JPH0134663Y2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0134663Y2 JPH0134663Y2 JP19742883U JP19742883U JPH0134663Y2 JP H0134663 Y2 JPH0134663 Y2 JP H0134663Y2 JP 19742883 U JP19742883 U JP 19742883U JP 19742883 U JP19742883 U JP 19742883U JP H0134663 Y2 JPH0134663 Y2 JP H0134663Y2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- ceramic member
- water jacket
- cylinder head
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002077 partially stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
Description
【考案の詳細な説明】
（産業上の利用分野）
本考案はデイーゼルエンジン等における副室の
構造に関し、とくに副室内壁をセラミツクで形成
した構造の改良に関するものである。[Detailed Description of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to the structure of a subchamber in a diesel engine or the like, and particularly relates to an improvement of a structure in which the subchamber wall is formed of ceramic.
（従来技術）
従来から、主燃焼室に連通する副室を備えたエ
ンジンは種々知られており、例えばデイーゼルエ
ンジンでは、主燃焼室から噴口を通して副室に空
気を流入させ、副室に渦流を生じさせた状態で燃
料を副室内に噴射して着火させるようにした渦室
式のものが広く用いられている。この種のエンジ
ンにおいては、上記副室からの熱の放散を防止し
て副室の温度を高く保つことが低温時の着火性の
向上が半失火の防止に有効であり、とくにシリン
ダヘツドが熱伝導性の高いアルミ合金で形成され
る場合、副室からの熱の放散を防止することが強
く要望される。このため実開昭54−112905号公報
などに示されるように、断熱性にすぐれたセラミ
ツク部材によつて副室の内壁を形成し、つまり予
め所定形状に形成したセラミツク部材をシリンダ
ヘツドの凹孔に嵌め込むようにしたものが開発さ
れている。なお、上記公報に示された副室構成部
材は副室の下部内壁だけをセラミツクで形成して
いるが、断熱効果をより一層高めるため、副室の
内壁全体をセラミツク部材で形成するようにした
ものも提案されている。(Prior Art) Various engines have been known that are equipped with an auxiliary chamber that communicates with the main combustion chamber. For example, in a diesel engine, air flows from the main combustion chamber into the auxiliary chamber through a nozzle to create a vortex flow in the auxiliary chamber. A vortex chamber type is widely used in which fuel is injected into a subchamber in the generated state and ignited. In this type of engine, preventing heat dissipation from the pre-chamber and keeping the pre-chamber temperature high is effective in preventing half-fires by improving ignition performance at low temperatures, especially when the cylinder head is hot. When made of highly conductive aluminum alloy, it is strongly desired to prevent heat dissipation from the subchamber. For this reason, as shown in Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 54-112905, the inner wall of the subchamber is formed of a ceramic member with excellent heat insulation properties. A device has been developed that can be fitted into the Note that in the sub-chamber constituent member shown in the above publication, only the lower inner wall of the sub-chamber is made of ceramic, but in order to further enhance the heat insulation effect, the entire inner wall of the sub-chamber is made of ceramic material. Something has also been proposed.
このように副室内壁をセラミツク部材で形成す
る場合、セラミツクは引張り強度が金属と比べて
低いため、副室内が高温になつたとき、セラミツ
ク部材の内側と外側との温度差によつてセラミツ
ク部材の外周部に引張り応力が作用してクラツク
が生じ易くなる。これに対する対策も従来から
種々提案されており、例えば上記公報に示された
ものでは、予めセラミツク部材の外周に圧縮応力
をもたせるように金属リングを嵌着することによ
り引張り応力を抑制するようにし、さらに金属リ
ングの外周部に断熱空間となる溝を成形して断熱
効果を高めるようにしている。このように断熱空
間を形成しておけばセラミツク部材の内周と外周
との温度差を小さくすることができてクラツクの
防止にも有利である。 When the walls of the sub-chamber are made of a ceramic material in this way, ceramic has a lower tensile strength than metal, so when the temperature inside the pre-chamber reaches a high temperature, the difference in temperature between the inside and outside of the ceramic material causes the ceramic material to break down. Tensile stress acts on the outer periphery, making it easier for cracks to occur. Various countermeasures against this have been proposed in the past. For example, in the one disclosed in the above publication, a metal ring is fitted in advance to the outer periphery of the ceramic member so as to impart compressive stress to suppress the tensile stress. Furthermore, a groove is formed on the outer periphery of the metal ring to serve as a heat insulating space to enhance the heat insulating effect. By forming a heat insulating space in this manner, the temperature difference between the inner and outer circumferences of the ceramic member can be reduced, which is advantageous in preventing cracks.
