JPH01214890A - Cleaner blade - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent the occurrence of turning-up of a sheet-shaped cleaner blade by giving a specific ruggedness to a face including the edge part, which is pressed to a photosensitive body, of the cleaner blade using a rubbery elastic body in an electrophotographic copying device. CONSTITUTION:The cleaner blade is a long rectangular parallelepiped, where a side ab is longer than a side da, and is formed with a rubbery elastic body 1 consisting of a polyethylene, a polycarbonate, or the like. The part of the long side ab is pressed to the photosensitive body as the edge to use the blade. A ruggedness whose roughness (l) is >1mum and is <0.5 times as large as the average particle size of toner is given to the face including at least the edge part ab pressed to the photosensitive body of the surface of the blade by buffering or the like. Thus, the blade is brought into contact with the photosensitive body at a point and the blade is difficult to turn up or deform.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Industrial applications The present invention relates to a cleaner plate.

Prior Art and Problems In electrophotography, it is required that a developer developed on a latent image on a photoreceptor be faithfully transferred onto plain paper at a transfer section. However, since 100% ideal transfer is almost impossible, a cleaning step is required to wipe off the toner remaining on the photoreceptor.

Traditionally, cleaning methods include brush cleaning,
Although various methods such as blade cleaning and wave cleaning are known, the blade cleaning method has become mainstream due to the miniaturization of copying machines and ease of maintenance.

The blade cleaning method is a method in which the edge portion of a sheet piece of a rubber-like elastic polymer is brought into pressure contact with the surface of the photoreceptor, and residual toner on the photoreceptor is scraped off using the edge portion of the sheet piece.

When the edge of the cleaner plate is used in pressure contact with the photoreceptor, as the photoreceptor moves, force is applied to the edge due to the frictional force with the photoreceptor, and the edge gradually becomes weaker due to the movement of the photoreceptor. It is dragged in the direction and deformed (the so-called "curling" phenomenon occurs).

Pressure force is applied to this dragged and rolled up edge,
The edge portion of the cleaner plate comes into surface contact with the photoreceptor.

As described above, the deformation, curling, and surface contact of the edge portion of the leaner blade adversely affect the cleaning performance of toner and further shorten the life of the cleaner plate.

Today, in order to improve the definition and quality of images, toner particles are becoming smaller and more spherical, making them easier to clean.

The problem becomes a bigger problem.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a leaner blade that can be used for a long period of time without causing toner cleaning defects due to curling of the edges of the cleaner plate.

Means for Solving the Problems That is, the present invention provides a sheet-like cleaner plate using a rubber-like elastic material, in which toner particles are deposited on the surface including at least the edge portion that comes into pressure contact with the photoreceptor, with a roughness (12) of lpm or more. The present invention relates to a cleaner plate characterized by having irregularities within a range of 0.5 times or less the average particle diameter.

A known cleaner plate can be used, and its numerical shape is sheet-like. In order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, which will be described in detail below, the sheet-like structure of the cleaner plate is represented in FIG. 1 as a representative rectangular parallelepiped. Note that FIG. 1 shows the structure before the unevenness according to the present invention is provided. The cleaner plate shown in Figure 1 is at the apex a.
bcda'b'cl a l and side ab is side da
It is composed of a longer rectangular parallelepiped rubber-like elastic body (1), and the long side ab or 60 portion of the rubber-like elastic body (1) is used as an edge in pressure contact with the photoreceptor. In the present invention, for the sake of simplicity, only the case where side ab is pressed and used as an edge will be explained.

Even when the side dc is used as an edge, the present invention can be easily applied by analogy according to the following explanation.

In the present invention, unevenness is provided on the surface of the cleaner plate, including at least the edge portion that comes into pressure contact with the photoreceptor.

In the present invention, the direction or regularity of the unevenness is not particularly important, but the roughness (l) representing the depth of the unevenness and the pitch (p) representing the interval between the protrusions are important, and the roughness is particularly important. .

Roughness (α) is in the range of 1 or more and less than half the average particle diameter of the toner, preferably 1/4 to 275 times the average particle diameter of the toner. In this way, defining the upper limit of roughness (1) by the average particle diameter of the toner means that the present invention can be applied to all types of toner, and it is necessary to adjust the roughness a) according to the type of toner. It means something.

In other words, if the roughness a> is larger than half the average particle diameter of the toner, the toner will pass through the recesses of the cleaner plate,
Cleaning failure occurs. If the roughness is less than 1 μm, the entire edge portion will be pressed against the photoreceptor due to the elasticity of the cleaner plate when the cleaner plate is pressed against the photoreceptor.

