JPH01219202A - Permeable ceramic block - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain such a block as having a sufficient rigidity without thickening as before and providing with high water-permeability by forming a permeable ceramic block of an upper porous substance with open cells and a lower dense substance with almost no air holes. CONSTITUTION:A permeable ceramic block 10 is constituted of an integral sintered substance of the upper porous substance 1 with open cells and the lower dense substance 2 with almost no air holes. Good mechanical strength is maintained by the lower dense substance 2, and a good appearance of surface condition and water-permeability are held by the upper porous substance 1.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] <Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to a water-permeable ceramic block that is used for paving materials and wall materials, maintains water permeability, and exhibits excellent physical strength. .

<Prior art> A ceramic block obtained by conventional firing was previously proposed in Japanese Patent Application No. 62-26847.
There are some cases in which the pore diameter of the continuous pores is made different on the front and back sides in order to provide water permeability, but these are cases in which all the pores are made of porous material, or in which the entire layer is dense and water passages are provided. It was something like that.

<Problems to be Solved by the Invention> A material whose entire layer is porous and has continuous pores has a small area corresponding to stress, so it has the disadvantage of being inferior in physical strength compared to a dense material. Therefore, in order to increase the strength, there were some cases where the thickness had to be increased beyond a certain level. On the other hand, dense materials have no water permeability, or can hardly be expected to have water permeability, so attempts have been made to install water passages in them, but in order to have sufficient water permeability, The conventional method required a passageway with a large pore diameter, and was unsuitable for use in paving materials, etc.

Therefore, improvement of the load bearing capacity of a ceramic block with water permeability and reduction in thickness became an aM.

Means for Solving the Problems〉 As a result of various studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that an upper layer porous body (1) having continuous pores and a lower layer dense body (2) that is nearly poreless are integrated. They developed a water-permeable ceramic block made of sintered material.

"Nearly porous" here refers to a state where there are no pores, but this does not mean that water permeability is excluded; in the present invention, a dense state with high physical strength is used. means.

This water-permeable ceramic block has an upper layer porous body (1) with uneven layer thickness, and a lower layer dense body (2) with water passage holes (3).
) is more preferable for diversifying design specifications, as it further enhances water permeability. This deviation means that the thickness of the upper layer porous body (1) gradually changes from one edge to the other, or that the thickness of the upper layer porous body (1) gradually changes from the center to both edges. It means that the layer thickness changes.

In the water-permeable ceramic block of the present invention, the upper layer porous body (1) having continuous pores exhibits water permeability to improve drainage from pavements, etc., and the lower layer dense body (2) having nearly no pores exhibits water permeability. )
This increases the overall strength of the water-permeable ceramic block. Therefore, the upper layer porous body (1
), the thickness of the layer is uneven, the water permeability becomes directional and water can be collected.

The water-permeable ceramic block of the present invention will be explained in detail below with reference to Examples.

<Example 1> FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a water-permeable ceramic block of the present invention. As seen in this figure, the water permeable ceramic block of the present invention has an upper layer porous body (1) having continuous pores.
It is characterized by being composed of an integral sintered body of a lower layer dense body (2) which is almost porous, and in this example, an upper layer porous body (1).
) is provided with a constant thickness on the upper part of the lower dense body (2).

This water-permeable ceramic block was created as follows.

The inorganic aggregate waxite particles with a long diameter of 3 to 4 m are coated with a glaze using an aqueous dispersion containing feldspar, silica, clay, and lime, and dried at 105°C so that 20% by weight of the glaze adheres. It was processed into a molding material for the upper layer of the two-layer structure.

Separately, fine waxite powder (20 to 300
A molding material for the lower layer of the two-layer structure was obtained by using 70 parts (by weight, same hereinafter) of 70 parts (parts by weight, same hereinafter) of Honbushi clay with a high alumina content, adjusting the moisture content to 5%, and cross-fertilizing.

Next, using a molding die and pressure press adapted to the compression ratio of the molding material, first 70 parts of the molding material for the lower layer and then 30 parts of the molding material for the upper layer were placed in the mold, and the mixture was left at room temperature. It was compacted under a molding pressure of 150 kg/-, and then fired at 1300°C to obtain a two-layer water-permeable ceramic block measuring 230 m x 12 x 65 mm.