ところで、一般にこの種のエンジンではシリン
ダヘツドの側辺近傍部に副室が設けられ、この副
室の一側方のシリンダヘツド中央部側にウオータ
ジヤケツトが形成され、これと反対側の副室側方
（シリンダヘツド側辺部側）にはウオータジヤケ
ツトが設けられていない。この構造においては、
エンジンの作動によつて冷却水の温度がある程度
高くなつているとき、セラミツク部材外周のウオ
ータジヤケツト側部分の温度は比較的高いが、こ
れと反対側の部分は外気温に近くてウオータジヤ
ケツト側部分より温度が低くなるという傾向があ
り、従つてウオータジヤケツトが形成されていな
い側の方がセラミツク部材内周と外周との温度差
が大きくなり易い。クラツクの発生防止のために
は、このようなセラミツク部材の周方向の温度勾
配もできるだけ小さくすることが望ましいが、従
来の構造ではこの点について着目されていなかつ
た。 By the way, in general, in this type of engine, a sub-chamber is provided near the side of the cylinder head, a water jacket is formed on one side of the sub-chamber toward the center of the cylinder head, and a sub-chamber is formed on the opposite side of the sub-chamber. No water jacket is provided on the side (side of the cylinder head). In this structure,
When the temperature of the cooling water rises to a certain degree due to engine operation, the temperature of the water jacket side part of the outer circumference of the ceramic member is relatively high, but the temperature of the part on the opposite side is close to the outside temperature and the temperature of the water jacket side is relatively high. There is a tendency for the temperature to be lower than that at the side portions, and therefore the temperature difference between the inner and outer circumferences of the ceramic member tends to be larger on the side where the water jacket is not formed. In order to prevent the occurrence of cracks, it is desirable to minimize the temperature gradient in the circumferential direction of the ceramic member, but this point has not been paid attention to in conventional structures.
（考案の目的）
本考案はこれらの事情に鑑み、副室内壁をセラ
ミツク部材で形成する場合に、断熱効果をさらに
向上するとともに、セラミツク部材の内外ならび
に周方向の温度勾配を小さくし、クラツクの発生
をより確実に防止することのできるエンジンの副
室構造を提供するものである。(Purpose of the invention) In view of these circumstances, the present invention further improves the heat insulation effect when the sub-chamber wall is formed of a ceramic member, reduces the temperature gradient inside and outside the ceramic member, and in the circumferential direction, thereby reducing cracks. The present invention provides an engine pre-chamber structure that can more reliably prevent such occurrence.
（考案の構成）
本考案は、主燃焼室と連通する副室の一側方に
のみウオータジヤケツトが形成されたエンジンに
おいて、副室内壁をセラミツク部材で形成すると
ともに、セラミツク部材の外周に断熱空気層を形
成し、該空気層の厚さを、ウオータジヤケツト側
に比べウオータジヤケツトが形成されていない側
で大きく形成したものである。つまり、セラミツ
ク部材外周からの放熱を上記断熱空気層によつて
抑制し、とくにウオータジヤケツトが形成されて
いない側のセラミツク部材外周に対する保温性を
高めるようにしたものである。(Structure of the invention) The present invention is an engine in which a water jacket is formed only on one side of the auxiliary chamber communicating with the main combustion chamber, in which the wall of the auxiliary chamber is formed of a ceramic material, and the outer periphery of the ceramic material is insulated. An air layer is formed, and the thickness of the air layer is greater on the side where the water jacket is not formed than on the water jacket side. That is, heat radiation from the outer periphery of the ceramic member is suppressed by the heat insulating air layer, and heat retention is particularly enhanced for the outer periphery of the ceramic member on the side where the water jacket is not formed.
