that is laid loosely on the substructure via an intermediate layer and is fixedly connected to the substructure along the flat roof edge.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A flat roof in this case is a horizontal or somewhat sloped flat roof. The supporting substructure is generally constructed as a solid concrete roof structure or as a lightweight concrete roof structure with prefabricated parts with air-tight joints. In order to protect the substructure from weather effects, an elastic, liquid-tight roof covering is laid over the substructure. This roof covering is generally formed from strips of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) or EPDM or similar,
And it is laid on the lower structure directly or via an intermediate layer.

As the intermediate layer, for example, a heat insulating layer, a moisture permeation prevention member, and a protective layer can be provided. The roof covering is fixedly and fluid-tightly connected to the substructure along the flat roof edges by means of edge fixing elements. For example, wooden planks are known as edge fixing elements.

This wooden plank has the same thickness as the insulation layer and is fixed to the substructure, for example by means of pins. The joining of the roof covering to the wooden planks or directly to the substructure takes place, for example, using nails or screws with smooth or shaped metal sheets coated with plastic.

Flat roofs of the type mentioned at the beginning are well known. Furthermore, it is well known that strong winds create high-velocity air currents on the upper surface of the roof covering, especially in the vortex region. Due to this high airflow velocity, the air pressure acting on the roof covering is reduced. In known roof constructions with conventional loosely laid roof coverings, the underside of the roof covering is communicated with the outside air in the area of the roof edge or, if there is a penetration through the roof, in the area around the penetration. As a result, a pressure corresponding to approximately 1 bar of atmospheric pressure prevails on the underside of the roof covering. Due to the pressure difference between the lower and upper surfaces of the roof covering, a force, a so-called suction force, is generated which lifts the roof covering away from the roof substructure.

The following methods are already known as measures for preventing such lifting of the roof covering from the substructure. For example, in the case of flat roofs, it is known to adhesively fix the roof covering to the substructure at a number of points, either partially or completely, in order to absorb the above-mentioned lifting forces. It is also known to fasten the roof covering to the substructure by means of fastening elements distributed over the entire roof area if the roof covering is laid loosely. Furthermore, it is known to carry out the fixing of roof coverings by applying loads over the entire surface, in particular by laying gravel.

Furthermore, Federal Republic of Germany Patent Application Publication No. 2317545
From that document, it is known to change the wind flow conditions by means of flow disturbance elements provided in the corner and edge areas of the flat roof in order to reduce the formation of vortices. However, this measure alone is not sufficient to prevent roof covering lifting.

All such known measures for preventing lifting of the roof covering from the substructure are structurally complex and expensive.

Problem to be Solved by the Invention The object of the invention is to provide a roof covering over the entire area without gluing the roof covering to the substructure in many places or without having to secure it under load from above. The object of the present invention is to provide a flat roof with a loosely laid roof covering, which is able to withstand the forces caused by the airflow of outside air without fixing it.

Means for Solving the Problem In order to solve this object, the invention provides that in a flat roof of the type mentioned at the outset, both the supporting substructure and the roof covering are themselves impermeable. Along the edge of the flat roof, the joint between the lower structure and the roof covering is configured to be airtight, and if the flat roof is provided with a penetrating body, the area around the penetrating body is The roof sheathing is connected to the substructure in an airtight structure that prevents air from passing through, thereby preventing the inflow of outside air from either part of the intermediate chamber between the roof sheathing and the substructure. It is characterized by having a closed structure that allows it to be closed.

In the above, the penetrating body is a structural member such as a chimney, a light intake dome, a conduit, a rainwater gutter, etc. that penetrates the roof covering.

The complete sealing of the intermediate chamber between the roof sheathing and the substructure in order to prevent the phenomenon of lifting of the roof sheathing due to the influence of outside air is not well-known and has never been anticipated in the past. There is,
Moreover, it was not something that could be carried out without difficulty. That is,
Conventionally, in order to make the roof covering withstand the above-mentioned lifting force, consideration has been given to laying the roof covering in a strongly fixed state and weakening the generation of the lifting force. It was completely unexpected that the force would be canceled out by the perfect sealing of the intermediate chamber and the equilibrium of internal and external pressures. The present invention was completed after experimentally confirming that the above-mentioned method of cancellation is extremely effective.