The upper layer of the water-permeable ceramic block thus obtained, shown in Figure 1, has a thickness of 20 m, an apparent specific gravity of 1.6,
The lower layer had an apparent specific gravity of 45 cm and 2.2. The water permeability of this fired body was measured using the measurement method shown later, and was found to be 35
5c11/hr-cd, and the compressive strength is 650kg/
- It has sufficient water permeability and physical strength as a pavement material for sidewalks and roadways.

<Example 2> Figures 2 and 5 show the second example, in which the lower layer dense body (1) is made thicker from the center to both edges. (2) is biased toward the roof type.

This was molded as follows. Using the molding materials for the upper and lower layers prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1, 70 parts of the molding material for the lower layer was placed inside the mold as a preliminary step, and then the molding material for the lower layer was poured from the upper part using a pressing die with a roof-shaped lower molding surface. I did some temporary tightening. This lower layer of molding material has a roof-shaped ridgeline, so that the compression ratio of the molding material during molding is equal for both the upper and lower layers.

Next, 30 parts of a molding material for the upper layer was added, molded under the same conditions as in Example 1, and fired.

The resulting water-permeable ceramic block had the same size as in Example 1, and the upper porous body (1) had a side wall thickness of 15+m and a central ridgeline thickness of 5m. The water permeability of this block was measured as 390c.
j/hr-cd, and the compressive strength was 625 kg/d.

Not limited to this example, various forms of biasing can be considered. For example, contrary to this example, the upper layer porous body (1) may be thicker in the center and thinner on both sides, or the layer thickness of the upper layer porous body (1) may be at the right edge as shown in Figure 3. It gradually becomes thicker as it goes from the top to the left edge. By biasing the layer thickness of the upper porous body (1) in this way, it is possible to bias the water permeation direction.

<Example 3> An upper layer porous body (1) having continuous pores and a lower layer almost poreless,
The water-permeable ceramic block of the present invention, which is composed of an integral sintered body of a Va dense body (2), has a lower layer dense body (2) in which water permeability cannot be expected.
) is provided with water passage holes (3) as shown in Fig. 4, drainage is uniformly carried out throughout the water permeable ceramic block, resulting in high strength and excellent water permeability.

Such a water-permeable ceramic block was created by the following method.

Using the upper and lower layer molding materials prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1, the lower layer molding material 70 was placed into a mold for a structure in which a protruding rod long enough to reach the upper layer was installed on the bottom as a preliminary step.
Example 1
After molding under the same conditions as above, firing was performed.

The size of the obtained water-permeable ceramic block is the same as in the previous examples, but the lower layer dense body (2) has a diameter of 8
One with 12 water passage holes (3) was obtained. The water permeability of this water permeable ceramic block is 315cj/hr-
d. The compressive strength was 610 kg/aJ.

The water permeability in the Examples described above was measured by the following method.

As shown in FIG. 6, the water-permeable ceramic block (10) of the present invention is horizontally supported on a water container (11).
Water is continuously rained from a distance of 8C1l from the surface of the water-permeable ceramic block (10), and the amount is adjusted so that the diameter of the water pool on the surface of the water-permeable ceramic block (10) is 8cm. In this state, water was continuously discharged for 1 minute, and the amount of water (permeated water amount) that came out of the system of the block was measured, and the water permeability was expressed using the following calculation formula.

Water permeability: Permeated water amount (cIr) x 60/1 hour x Reservoir area (Ot) The water permeable ceramic block of the present invention can also be used for wall blocks etc. in addition to being used for pavements etc. Until now, its function has been explained in terms of water permeability, but when used for wall blocks etc., its good air permeability can also be taken advantage of.

<Effects of the Invention> The water-permeable ceramic block of the present invention as described above maintains good mechanical strength due to the dense lower layer, and has good surface appearance and water permeability due to the upper porous layer (1). Retained. Therefore, it can be used as a highly rigid paving material or wall material that maintains water permeability, or as an air permeable or water permeable paving material or wall material that is used under high loads.
l Demonstrates excellent functionality as a covering material or wall material.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 to 4 are sectional views of essential parts of the water-permeable ceramic block of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a perspective view of what is shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the water permeability test. (1) Upper layer porous body (2) Lower layer dense body (3) Water passage hole (1o) Water permeable ceramic block or higher

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A water-permeable ceramic block comprising an integrally sintered body of an upper layer porous body (1) having continuous pores and a lower layer dense body (2) that is nearly porous. 2. The water permeable ceramic block according to claim 1, wherein the layer thickness of the upper layer porous body (1) is uneven. 3 Lower dense body (2)
The water-permeable ceramic block according to claim 1, wherein the water-permeable ceramic block has water passage holes (3).