The pitch (p) is 0.5 μm to 3 times the roughness (l, preferably lILm to twice the roughness a).

If the pitch is smaller than 0.5 μm, the deformation of the cleaner plate during pressure contact becomes large and cleaning defects are likely to occur.If the pitch is larger than 3 times the roughness (α), the elasticity of the cleaner plate will cause the cleaner plate to deform during pressure contact with the photoreceptor. , the entire edge portion is pressed against the photoreceptor.

According to the present invention, by providing unevenness to one or more surfaces of the cleaner plate, including the edge portion that comes into contact with the photoreceptor under one pressure, the cleaner plate is caused to turn over or deform when the cleaner plate contacts the photoreceptor at a point. As a result, the cleaning performance and life of the cleaner plate are improved.

The rubber-like elastic body used in the present invention is an elastic material having a certain degree of elasticity, or a known material capable of imparting elasticity, such as polyethylene, polycarbonate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polychlorofluoroethylene, polypropylene, Common plastics such as polyvinylidene and polyhexafluoropropylene, and rubbery substances such as natural rubber, polyurethane, neorene, polystyrene butadiene, and silicone rubber can be used.

In the present invention, as described above, irregularities are further provided on one or more surfaces of the rubber-like elastic body.

The four methods described below are exemplified as methods of providing the unevenness, but the present invention is not particularly limited to these methods.

■ It is composed of fine inorganic particles, metal salt particles, and resin components; directly polishes the above-mentioned elastic cleaner plate member itself with materials such as brush, puff polishing, and web polishing;
As for these polishing methods, already known methods can be used.

■ A protective layer such as a resin is provided on the cleaner plate member, and the same operation as in (■) is performed on its surface; as the resin that can be used to form this protective layer, it is preferable to use a resin that is harder than the cleaner plate member, such as polystyrene, Examples include polyester. The protective layer may be formed to a desired thickness by applying and drying a coating solution prepared by dissolving the above-mentioned resin in a suitable solvent onto the cleaner plate so as not to create unevenness.

The film thickness after drying is 1.5 to 30 μm, preferably 2 to 20 μm. If it is thinner than 1.5 μm, it is difficult to provide stable unevenness;
If it is thicker, the cleaner plate and protective layer will easily peel off.

■ When forming an organic protective film on the cleaner plate member by a coating method, unevenness is created by controlling the drying rate of the solvent: This method uses the method described in (■) above to control the rate of evaporation of the solvent and reduce the amount of protection that is formed. Since the layer is directly textured, there is no need for a subsequent polishing operation.

The method for controlling the drying rate of a protective film is that when drying a protective film to be coated, if the evaporation rate of the solvent in the protective layer is high, very large irregularities will be formed on the surface, whereas if the evaporation rate is low, the surface will not be smooth. In addition, the formation of unevenness is a phenomenon that changes depending on the evaporation rate of the solvent, the type of resin composing the protective film, the type of solvent, the degree of immersion in the solvent, the viscosity of the solvent, the thickness of the protective film, and the type of support. It is used for.

In this method, fine and uniform irregularities are formed on the protective film all at once in the process of drying the protective film. Therefore, if the composition and properties of the protective film forming solution are appropriately selected to match the desired surface roughness, and the drying rate is adjusted to control the evaporation rate of the solvent, a protective film with the desired unevenness can be formed uniformly. can be formed into In general, the higher the degree of solvent immersion and the thicker the protective film, the rougher the surface of the protective film becomes. Therefore, in order to form the desired unevenness, it is desirable to lower the drying speed. When the plasma polymerized film is provided, the polymerized film is also provided with irregularities; in the present invention, the method listed in (1) is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of durability.

Plasma polymerized membrane (hereinafter referred to as "a-C membrane" in the present invention)
) is formed by a glow discharge method, and a hydrocarbon gas and a doping compound gas are used as raw material gases, and a commonly used inert gas such as hydrogen gas, nitrogen gas, or argon is used as a carrier gas.

The phase state of the hydrocarbon gas does not necessarily have to be a gas phase at room temperature and normal pressure; it can be either a liquid phase or a solid phase as long as it can be vaporized through melting, evaporation, sublimation, etc. by heating or reduced pressure. It is possible. Examples of the hydrocarbons used include saturated hydrocarbons, unsaturated hydrocarbons, alicyclic hydrocarbons, and aromatic hydrocarbons.