In the practice of the present invention, the undercarriage is itself constructed as non-breathable. Therefore, if there are joints in the substructure, the joints are sealed by tightly interposing sealing strips, sealing bodies, or the like within the joint. Alternatively, a similar sealing objective is achieved by sealingly bonding the roof covering to the substructure on both sides of the joint. Materials used for the roof covering according to the invention are materials that are less susceptible to weathering and are resistant to tension and tearing. The required properties are: soft polyvinyl chloride, with or without fiber reinforcement;
By thermoplastic plastic sealing strips or elastomeric plastic sealing strips or thermoplastic elastomeric plastic sealing strips based on polyisobutylene, butyl rubber, polychloroprene, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, ethylene, propylene terpolymer rubbers. It is filled. On the other hand, the lower structure is not flexible but has sufficient rigidity and static strength to absorb the suction force caused by the wind.

The substructure can be, for example, a solid concrete roof structure, a concrete prefabricated roof structure with air-tight joints or a lightweight concrete prefabricated roof structure, a roof sealing element already fully glued onto the substrate, e.g. a bituminous base, a formed sheet metal. It is formed from a roof formed from chipboard with sealed faces or joints.

In addition to the impermeability of the substructure, the roof covering must not only be fixed along the flat roof edge;
Must be sealed airtight. For this purpose, the roof covering is connected in a gas-tight manner to the substructure using sealing strips, sealing bodies, solvent adhesives, adhesives, adhesive tapes or the like under pressure in the area of the roof edge. The components used for sealing are related to the materials used for the roof covering, e.g. when using flexible polyvinyl chloride sealing strips for roof coverings, solvent bonding is performed to the connecting material; If sealing strips based on ethylene-propylene terpolymer rubber are used, for example, the sealing is effected by means of adhesive tapes or suitable adhesives.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, when producing the roof seal, the intermediate chamber between the roof covering and the substructure is evacuated in order to reduce the air volume within the chamber. This means that the air is drawn out of the intermediate chamber so that the intermediate chamber between the roof sheathing and the substructure is made as small as possible and at the same time brings the loosely laid roof sheathing into close planar contact with the roof surface. Become a thing. For the construction of the flat roof according to the invention with a loosely laid roof covering, it is immaterial whether a further loosely laid intermediate layer is provided between the roof covering and the substructure. If an intermediate layer is provided that is fixedly connected to the substructure, said intermediate layer is considered an integral component of the substructure in terms of roof function. Furthermore, a support plate can be installed on the flat roof according to the invention, for example in order to enable walking on the roof surface. This support plate does not interfere with the function of the flat roof according to the invention.

Embodiment FIG. 9 shows the basic structure and mode of operation of a flat roof according to the invention. A roof covering 6 consisting of an elastic plastic sealing strip is laid over the non-breathable substructure 1, which is statically well designed to absorb wind suction forces and sealed against air circulation. and is fixedly connected to the lower structure 1 in an airtightly sealed state at the flat roof edge 37. An intermediate chamber 36 is provided between the substructure 1 and the roof covering 6. The wind flowing in the direction of the arrow 38 creates a negative pressure on the roof surface in the vortex formation region 40 due to the vortex formation near the edge of the substructure 1 .

However, atmospheric pressure prevails in the intermediate chamber 36, so that the roof covering 6 is pushed upwards in the direction of the arrow 41 due to this atmospheric pressure. In this case, the intermediate chamber 36 is enlarged and the pressure decreases in the intermediate chamber until this pressure is equal to the pressure occurring on the outer surface of the roof covering. When the same pressure comes to prevail on both sides of the roof sheathing 6, ie on the upper and lower sides, the roof sheathing will no longer be moved.
This prevents the roof covering from being stretched further. The negative pressure in the intermediate chamber 36 causes the undercarriage 1 to be pushed upwards in the direction of the arrow 42 by the full atmospheric pressure acting below this substructure; Air pressure is absorbed based on the rigid structure of the non-ventilated substructure.

