JPH01178379A - Microwelding method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To form a thick deposition layer by installing the guide penetrating a powder filling hole at the upper and lower parts on the base metal surface, pressing by a press die by inputting a raw material powder in the powder filling hole and electrifying by rotating the press die. CONSTITUTION:The guide 2 having an insulating material 2b is placed on a base metal 1, a powder 3 is put into a powder filling hole 2a, a pressing body 7 is descended as shown by an alternate long and two short dashes line (a) with the operation of a Z axial motor 9 and the powder 3 is pressed by a pressing part 7a. The pressing body 7 is electrified by impressing a pulsating voltage in the space with the base metal 1 by a pulse power source 18 with revolving the pressing body 7 and if necessary the guide 2 by actuating a motor 13. The surface of the base metal 1 and powder 3 are heated with generating discharging and a deposition layer is formed on the surface of the base metal 1 with changing the relative position to the pressing body 7 and guide 2 and base metal 1 with the operation of X axial motor 5 and Y axial motor 6.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) The present invention involves electrically heating and/or discharging by applying electricity to a powder made of metal, ceramics, etc., in contact with a base material. By applying electrical heating,
The present invention relates to a micro welding method in which at least a part of the surface of a base material is sequentially softened or melted by heating, and the powder is similarly softened or partially melted by heating, and the surface of the base material is sequentially welded and coated.

(Prior Art) Micro welding that uses electric discharge is explained. This method is a partially improved technique of conventionally known as electric discharge impact coating or electric discharge coating. , for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-6,709 No. 5
As described in Japanese Patent No. 9-35,990, discharge coating is performed by moving a micro welding alloy electrode perpendicular to the direction of contact and separation movement with respect to the base metal, or by using a circular rotating electrode. 10 to 2 depending on the method of discharging
This method provides discharge coating with a surface roughness of about 0 gmRmax or less, with high flatness and uniform thickness. Also,
Other discharge coating methods include, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-27, 4
As described in Japanese Patent No. 69 and Japanese Patent No. 59-55,363, a surface roughness of about 10 p is achieved by subjecting a rod-shaped electrode to a discharge coating while subjecting it to rotation around an axis parallel to the central axis.
, m R + sax or less to obtain a coating layer with a high degree of flatness and a uniform thickness, or
In addition to being able to employ the discharge coating method described in , No. 877, for example, a rod-shaped electrode or, preferably, a rod-shaped electrode made by bundling a plurality of thin wire-shaped electrode materials, is connected to the surface of the base material by about lOILm or less. While forming and maintaining a fine interval of preferably about 0.5 to 5 gm, the electrode and the surface of the base material are rotated at right angles to the direction in which they face each other, preferably while rotating around the center axis of the electrode or an axis parallel to the axis. By applying an intermittent voltage pulse or a predetermined plurality of intermittent voltage pulses while relatively scanning in the direction at a predetermined speed, the electrode tip is gradually worn out. This technique involves obtaining a coating with less surface roughness by a non-vibrating discharge coating method in which the surface of a base material is welded and coated.

In addition to rod-shaped electrodes and powder-like coating materials, for example, the covering material may be used in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction as described in Japanese Patent Application No. 61-80.794, No. 61-86,808 and No. 61-86,809. A discharge coated electrode whose cross section is coaxially multi-layered, parallel to one direction multi-layered, or divided by one or more intersecting lines passing through the center for bundling or bonding. It is also effective to use one or more bonding electrodes, or a part or each of the bonding electrodes can be made in advance of an alloy material having a predetermined relationship with the alloy composition. . In addition to using a capacitor as a discharge power source, we also use an electronic switch on/off type voltage pulse that allows you to freely select and set the pulse width of the voltage pulse, the pause width between pulses, the discharge current amplitude, and the number of voltage pulses. Power supply, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 46-28,163, No. 46-2
Those described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 8,612, Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-13゜623, Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-4:1,989, etc. can be used.