There are many types of hydrocarbons that can be used, but examples of saturated hydrocarbons include methane, ethane, propane, butane,
Pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, isobutane, isopentane, neopentane, isohexane, neohexane, dimethylbutane, methylhexane, ethylpentane, dimethylpentane, tributane, methylhebutane, dimethylhexane, trimethylpentane, isonanone, etc. are used. Examples of unsaturated hydrocarbons include ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, butene, pentene, methylbutene, hexene, tetramethylethylene, heptene, octene, allene, methylalene, butadiene, pentadiene, hexadiene, cyclopentadiene,
Ocimene, allocimene, myrcene, hexatriene, acetylene, diacetylene, methylacetylene, butyne,
Pentyne, hexyne, heptyne, octyne, etc. are used. Examples of alicyclic hydrocarbons include cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, cyclopropene, cyclobutene, cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cycloheptene, cyclooctene, limonene, terbirun, phenanthrene, sylvestrene, and tsene. , Karen, Pinene, Bornylene, Kanghuene, Fuenchen, Cyclo7ene, Tricyclene, Bisabolene, Zingipelene,
Curcumene, humulene, kajinensesesquivenichen, selinene, caryophyllene, santarene, cedrene, campholene, phylloclatene, podocarprene, mylene, etc. are used. Examples of aromatic hydrocarbons include benzene, toluene, xylene, hemimelithene, pseudocumene, mesitylene, prenitene, indulene, durene,
Pentamethylbenzene, hexamethylbenzene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, cumene, styrene, biphenyl, terphenyl, diphenylmethane, triphenylmethane, dibenzyl, stilbene, indene, naphthalene, tetralin, anthracene, phenanthrene, etc. are used.

The amount of hydrogen atoms contained in the a-C film in the present invention is approximately 27 to 60 atomic percent based on the total amount of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms.

The amount of hydrogen atoms contained in the a-C film in the present invention is
The amount of hydrogen changes depending on the form of the coating device and the conditions during film formation, and examples of cases in which the amount of hydrogen decreases include raising the substrate temperature, lowering the pressure, lowering the dilution rate of the raw material hydrocarbon gas, and reducing the hydrogen content. Cases include using a raw material gas with a low value, increasing the applied power, lowering the frequency of the alternating electric field, and increasing the intensity of the DC electric field superimposed on the alternating electric field.

To increase the degree of unevenness of the a-C film, effective measures include lowering the power frequency, increasing the discharge power, lowering the pressure during discharge, increasing the film thickness, and increasing the substrate temperature. Among them, the substrate temperature is preferably 90 to 30° C. lower than the thermal deformation temperature of the cleaner plate material (for example, measurable according to ASTM D648 standard).

The thickness of the a-C film as a coating film for the blade cleaner in the present invention is preferably approximately 0.2 to 50 μm. When the film thickness is thinner than 0.2 μm, the a-C film becomes susceptible to the influence of the base, and suitable durability cannot be ensured. In addition, if the film thickness is thicker than 50 μm,
It is not always possible to ensure suitable leaning properties, and on the contrary, cracks or peeling are likely to occur due to distortion of the cleaner plate and frictional stress with the photoreceptor. In addition, due to friction with the photoreceptor, the charge builds up, which has an adverse effect on the photoreceptor. Furthermore, a problem arises in that the manufacturing time becomes longer.

In the a-C film of the present invention, atoms other than the above-mentioned hydrocarbons can be added to change the hydrophilicity, lipophilicity, or wettability of the a-C film. , cleaner plates can be prepared according to the type of toner.

Such atoms include halogen atoms.

For example, in the present invention, in addition to hydrocarbon gas, a halogen compound gas is used to add halogen atoms into the a-C film. Here, the halogen atom refers to a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom. Addition of such halogen atoms is effective in improving wettability and mold releasability.

The phase state of the halogen compound gas does not necessarily have to be a gas phase at room temperature and normal pressure, as long as it can be vaporized through melting, evaporation, sublimation, etc. by heating or reduced pressure, etc.
It can be used in either liquid phase or solid phase.

Examples of halogen compounds include fluorine, chlorine, bromine,
Inorganic compounds such as iodine, hydrogen fluoride, chlorine fluoride, bromine fluoride, iodine fluoride, hydrogen chloride, bromine chloride, iodine chloride, hydrogen bromide, iodine bromide, hydrogen iodide, alkyl halides, etc. Organic compounds such as metals, halogenated aryls, halogenated silicate esters, halogenated styrenes, halogenated polymethylenes, halogen-substituted organosilanes, and haloforms are used.