To form a flat roof according to the invention, the roof cladding, the substructure and the intermediate chamber between the roof cladding and the substructure must be sealed satisfactorily against air flow. FIG. 1 shows, for example, a flat roof edge structure with a loosely laid roof covering. The substructure, for example a cast concrete roof structure, is constructed with an upwardly projecting peripheral edge. Reference numeral 1a designates this upwardly projecting edge. The substructure 1 is covered with a multilayer roofing material. In the embodiment shown, a protective layer 2 is laid loosely directly on the substructure, and above this a vapor barrier sheet 3, for example made of a polyethylene sheet, and a heat-insulating layer 4, for example made of a polystyrene foam plate, are successively applied. All of them are laid loosely. The insulation layers 4 are hooked together at their edges. However, the heat-insulating layer can also be made from other foam materials, such as phenolic foam, polyurethane foam, polyethylene foam or networked polyethylene foam. Above the heat insulating layer 4, there is a loose protective layer 5, for example, the weight per unit area is 100 g/m ²
More glass fleece is laid. The outermost closure is formed by a roof sheathing 6 made of an elastic roof sealing strip, for example flexible polyvinyl chloride, which is connected to one another in a gas-tight manner at their joints. The sealing of the intermediate chamber 36 remaining between the roof covering 6 and the substructure and the fixing of the individual layers in the substructure are carried out by the following elements. The vapor barrier sheet 3 extends above the upper protruding edge 1a that protrudes above the lower structure 1, is sealed to the lower structure by a sealing strip 9, and is independent from the outside. It is sealed by a sealing strip 10 made of a soft foam material. The fastening of the layers of the vapor barrier sheet 3 is carried out in the edge region by wooden planks 8, which are laid on the vapor barrier sheet 3 and fastened to the substructure using nails 7. At the same time, the sealing strip 9 is compressed. The thickness of the wooden plank 8 is equal to the thickness of the insulation layer 4. An L-shaped plastic bonded sheet metal molding 18 is fastened to the wooden plank 8 by means of nails 19, with a further sealing strip 11 interposed therebetween. The plastic-coated side of this plastic-bonded sheet metal profile 18 is used for welding the roof covering 6 in a gas-tight manner. The plastic sheathing of the plastic-bonded sheet metal profile 18 is likewise made of flexible polyvinyl chloride, so that solvent bonding of the roof sheathing 6 can be carried out in a simple manner in the area designated by 15. The upwardly projecting edge 1a of the undercarriage is likewise covered with an additional heat-insulating layer 16 and a loose protective layer 17, and the outer edge closure is made of a plastic-bonded sheet metal molding. 12 is formed, and the plastic bonded sheet molded body 12 is attached to the upper projecting edge 1 using a nail 14 through a sealing strip 10.
The plastic-coated surface of the plastic-bonded sheet metal molding 12, which is fixed at point a, is used in the area indicated by reference numeral 15 to fix the edge connection strip 13 by means of solvent adhesive. The edge connection strip 13 extends along its edge from the plastic-bonded sheet metal profile 12 to the plastic-bonded sheet metal profile 18, to which the other end of the edge connection strip 13 is likewise welded. has been done. Plastic bonded thin plate molded body 12,1
8 serves for the mechanical fixation of the roof covering to the substructure, whereas the solvent adhesive and the sealing strips 9, 10, 11 form an intermediate chamber 36 between the substructure 1 and the roof covering 6. It helps to seal it from the outside air.

FIG. 2 shows a fixed type and a sealed type of roof rainwater gutter 20 with an inlet hopper 21. The rainwater gutter 20 and the inflow hopper 21 are made of hard polyvinyl chloride, for example, and are assembled to each other via a sealing ring 22 so that their height can be adjusted. The support flange of the rainwater channel 20 is laid on the steam barrier sheet 3 and penetrated through the cutout 43 of the lower structure 1. Rainwater ditch 2
The inlet hopper 21 inserted into the inlet hopper 21 has its supporting flange laid on the protective layer 5 above the heat insulating layer 4. The roof covering 6 is attached at 15 by solvent bonding.
It is airtightly and fixedly connected to the support flange of the inflow hopper at the part indicated by . The rainwater groove 20 passing through the lower structure 1 is sealed at the joint 23 between the rainwater groove 20 and the notch 43 by, for example, a partially foamed polyurethane foam sealing member.