（実施例）
第１図および第２図は渦室式デイーゼルエンジ
ンに適用される副室構造を示す。これらの図にお
いて、１はシリンダブロツク、２はシリンダヘツ
ドであり、両者はアルミ合金等で成形されてい
る。上記シリンダブロツク１のシリンダ孔３には
ピストン４が挿入され、このピストン４の上方に
主燃焼室５が形成されている。一方、シリンダヘ
ツド２の側辺近傍部には、噴口７を介して主燃焼
室５と連通する副室（渦流室）６が設けられてい
る。またこの副室６内の所定位置に向けて燃料を
噴射する燃料噴射弁８と、先端が副室６内に突入
した始動時の予備加熱用のグロープラグ９とがシ
リンダヘツド２に取付けられている。そしてピス
トン４の作動に伴い、主燃焼室５から噴口７を通
して副室６内に空気が流入し、副室６内で空気が
高圧縮されるとともに渦流が生じた状態で燃料噴
射弁８から燃料が噴射されて自己着火し、その火
炎が上記噴口７から主燃焼室５に送り出されるよ
うになつている。またこの副室６より内方のシリ
ンダヘツド２内にはウオータジヤケツト１０が形
成されている。(Example) FIGS. 1 and 2 show a pre-chamber structure applied to a swirl chamber type diesel engine. In these figures, 1 is a cylinder block and 2 is a cylinder head, both of which are molded from aluminum alloy or the like. A piston 4 is inserted into the cylinder hole 3 of the cylinder block 1, and a main combustion chamber 5 is formed above the piston 4. On the other hand, an auxiliary chamber (vortex chamber) 6 is provided near the side of the cylinder head 2 and communicates with the main combustion chamber 5 via a nozzle 7 . Furthermore, a fuel injection valve 8 that injects fuel toward a predetermined position within the subchamber 6 and a glow plug 9 for preheating during startup, the tip of which extends into the subchamber 6, are attached to the cylinder head 2. There is. As the piston 4 operates, air flows from the main combustion chamber 5 through the nozzle 7 into the auxiliary chamber 6, and the air is highly compressed in the auxiliary chamber 6, and fuel is injected from the fuel injection valve 8 in a state where a vortex is generated. is injected and self-ignited, and the flame is sent out from the nozzle 7 to the main combustion chamber 5. Further, a water jacket 10 is formed inside the cylinder head 2 inwardly from the auxiliary chamber 6.
上記副室６は、その内壁全体がセラミツク部材
１１で形成されている。このセラミツク部材１１
は、セラミツク材料のうちで耐熱衝撃性にすぐれ
た窒化ケイ素からなる部分と、これより耐熱衝撃
性は劣るが断熱性にすぐれた部分安定化ジルコニ
アからなる部分とを組合わせて形成することが望
ましい。例えば噴口７を有する下端壁１１ａと、
下部周壁１１ｂと、燃料噴射弁８を臨ませる貫通
孔１２およびグロープラグ９を挿通する貫通孔１
３を有する上部ドーム状壁１１ｃの三者に予めセ
ラミツク部材１１を分割し、噴口７付近に大きな
熱衝撃を受ける上記下端壁１１ａは窒化ケイ素
で、下部周壁１１ｂは部分安定化ジルコニアで、
また上部ドーム状壁１１ｃは窒化ケイ素もしくは
部分安定化ジルコニアでそれぞれ成形しておき、
これら三者を接合して所定形状に形成する。ある
いはセラミツク部材を周壁中間部より下部と上部
とに予め２分割し、下部を窒化ケイ素で成形し、
上部を部分安定化ジルコニアで成形しておいても
よい。 The entire inner wall of the auxiliary chamber 6 is formed of a ceramic member 11. This ceramic member 11
It is desirable to form the ceramic material by combining a part made of silicon nitride, which has excellent thermal shock resistance, and a part made of partially stabilized zirconia, which has inferior thermal shock resistance but excellent heat insulation properties. . For example, a lower end wall 11a having a spout 7,
A lower peripheral wall 11b, a through hole 12 through which the fuel injection valve 8 is exposed, and a through hole 1 through which the glow plug 9 is inserted.
The ceramic member 11 is divided in advance into three parts, an upper dome-shaped wall 11c having a diameter of 3. The lower end wall 11a, which receives a large thermal shock near the nozzle 7, is made of silicon nitride, and the lower peripheral wall 11b is made of partially stabilized zirconia.
Further, the upper dome-shaped wall 11c is formed of silicon nitride or partially stabilized zirconia, respectively.
These three parts are joined to form a predetermined shape. Alternatively, the ceramic member is divided into two parts in advance from the middle part of the peripheral wall into a lower part and an upper part, and the lower part is molded with silicon nitride.
The upper part may be made of partially stabilized zirconia.