(Problem to be solved by the invention) However, according to this prior art, the welding layer (coating layer) consisting of a mixture or diffusion of different materials such as the base material and the electrode is first formed by softening and plastic deformation due to heat of the electrode and the base material. , pressurization, thermal diffusion, and melting steps, and a mixing or diffusion process.When forming a relatively thin welding layer (coating layer) that includes diffusion and melting, dissimilar materials can be compared even if the moving speed of the electrode, etc. is increased. It is possible to form a weld layer that is uniformly mixed or diffused, but when attempting to form a thicker weld layer, sufficient mixing and diffusion may not be achieved, and the thickness of the weld layer may be at its maximum. There was a problem that it was difficult to form a thick welding layer.

(Means for Solving the Problem) The present invention solves this problem and provides a micro welding method in which a thick welding layer is formed as a turning part. is installed on the surface of the base material via an insulating material, the raw material powder is put into the powder filling hole, and the powder is pressed by a pressing die that inserts a pressing part into the powder filling hole of the guide. The pressing mold is rotated and electricity is applied between at least one of the pressing mold and the guide and the base material to generate heat, thereby forming a welding layer made of the raw material powder and the base material on the surface of the base material. Features.

In addition, by making the powder filling hole provided in the guide enlarged at the top and by making the shape of the pressing part of the pressing mold match the powder filling hole, pressure can be concentrated and the powder can be pressed, resulting in high pressure. Work can be done by applying

(Example) Examples of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The drawings are diagrams showing an embodiment of the micro welding method according to the present invention,
Reference numeral 1 denotes a conductive base material, 2 a guide having a powder filling hole 2a filled with conductive powder 3, and a heat-resistant insulating plate 2b in contact with the base material 1 on the lower surface. The powder filling hole 2a has a circular shape extending through the center of the guide 2, and is enlarged upward. Further, the insulating plate 2b
cleans the opening communicating with the powder filling hole 2a. 4
is a processing table moved by an X-axis motor 5 and a Y-axis motor 6, on which the base material I is set.

Reference numeral 7 denotes a pressing die that presses the powder 3 in the powder filling hole za of the guide 2, and the pressing die 7 has a pressing part 7a having a shape that matches the powder filling hole 2a, that is, the lower part has a gradually smaller diameter. It has a shape such that The press die 7 is installed rotatably and movably up and down by the following mechanism.

That is, a vertically moving shaft 12 is attached to the machining head 8 by a Z-axis motor 9 via, for example, a feed screw mechanism lO and a rotation stopper mechanism 11, and a swing motor 1 is attached to the vertically moving shaft 12.
3, a turning table 15 is mounted so as to be rotated via a gear mechanism 14, and the pressing die 7 is attached to the turning table 15 via an insulating material 16, and the pressing die 7 presses the powder 3 at a predetermined pressure. It is pressed and held onto the surface of the base material 1.

Reference numeral 18 denotes the above-mentioned pulsed or pulsating power source having one end of its output terminal connected to the base material 1 and the other end connected via a contactor 19, and the output characteristics of the power source 18, the
Axis motor 6, two-axis motor 9 and swing motor 13 are N
It has a configuration controlled by the C device 20.

When performing micro welding using such equipment,
The guide 2 having the insulating material 2b is placed on the base material l, the powder 3 is put into the powder filling hole 2a, and the two-axis motor 9 is operated to lower the pressing body 7 as shown by the two-dot chain line a. Pressing part 7a
The powder 3 is pressed by the powder 3, the rotation motor 13 is operated to rotate the pressing body 7 and the guide 2 as necessary, and the pulse power source 18 is used to move the pressing body 7 between the base material 1 (or between the guide 2 and the base material If k is between the press body 7 and the guide 2 and the base material l), a pulsating voltage such as direct current and alternating current is applied to the surface of the base material l and powder. The body 3 is heated by energizing Joule heat while generating electric discharge as necessary, and the X-axis motor 5 and Y-axis motor 6
A welding layer is formed on the surface of the base material 1 while changing the relative positions of the base material 1 and the pressing body 7 and the guide 2.