FIG. 3 shows a flat roof edge formed by repairing an old bituminous roof. In this case, a roof sealing element 24 is provided on the substructure 1, for example a multilayer bituminous cardboard glued with bitumen, which bituminous cardboard is connected to the substructure 1 made of lightweight cellular concrete, for example. There is.
Furthermore, a heat insulating layer 4 is provided loosely above the bituminous cardboard, which is covered on the upper side by a protective layer 5 and a loosely laid roof covering 6. The fixing of the roof covering 6 to the substructure takes place via wooden planks 8, which are fastened to the substructure by means of nails 7 via sealing strips 9. A plastic bonded sheet molded body 18 is fixed to the upper side of the wooden plank 8 using nails 19 with sealing strips 11 inserted. On the upwardly directed plastic sheathing side of the plastic bonded sheet metal profile 18, the roof sheathing 6 is fixed in place at 15 in a non-stripping and gas-tight manner, for example by solvent bonding. The roof edge is formed by a plastic bonded sheet metal profile 12 and a T-shaped edge profile 27 in cross section.
These molded bodies are fixed to the lower structure by a percussion hammer bet 25 via a sealing strip 10. An edge connection strip 13, which likewise consists of an elastic sealing strip, covers the edge area and is solvent-glued to the plastic-bonded sheet-metal profiles 12 and 18 in a non-separable and gas-tight manner in said section 15. There is. The described configuration of the edge protection of the roof covering 6 and of the substructure ensures a satisfactory sealing of the intermediate chamber 36 against air flows from the outside. Additionally, protection via a liquid film 26 can also be provided at the seam end.

FIG. 4 shows the type of fastening of the mounting rim for the light-intake dome to the substructure and the type of gas-tight penetration through the roof covering and the substructure.
For example, a protective layer 2 is laid on the lower structure 1, and the support flange 29a of the mounting rim 29 is laid on this protective layer 2 with a sealing strip 9 interposed therebetween.

On the outside of the mounting rim 29, an edge connection strip 13 made of a material corresponding to the roof covering in terms of its material composition is attached in a non-removable manner by means of an adhesive layer 28. Furthermore, the mounting rim is fixed to the substructure using nails 19, with a flat plastic bonding sheet strip 30 placed thereon. The plastic-bonded sheet metal strip 30 is used in the area 15 for a non-removal and gas-tight installation of the roof covering, for example by means of solvent bonding. Additionally, the edges of the roof covering can be sealed via a liquid film 26.

FIG. 5 illustrates another type of fastening and sealing of the mounting rim on a flat roof. In this case, a plastic-bonded sheet metal molding 31 is fixed to the outside of the mounting rim 29 by means of rivets 32, and the outer plastic-coated side of the plastic-bonded sheet metal molding 31 is attached to said part by means of solvent adhesive. It is used to join and fix the roof covering 6 in an airtight manner so that it does not come off at 15.

FIGS. 6 and 7 show an embodiment in which a loosely laid roof covering in the area of the connection to the wall is fixed in a non-stripping and airtight manner. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 6, an old roof sealing element 24, for example, is provided over the entire surface of the substructure, and a further roof covering 6 is loosely placed on top of this roof sealing element 24 via a protective layer 2. It is laid out in The connection to the wall is made by means of a plastic-bonded sheet metal profile 33, which is fixed to the substructure 1, made of lightweight foamed concrete, for example, by means of nails 7 via sealing strips 9. The outwardly facing side of the plastic-bonded sheet metal profile 33 is coated with plastic, so that the roof covering 6 can be welded or glued in an air-tight manner onto the plastic-bonded sheet metal profile in the area 15. A variant of the embodiment of the type of connection to the wall is illustrated in FIG.
It is guided upwardly in accordance with the numeral 15, and is connected with a solvent at a portion 15 and protected via a liquid film 26. This makes it possible to achieve the desired bonding and sealing of the intermediate chamber 36 that does not come off and is airtight.

If the flat roof has a parapet,
The roof covering 6 is fixed, for example as shown in FIG. In this case, the holding molded body 35
is an upwardly protruding edge 1a that protrudes upwardly of the lower structure.
It is fixed using nails 7 through a sealing strip 9. A plastic bonded sheet metal molded body 34 forming an edge protection member is provided above the holding molded body 35 .
4, the roof covering 6 is bonded and fixed in an airtight manner by solvent bonding at a portion 15 to prevent it from peeling off. For sealing and possibly as an assembly aid, rubber, elastic or plastic plastic or elastomeric plastic or closed-cell flexible foams coated on one side with adhesive. Seal strips made of wood can be used. Furthermore, elastic or elastic-plastic bonding agents can be used depending on the location of use.

FIG. 10 shows a basic diagram of a house 44 with a flat roof. The loosely laid roof covering covers the roof surface and extends over the flat roof edge 37.
and around the roof penetrations, for example the mounting rim 29 for the light-intake dome and around the chimney 45 in a sealed manner.

Effects of invention The mode of operation of the present invention will be explained in detail below.