上記セラミツク部材１１の外周面には金属等で
形成された円筒状のスリーブ１４が圧着されてお
り、このスリーブ１４はセラミツク部材１１に焼
き嵌めし、もしくは焼結により成形し、あるいは
セラミツク部材１１を鋳ぐるむように成形する等
により、予めセラミツク部材１１に圧縮応力を付
与している。そしてこのセラミツク部材１１およ
びスリーブ１４は、シリンダヘツド２に形成され
た凹孔１５に対し、スリーブ１４の下端縁部１４
ａとシリンダヘツド２とにそれぞれ設けられた図
示しない位置決め用の小孔とこれらに結合するピ
ンとで周方向の位置決めがされた状態で嵌め込ま
れ、上記下端縁部１４ａが凹孔１５の下端部内面
に嵌着することによつてシリンダヘツド２に固定
されている。 A cylindrical sleeve 14 made of metal or the like is crimped onto the outer peripheral surface of the ceramic member 11, and this sleeve 14 is shrink-fitted to the ceramic member 11, or formed by sintering, or Compressive stress is applied to the ceramic member 11 in advance by, for example, casting. The ceramic member 11 and the sleeve 14 are connected to the lower edge 14 of the sleeve 14 with respect to the recess 15 formed in the cylinder head 2.
A and the cylinder head 2 are fitted with small positioning holes (not shown) provided in the cylinder head 2, respectively, and pins connected thereto to position the cylinder in the circumferential direction. It is fixed to the cylinder head 2 by fitting into the cylinder head 2.
また上記セラミツク部材１１の外周には断熱空
気層１６が形成されている。この空気層１６は、
予めシリンダヘツド２に上記凹孔１５を加工する
際に、その内周面の所定範囲を上記スリーブ１４
の外径よりも大径に形成しておく等により、上記
スリーブ１４の外周面に沿つて、その全周を囲繞
するように環状に形成されている。とくにこの空
気層１６を構成する部分をセラミツク部材１１お
よびスリーブ１４に対してシリンダヘツド２側辺
側に偏心するように加工することにより、シリン
ダヘツド２側辺側（ウオータジヤケツトが形成さ
れていない側）の空気層１６の厚さt1がウオータ
ジヤケツト１０側の空気層１６の厚さt2より大き
くなるように空気層１６が形成されている。な
お、１７は副室６内のガスがセラミツク部材１１
の上部とシリンダヘツド２との隙間から上記空気
層１６に洩れることを防止するガスケツトであ
る。 Further, a heat insulating air layer 16 is formed around the outer periphery of the ceramic member 11. This air layer 16 is
When forming the recessed hole 15 in the cylinder head 2 in advance, a predetermined area of the inner peripheral surface of the recessed hole 15 is formed in the sleeve 14.
By forming the sleeve 14 to have a larger diameter than the outer diameter of the sleeve 14, the sleeve 14 is formed in an annular shape so as to surround the entire circumference of the sleeve 14. In particular, by processing the part constituting this air layer 16 so that it is eccentric toward the side of the cylinder head 2 with respect to the ceramic member 11 and the sleeve 14, The air layer 16 is formed such that the thickness t 1 of the air layer 16 on the water jacket 10 side is greater than the thickness t 2 of the air layer 16 on the water jacket 10 side. Note that 17 indicates that the gas in the auxiliary chamber 6 is connected to the ceramic member 11.
This gasket prevents leakage into the air layer 16 from the gap between the upper part of the cylinder head 2 and the cylinder head 2.
この副室構造においては、副室６内で着火、燃
焼が繰返されて副室６内の温度が上昇する場合
に、副室６の内壁がセラミツク部材１１で形成さ
れていることによつて保温性が高められ、さらに
セラミツク部材１１の外周に形成された断熱空気
層１６によつて保温性が一層向上される。従つて
副室６内の温度上昇が促進される。また上記空気
層１６によつてセラミツク部材１１の外周からの
放熱が抑制される結果、セラミツク部材１１の外
周部の温度が高められて内周部との温度差が小さ
くなる。 In this auxiliary chamber structure, when ignition and combustion are repeated in the auxiliary chamber 6 and the temperature inside the auxiliary chamber 6 rises, the inner wall of the auxiliary chamber 6 is formed of the ceramic member 11 to maintain heat. Furthermore, the heat retention property is further improved by the heat insulating air layer 16 formed around the outer periphery of the ceramic member 11. Therefore, the temperature rise in the subchamber 6 is promoted. Furthermore, as the air layer 16 suppresses heat radiation from the outer periphery of the ceramic member 11, the temperature of the outer periphery of the ceramic member 11 is increased and the temperature difference with the inner periphery is reduced.