Examples of the alkyl halide include methyl fluoride,
Methyl chloride, methyl bromide, methyl iodide, ethyl fluoride, ethyl chloride, ethyl bromide, ethyl iodide, propyl fluoride, propyl chloride, propyl bromide, propyl iodide,
Butyl 7tsunide, butyl chloride, butyl bromide, butyl iodide, amyl fluoride, amyl chloride, amyl bromide, amyl iodide, hexyl fluoride, hexyl chloride, hexyl bromide, hexyl iodide, heptyl 7tsunide , heptyl chloride, heptyl bromide, heptyl iodide, etc. are used.

Examples of the alkyl metal halides include dimethylaluminum chloride, dimethylaluminum bromide, diethylaluminum chloride, diethylaluminum iodide, methylaluminum dichloride, methylaluminum tribromide, ethylaluminum diodide, trimethyltin chloride, and trimethyl bromide. Tin, trimethyltin iodide, triethyltin chloride, triethyltin bromide, dimethyltin dichloride, dimethyltin tribromide, dimethyltin diodide, dimethyltin dichloride, diethyltin tribromide, diethyltin diodide, methyltin trichloride, methyltin tribromide , methyltin trichloride, ethyltin dibromide, etc. are used.

Examples of the halogenated aryl include fluorobenzene, chlorobenzene, brombenzene, iodobenzene, chlorotoluene, bromotoluene, chlornaphthalene, and bromnaphthalene.

Examples of the halogenated silicic acid ester include monomethoxytrichlorosilane, dimethoxydichlorosilane, trimethoxymonochlorosilane, monoethoxytrichlorosilane, jetoxydichlorosilane, triethoxymonochlorosilane, heptanoaryloxytrichlorosilane, and diaryloxy Dichlorosilane, triaryloxymonochlorosilane, etc. are used.

As the halogenated styrene, for example, chlorstyrene, bromustyrene, iodostyrene, fluorostyrene, etc. are used.

Examples of halogenated polymethylene include methylene chloride, methylene bromide, methylene iodide, ethylene chloride, ethylene bromide, ethylene iodide, trimethylene chloride, trimethylene bromide, trimethylene iodide, butane dichloride, butane dibromide, Butane dichloride, pentane dichloride, pentane dibromide, pentane diiodide, hexane dichloride, hexane dibromide, hexane dichloride, hebutane dichloride, hebutane dibromide, hebutane diiodide, octane dichloride, Octane dibromide, octane diiodide, nonane dichloride, nonane dibromide, etc. are used. Examples of the halogen-substituted organosilane include chloromethyltrimethylsilane, bischloromethyldimethylsilane, trischloromethylmethylsilane, chloroethyltriethylsilane,
Dichloroethyltriethylsilane, bromomethyltrimethylsilane, iodomethyltrimethylsilane, bisiodomethyldimethylsilane, chlorphenyltrimethylsilane, bromphenyltrimethylsilane, chlorphenyltriethylsilane, bromphenyltriethylsilane, iodophenyltriethylsilane, etc. are used. .

As haloform, for example, fluoroform, chloroform, bromoform, iodoform, etc. are used.

In the present invention, the amount of halogen atoms contained as a chemical modifier can be controlled mainly by increasing or decreasing the amount of the halogen compound gas introduced into the reaction chamber in which the plasma reaction is performed.

By increasing the amount of halogen compound gas introduced, it is possible to increase the amount of halogen atoms added to the a-C film according to the present invention, and conversely, by decreasing the amount of halogen compound introduced, it is possible to increase the amount of halogen atoms added to the a-C film according to the present invention. According to the invention, it is possible to reduce the amount of halogen atoms added to the a-C film.

In the present invention, the halogen atom content is 0, 1i
The maximum content is not particularly limited, but is necessarily determined from the structure of the a-C layer and the production aspect of glow discharge.

Furthermore, for example, in the present invention, in addition to the hydrocarbon gas, a metal compound gas is used to add at least metal atoms into the a-C film.

Here, the metal atoms are Bes Mgs Ca%'ri,
v.

Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, CuS Zn, Sr
, Y, Zr.

MOITc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag5Cds Sn, and particularly preferred are Cas T1% Fes
Cus ZnsAgs Sn etc. Addition of such metal atoms can prevent charging, that is, it can prevent the blade from being charged up due to frictional electrification with the photoreceptor and adversely affecting the photoreceptor when leakage occurs. The addition of metal atoms is effective in adjusting the electrical resistance value and solving the above problems.