When the air is calm, the same air pressure of approximately 1 bar prevails on the top and bottom sides of the roof covering. However, when high-speed air flows along the top surface of the roof covering during strong winds, the air pressure at the top surface of the roof covering is reduced.

In this case, the air trapped in the intermediate chamber between the roof sheathing and the substructure expands with some lifting of the roof sheathing, and the air pressure prevailing in this intermediate chamber is transferred between the upper and lower surfaces of the roof sheathing. Decrease until force balance occurs. This results in an approximately equal pressure balance.

The above-mentioned effect according to the invention is obtained only if the negative pressure in the intermediate chamber between the roof covering and the substructure is not compensated for by air flowing in from the outside. According to the invention, the inflow of air into the intermediate chamber is
This is prevented by the fact that the intermediate chamber is of airtight construction on all sides. In this case, problems due to air diffusion through the roof covering or substructure are practically negligible.

Due to the configuration of the invention, the lifting of the roof covering from the substructure is limited to a very small extent, so that the roof covering is not stretched significantly. Therefore, the flat roof according to the present invention can use a roof covering material that has high tensile strength, high strength, and is inexpensive without requiring a large thickness. Furthermore, it is possible to use a relatively simple fixing method for fixing the roof covering to the lower structure since no large force is applied to the fixing portion due to lifting of the roof covering. Therefore, the flat roof according to the present invention can be constructed easily and inexpensively.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention, in which Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the edge of a flat roof, Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a rainwater gutter built into the flat roof, and Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a repaired rainwater gutter. Cross-sectional view of flat roof edge for bituminous roof, No. 4
5 and 5 are cross-sectional views of the connection of the mounting rim of the light-inlet dome; FIGS. 6 and 7 are cross-sectional views showing various types of connection to the roof seal wall; and FIG. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a flat roof according to the present invention under the influence of wind, and FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a house with a flat roof. 1... Lower structure, 1a... Upper protruding edge,
2, 5, 17... Protective layer, 3... Vapor barrier sheet, 4, 16... Heat insulation layer, 6... Roof covering, 7,
14,19...Nail, 8...Wooden plank, 9,10,
11... Seal band material, 12, 18, 31, 33,
34...Plastic bonded thin plate molded body, 13...
Edge connection strip, 15... portion, 20... rainwater groove, 21... inflow hopper, 22... seal ring, 23... joint portion, 24... roof sealing member,
25... Impact hammer bet, 26... Liquid film, 27... Edge molded body, 28... Adhesive layer, 2
9...Mounting rim, 29a...Support flange, 3
0... Plastic bonding thin plate strip, 32... Rivet, 35... Holding molded body, 36... Intermediate chamber, 3
7... Flat roof edge, 38, 39... Arrow indicating the wind flow direction, 40... Vortex forming range, 41... Arrow indicating the lifting direction of the roof covering, 42... Indicating the lifting direction of the lower structure Arrow, 43...notch, 44...house, 45...chimney.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Consisting of a rigid flat roof substructure having a supporting function and a liquid-tight, elastic sheet-like roof covering, the roof covering is directly or indirectly connected to the lower structure through an intermediate layer. In flat roofs which are laid loosely on the structure and in which the roof covering is fixedly connected to the substructure along the flat roof edges, both the substructure 1 and the roof sheathing 6 are themselves non-ventilated. and the joint between the lower structure 1 and the roof covering 6 along the flat roof edge 37 is configured to have an airtight structure that does not allow air to pass through, and the flat roof is provided with a penetrating body. Further, in the area around the penetrating body, the roof covering 6 is connected to the lower structure 1 with an airtight structure that does not allow air to pass through, and as a result of the above, there is a gap between the roof covering 6 and the lower structure 1. A flat roof characterized in that the intermediate chamber 36 has a sealed structure that prevents outside air from flowing in from any part. 2. The sealing connection between the lower structure 1 and the roof covering 6 at the flat roof edge 37 is achieved by fixing the plastic bonded sheet molded bodies 12, 18 on the lower structure 1 in an airtight manner via the sealing strips 9, 10, 11. 2. The flat roof according to claim 1, wherein the roof covering 6 is hermetically bonded onto the thin plate molded body by solvent bonding. 3 Intermediate chamber 3 between roof covering 6 and substructure 1
2. The flat roof according to claim 1, wherein the roof covering 6 is brought into close contact with the lower structure 1 by venting air from the roof 6.