とくに、ウオータジヤケツト１０内の冷却水温
度がある程度高くなつている状態では、ウオータ
ジヤケツト１０と副室６との間の部分と比べ、外
気に晒されているシリンダヘツド２側辺部の方が
温度が低くなつて放熱され易い傾向が本来的にあ
るが、このシリンダヘツド２側辺側では上記空気
層１６の厚さが大きくなつていることにより、こ
の部分の断熱作用が高められて放熱が抑制され
る。従つて、副室６に対する保温性が良くなると
ともに、セラミツク部材１１外周部の周方向の温
度勾配も小さくなり、セラミツク部材１１各部の
温度差によつて生じる引張り応力を小さくするこ
とができる。またセラミツク部材１１には前記ス
リーブ１４によつて予め圧縮応力が付与されてお
り、これによつても引張り応力が抑制される。 In particular, when the temperature of the cooling water in the water jacket 10 is high to a certain extent, the side part of the cylinder head 2 that is exposed to the outside air is more sensitive than the part between the water jacket 10 and the auxiliary chamber 6. There is a natural tendency for heat to be dissipated as the temperature becomes lower, but since the thickness of the air layer 16 is increased on the side of the cylinder head 2, the heat insulation effect of this area is enhanced and the heat dissipates. is suppressed. Therefore, heat retention for the auxiliary chamber 6 is improved, and the temperature gradient in the circumferential direction at the outer circumference of the ceramic member 11 is also reduced, making it possible to reduce the tensile stress caused by temperature differences between various parts of the ceramic member 11. Moreover, compressive stress is previously applied to the ceramic member 11 by the sleeve 14, and this also suppresses tensile stress.
（考案の効果）
以上のように本考案は、副室の内壁をセラミツ
ク部材で形成するとともにその外周に断熱空気層
を設け、とくにこの空気層の厚さを、ウオータジ
ヤケツト側と比べてウオータジヤケツトが形成さ
れていない側で大きくしているため、副室の保温
性が向上されるとともに、セラミツク部材の内周
と外周との温度差を小さくし、かつセラミツク部
材の外周各部の温度も均一化することができ、ク
ラツクの発生を有効に防止することができるもの
である。(Effects of the invention) As described above, the present invention forms the inner wall of the auxiliary chamber with a ceramic material, provides a heat insulating air layer around its outer periphery, and particularly increases the thickness of this air layer compared to the water jacket side. Since it is larger on the side where the jacket is not formed, the heat retention of the subchamber is improved, and the temperature difference between the inner and outer peripheries of the ceramic member is reduced, and the temperature of each part of the outer periphery of the ceramic member is also reduced. It can be made uniform and the occurrence of cracks can be effectively prevented.
第１図は本考案の実施例を示す断面図、第２図
は第１図の−線に沿つた断面図である。
１……シリンダブロツク、２……シリンダヘツ
ド、５……主燃焼室、６……副室、１０……ウオ
ータジヤケツト、１１……セラミツク部材、１６
……断熱空気層。
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line - in FIG. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Cylinder block, 2... Cylinder head, 5... Main combustion chamber, 6... Sub-chamber, 10... Water jacket, 11... Ceramic member, 16
...Insulating air space.
Claims (1)
タジヤケツトが形成されたエンジンにおいて、副
室内壁をセラミツク部材で形成するとともに、セ
ラミツク部材の外周に断熱空気層を形成し、該空
気層の厚さを、ウオータジヤケツト側に比べウオ
ータジヤケツトが形成されていない側で大きく形
成したことを特徴とするエンジンの副室構造。 In an engine in which a water jacket is formed only on one side of an auxiliary chamber that communicates with the main combustion chamber, the wall of the auxiliary chamber is formed of a ceramic member, and an insulating air layer is formed around the outer periphery of the ceramic member. A pre-chamber structure for an engine, characterized in that the thickness is greater on the side where the water jacket is not formed than on the side where the water jacket is formed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP19742883U JPS60107327U (en) | 1983-12-21 | 1983-12-21 | Engine pre-chamber structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP19742883U JPS60107327U (en) | 1983-12-21 | 1983-12-21 | Engine pre-chamber structure |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS60107327U JPS60107327U (en) | 1985-07-22 |
| JPH0134663Y2 true JPH0134663Y2 (en) | 1989-10-23 |
Family
ID=30755720
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP19742883U Granted JPS60107327U (en) | 1983-12-21 | 1983-12-21 | Engine pre-chamber structure |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS60107327U (en) |
-
1983
- 1983-12-21 JP JP19742883U patent/JPS60107327U/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS60107327U (en) | 1985-07-22 |
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