The phase state of the metal compound gas does not necessarily have to be a gas phase at room temperature and normal pressure, and since there are few compounds in a gas phase, it can be vaporized through melting, evaporation, sublimation, etc. by heating or reduced pressure. It can be used in either liquid phase or solid phase.

As the metal compound, for example, metal alcoholade, metal acrylic acid, metal methacrylic acid, metal phthalocyanine (organometallic gas), etc. are used.

In the present invention, the amount of metal atoms contained as a chemical modifier can be controlled mainly by increasing or decreasing the amount of the metal compound gas introduced into the reaction chamber in which the plasma reaction is performed. By increasing the amount of metal compound gas introduced, it is possible to increase the amount of metal atoms added to the a-C film according to the present invention, and conversely, by decreasing the amount of metal compound introduced, it is possible to increase the amount of metal atoms added to the a-C film according to the present invention. It is possible to reduce the amount of metal atoms added to the a-C film according to the invention.

In the present invention, the metal atom content is 0.1 at%
The maximum content is not particularly limited, but is necessarily determined by the structure of the surface protective layer and the production aspect of glow discharge.

FIG. 2 shows a blade cleaner according to the present invention, namely a-
A manufacturing apparatus for forming C film is shown, and (701) in the figure
- (706) are first to sixth tanks in which raw materials and carrier gas which are in a gas phase at room temperature are sealed, and each tank is connected to first to sixth control valves (707) to (712) and first to sixth control valves (707) to (712). 6 flow rate controllers (713) to (718). In the figure, (719) to (721) are the first to third tubes that encapsulate raw materials that are in a liquid or solid phase at room temperature.
Each container can be heated by first to third temperature regulators (722) to (724) for vaporization, and each container can be heated by seventh to ninth control valves (725) to (724). 727
) and seventh to ninth flow rate controllers (728) to (730). After these gases are mixed in a mixer (731), they are passed through a main pipe (732) to a reaction chamber (733).
sent to. The pipes along the way are equipped with pipe heaters (73
4), heat can be applied. A ground electrode (735) and a power application electrode (736) are arranged facing each other in the reaction chamber, and each electrode can be heated by an electrode heater (737). A high frequency power supply (739) is connected to the power application electrode (736) via a high frequency power matching box (738).
), a low frequency power source (741) is connected via a low frequency power matching box (740), a DC power source (743) is connected via a low pass filter (742), and a connection selection switch (
744), it is possible to apply power with different frequencies. The pressure inside the reaction chamber (733) is controlled by a pressure control valve (745).
), and the reduced pressure in the reaction chamber (733) is controlled by the diffusion pump (74) via the exhaust system selection valve (746).
7), oil rotary pump (748), or cooling exclusion device (
749), a mechanical booster pump (750), and an oil rotary pump (748). The exhaust gas is further rendered safe and harmless by an appropriate exclusion device (753) before being exhausted into the atmosphere. These exhaust system pipings can also be heated by appropriately placed piping heaters (734) to prevent the vaporized gas from the raw material compound, which is in a liquid or solid phase at room temperature, from condensing on the way. has been done. For the same reason, the reaction chamber (733) can also be heated by a reaction chamber heater (751), and a heat conduction support pipe (752) on which an elastic layer is previously formed is placed on the electrode arranged inside. Placed.

The reaction chamber is preliminarily heated from to-' to lO-' by a diffusion pump.
The pressure is reduced to approximately Torr, the degree of vacuum is confirmed, and the gas adsorbed inside the device is desorbed. At the same time, the electrode and the cleaner plate base material fixedly disposed on the electrode are heated to a predetermined temperature by the electrode heater as necessary. The substrate temperature is set to a desired substrate temperature by a heater (737). Next, the first to sixth tanks and the first to third tanks
A raw material gas consisting of hydrocarbons and doping compounds is introduced from the container into the reaction chamber at a constant flow rate using the first to ninth flow rate controllers, and the inside of the reaction chamber is maintained at a constant reduced pressure using the pressure control valve. After the gas flow rate is stabilized, a connection selection switch is used to select, for example, a high frequency power source, and high frequency power is applied to the power application electrode. A discharge is started between the two electrodes, and a solid phase film is formed on the substrate over time. The film thickness is controlled by the reaction time, and when a predetermined film thickness is reached, the discharge is stopped to obtain the cleaner plate of the present invention having a desired surface coated with the a-C film.

The present invention will be described below with reference to Examples.

Toner production example 1 [(+) chargeable toner (toner A)]
] Parts by weight/Styrene
n-Butyl 100 methacrylate resin (softening point, 132°C; glass transition point, 60°C), carbon black 5 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation,
MA#8) - Nigrosine dye 3 (manufactured by Orient Chemical Co., Ltd., Pontron N-01) The above materials were thoroughly mixed in a ball mill, and then kneaded on three rolls heated to 140°C. After the kneaded material was left to cool, it was coarsely ground using a feather mill and further finely ground using a jet mill. Next, air classification was repeated to obtain a fine powder with an average particle size of 13 μm (toner A). As a result of measuring this coefficient of variation, 18
%Met.

Toner production example 2 [(-) chargeable toner (toner B)]
Toner B was manufactured using the same method as in Toner Manufacturing Example 1 with the following composition.

Ingredients Parts by weight/Polyester resin 100 (softening point, 130°C
; glass transition point, 60°C% AV25.0HV38) Carbon black 5 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei Corporation, MA#8) Average particle size 11 μm 1 Coefficient of variation = 16% Toner production example 3 [Suspension polymerization type (Toner C) ]・Styrene 60 parts by weight・n-butyl methacrylate 35 parts by weight・Methacrylic acid
5 parts by weight 2.2-azobis-(2,
0.5 parts by weight of 4-dimethylvaleronitrile) and low molecular weight oxidation were added to polypropylene "Viscol TS-200J (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 3
Part by weight: Carbon black MA #8 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 8
Parts by weight: Nigrosine base EX (manufactured by Orient Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 3
Parts by weight The above materials were thoroughly mixed using a sand stirrer to prepare a polymerizable composition. This polymerizable composition was added to an aqueous gum arabic solution with a concentration of 3% by weight using a stirrer rT- homogenizer (manufactured by Tokushu Kogyo Co., Ltd.) at a rotational speed of 30.0 Orp.
The polymerization reaction was carried out at a temperature of 60'C for 6 hours while stirring at m, and the temperature was further raised to 80C to carry out a polymerization reaction. After the polymerization reaction was completed, the reaction system was cooled and washed with water 5 to 6 times, filtered and dried to obtain spherical particles. (Toner C) The average particle size of the obtained spherical particles was 1000 μm1, the coefficient of variation was 17%, and the softening point (Tm) was 14100. The glass transition point (Ts) was 61'O.

Toner production example 4 [Powder coat type (toner D) Monodisperse spherical styrene polymer obtained by one-sheet polymerization method (average particle size 7 μm, coefficient of variation of one particle size within 10%. Softening point 128° C. (glass transition point: 54° C.) is used as the polymer particle (A).

100 parts by weight of the above polymer particles (A) and 5 parts by weight of carbon black (MA #8 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Industries, Ltd.) were placed in a Henschel mixer and mixed and stirred at 500 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain polymer particles whose surfaces were coated with carbon black (
B) was obtained.

Next, 100 parts by weight of this polymer particle (B) and 2000 parts by weight of water in which 5 parts by weight of sodium polyacrylate were dissolved were mixed and stirred, and the intermediate particles were dispersed in water. n-butyl methacrylate/2
．． 2.2-Trifluoroethyl acrylate-75/1
100 parts by weight of 7-mer with a composition ratio of 5/10 and 2 parts by weight of potassium persulfate as a polymerization initiator were added, and the temperature of the system was raised to 8.
The temperature was raised to 0° C. and polymerization was carried out for 6 hours to obtain toner particles having a resin coat layer on the polymer particles (B).

The average particle size of the toner particles was 10 μm, and the coefficient of variation per particle size was 11%.

Toner production example 5 [Powder coat type (toner E)] In toner production example 4, by changing the average particle size of the polymer particles (A) to 5 μm, the average particle size was 7 μm and the coefficient of variation of 1 particle size was 12%. Toner E was obtained.

Toner Production Example 6 (Toner F) In Toner Production Example 1, Toner F with a coefficient of variation of 24% was obtained by reducing the number of times of air classification.

(Blade manufacturing example 1) Polyurethane cleaning blade (manufactured by Tokai Rubber Co., Ltd.)
On the other hand, puff polishing was performed to create irregularities on the surface (this blade is referred to as blade I). The maximum roughness of the surface of the blade thus obtained was measured using a surface roughness/contour measuring device surfcom553A manufactured by Tokyo Seimitsu Co., Ltd.
It was 33-0p.

(Blade manufacturing example 2) Polyurethane cleaning blade (manufactured by Tokai Rubber Co., Ltd.)
On the other hand, a styrene oligomer protective layer was provided and puff polishing was performed using the method described below to create irregularities on the surface (this blade will be referred to as blade (2)).

The maximum surface roughness of the blade thus obtained (Manufacturing Example 1)
When measured in the same manner as above, it was found to be 3.3 μm.

[How to set up the styrene oligomer layer] White powder oligostyrene [CI (styrene) n
ccls] in a solvent, spray coated on the material to be coated (approx. 10μ+11), and then dried at 100°c't' for 1 hour.

(Blade manufacturing example 3) Polyurethane cleaning blade (manufactured by Tokai Rubber Co., Ltd.)
On the other hand, an organic protective layer was applied using the following method, and unevenness was created (
This blade will be referred to as blade ■).

The maximum surface roughness of the blade thus obtained (Manufacturing Example 1)
When measured in the same manner as above, it was found to be 2.8 μm.

[How to prepare the polyester layer 1] A cleaning blade was coated with a protective film forming solution in which thermoplastic aromatic polyester (trade name: U Polymer, manufactured by Unitika) was dissolved in 1,2-dichloroethane (solution concentration: 3% by weight).
After being immersed in the liquid and pulled up at a rate of IO+++s+/sec, it was immediately dried for 4 minutes in a constant temperature bath maintained at 83°C. As a result, a protective layer of about 4 μm was formed.

(Blade Production Example 4) 500 KHz for a polyurethane cleaning blade (manufactured by Tokai Rubber Co., Ltd.) that was preheated to 70°C.

A plasma polymerized film with a film thickness of approximately 5 μm and a maximum surface roughness of 2.2 μm was formed on the blade by performing a film forming process for 15 minutes using acetylene gas (CzHz) by the glow discharge method in vacuum with an applied voltage of 150 Watts. (This blade is called Blade ■).

(Blade manufacturing example 5) Polyurethane cleaning blade (manufactured by Tokai Rubber Co., Ltd.)
On the other hand, He, C, H, and CF were prepared by glow discharge method in vacuum under the same conditions as in Blade Production Example 4.

The film was formed on the blade for 15 minutes with a thickness of about 5.
A plasma polymerized film with a maximum surface roughness of 2.5 μm was obtained (this blade is referred to as blade V).

(Blade Production Example 6) In the same manner as in (Production Example 2), a surface protective layer with a film thickness of approximately 8 μm and a maximum surface roughness of 0.3 μm was provided on a polyurethane cleaning blade (manufactured by Tokai Rubber Co., Ltd.) (polishing was not performed). ,
(Omitted) (This blade will be referred to as Blade ■).

(Blade manufacturing example 7) 3MHz%100 polyurethane cleaning blade (manufactured by Tokai Rubber Co., Ltd.) heated to 60°C in advance
An open film was formed on the blade using an acetylene gas (czHz) using a glow discharge method in a vacuum for 18 minutes with an applied voltage of 6 μm and a maximum surface roughness of 0.2 μm.
A plasma polymerized film was obtained (this blade will be referred to as blade ■).

(Blade manufacturing example 8) A polyurethane cleaning blade (manufactured by Tokai Rubber Co., Ltd.) heated to 90°C in advance was heated to 30KHz120
An open film was formed on the blade using acetylene gas (C2H2) for 25 minutes using a glow discharge method in vacuum with an applied voltage of 0 Watt, and a film thickness of about 9 μm and a maximum surface roughness of 7.8 μ were formed on the blade.
A plasma polymerized film of m was obtained (this blade was
).

(Example 1) Using Blade I obtained in (Production Example 1) and Toner A obtained in Toner Production Example 1, 3,000 sheets of continuous copying was performed using EP~47oz manufactured by Minolta Camera Co., Ltd. At this time, no abnormal noise (squeal) was generated from the pressure contact portion between the photoreceptor and the blade. Then, as a result of continuous copying of 2,000 more sheets, a cleaning failure occurred.

Furthermore, while the average amount of toner remaining on the photoreceptor before passing through the blade is 0.33 [g/cm"], the amount of toner remaining on the photoreceptor after passing through the blade is 0-02 [g/cm"] for up to 3,000 sheets.
1 or less, and the cleaning performance was good. 5゜0
After copying 00 sheets, it was as high as 0.22 g/cm"l.

Thereafter, up to 30,000 copies were made, but the amount of adhesion after passing through the blade was 0.20 [g/cm''] or more.

(Examples 2 to 5) Toners B, C, D, and E were treated with Blade I in EP-5702 manufactured by Minolta Camera Co., Ltd. (Example 1)
I conducted a similar test.

(See Table 1 for results) (Example 6) The same test as in Example 1 was conducted on Toner F using Blade ■.

(See Table 1 for results) (Example 7) The same test as in Example 1 was conducted on toner A using Blade ■.

(See Table 1 for results) (Examples 8 to 11) The same tests as in Example 2 were conducted on toners B, C, D, and E using blade (2).

(See Table 1 for results) (Example 12) The same test as in Example 1 was conducted on Toner F using a blade.

(See Table 1 for results) (Example 13) A test similar to that in Example 1 was conducted on toner A using Blade ■.

(See Table 1 for the results) (Examples 14 to 17) The same test as in Example 2 was conducted on toners BSC, D, and E using Blade ■.

(See Table 1 for results) (Example 18) The same test as in Example 1 was conducted on Toner F using Blade ■.

(See Table 1 for results) (Example 19) A test similar to that in Example 1 was conducted on toner A using Blade ■.

(See Table 1 for results) (Examples 20 to 23) The same test as in Example 2 was conducted on toners B, C, and D%E using Blade ■.

(See Table 1 for results) (Example 24) The same test as in Example 1 was conducted on Toner F using Blade ■.

(See Table 1 for results) (Example 25) A test similar to that in Example 1 was conducted on Toner A using Blade V.

(See Table 1 for results) (Examples 26 to 29) The same test as in Example 2 was conducted on Toner B and C%D1E using Blade V.

(See Table 1 for results) (Example 30) The same test as in Example 1 was conducted on Toner F using Blade V. (See Table 1 for results) (Comparative Example 1) Toner A was subjected to the same test as in Example 1 using Blade ■. (See Table 2 for results) (Comparative Example 2~
5) Toners B, CXD, and E were subjected to the same test as in Example 2 using Blade (2).

(See Table 2 for results) (Comparative Example 6) Toner F was subjected to the same test as in Example 1 using Blade ■.

(See Table 2 for results) (Comparative Example 7) Toner A was subjected to the same test as in Example 1 using Blade ■. (See Table 2 for results) (Comparative Example 8~
11) Toners B, C, D, and E were subjected to the same test as in Example 2 using Blade (2).

(See Table 2 for results) (Comparative Example 12) Toner F was subjected to the same test as in Example 1 using Blade ■.

(Refer to Table 2 for the results) (Comparative Example 13) A test similar to that of Example 1 was conducted on Toner A using blade (3) with no unevenness.

(See Table 2 for results) (Comparative Examples 14 to 17) The same test as in Example 2 was conducted on toners B, C, D, and E using blade (3) with no unevenness.

(See Table 2 for results) (Comparative Example 18) A test similar to that in Example 1 was conducted on toner F using blade (3) which had no unevenness.

(Refer to Table 2 for results) Effects of the Invention By providing unevenness on the cleaner plate according to the present invention, the cleaner plate does not turn over, and even small particle size toner can be efficiently cleaned, and the durability of the cleaner plate is improved. sex has improved.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the cleaner plate. FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration example of a glow discharge plasma polymerization production apparatus. (1)...Rubber-like elastic body, (701)-(706)...Tank, (707)-(
712) and (725) to (727)... control valves, (713) to (718) and (728) to (730).
・・Flow rate controller (mass 70-controller) (719
)~(721)...Container, (722)~(724)...Temperature controller, (731)...
・Mixer, (732)... Main pipe, (733)... Reaction chamber, (734)... Piping heater, (735)...
Ground electrode, (736)...Power application electrode, (737)
... Power heater, (738) ... High frequency power matching device, (739) ... High frequency power supply, (740) ... Low frequency power matching device, (741) ...
・Low frequency power supply, (742)...Low pass filter, (743)...DC power supply, (744)...Connection selection switch, (745)...Pressure control valve, (746)...Exhaust System selection valve, (747) Diffusion pump, (748) Oil rotary pump, (749) Cooling exclusion device, (750) Mechanical booster pump, (751
)...Reaction heater, (752)...Heat conduction support pipe substrate, (753)...
・Exclusion device

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a sheet-like cleaner plate using a rubber-like elastic material, on the surface including at least the edge portion that comes into pressure contact with the photoreceptor, the roughness (l) is 1 μm or more and 0.5 times or less the average particle size of the toner. A cleaner plate characterized by having unevenness within a range.