In this way, if the powder 3 is heated and softened while being pressed against the base material L, and then a part of the tool is melted and rotated, part of the powder 3 remains solid while heating the base material L. The operation of softening or reaching the bottom of a part or more of the melted part and melting is repeated, and the powder 3 can be mixed and diffused deep into the welding layer in +1 minute, and the power supply 18 can relatively By applying electricity with a large amount of electricity and heating it, it is possible to
A welding layer with a thickness of ts~5 mm can be easily formed.

Furthermore, as shown in this embodiment, by forming the powder filling hole 2a into a shape that is gradually constricted at the bottom, pressure is concentrated on the powder 3 in the pressurized state, and high pressure is applied. A welding layer with a predetermined high density can be efficiently formed.

Note that the powder 3 may be made of the same material as the pressing body 7 and the guide 2.

The above example describes the case where the powder 3 is a conductive material, but it can also be applied when the powder 3 is made of a conductive material and a non-conductive material and has conductivity as a whole, or when it is a high-resistance material or an insulating material. This can be carried out by applying electricity between the body or guide 2 and the base material 1 through a small amount of powder.

To explain with a specific example, the base material 1 is made of 5ssc steel, the guide 2 and the pressing body 7 are made of steel, the minimum diameter of the powder filling hole 2a of the guide 2 and the pressing body 7 is 5 mm, and the powder 3 is pressurized. The pressure was 5 kgf/cm", and the base material l was 2 am/
■ Move at a speed of 50% TiC as powder 3.
, B, C 40%, and graphite 10% (volume %) (all have a particle size of 300 mesh), and the suppressor 7 is made of 350
Rotate at 0 rpm and turn at the same time) <7L/S'
7M, source 18, Ip15A, τon304s,
τoff 207ts and then energize, and as a result,
A welding layer with the powder was formed on the base metal made of steel for 1.8ms.
It was possible to form the film to a uniform thickness of . The Vickers hardness Hv at this time was 4100, and the surface roughness was 134.
It became mR■aX.

The entire welding device is surrounded by a case, and an inert gas such as Ar gas is supplied into the case by an inert gas supply device to perform the welding in an inert gas atmosphere, or the device is used as a vacuum suction device to perform the welding. By performing welding in an atmosphere, nitridation and oxidation of the welded layer can be prevented.

Furthermore, it is also possible to install a reaction gas or liquid supply device and supply the reaction gas or liquid to the surface of the base material 1 alone or together with the powder 3 to cause a reaction.

Note that, unlike the J embodiment, the welding is performed while moving the ladle 8 horizontally during processing using the X-axis motor 58 and the Y-axis motor 6, and rotating the guide 2 in the same or opposite direction as the pressing body 7, or by rotating the processing table 4. It is also possible to have a configuration in which the side is rotated by a turning motor.

Further, as a method of pressurizing the powder 3, it is also possible to use a configuration in which a hydraulic cylinder is attached to the tip of the shaft 12 to support the turning table 15.

In addition, the present invention is applicable not only to the formation of a wear-resistant layer, a heat-resistant layer, and a corrosion-resistant layer as a welding layer formed on the base material l, but also to superconducting materials, magnets, ceramics, semiconductors, low-wear materials, active sensors, magnetostrictive materials, etc. Used to form electrostrictive materials. Also, -tan base material l
After forming a welding layer thereon, the welding layer may be peeled off, and then crushed and molded into an appropriate shape.

Furthermore, examples of substances that can be formed as molten Rlfj according to the present invention include the following.

Carbide: T I C, A l 4 C3, Z r C
, HfC.

VC, Ta-C system, NbC, SiC, Mo2C54C Boride: Mo-B system, Ti-B system, ZrB2, V
-B system, Ta-B system, W-B system, Nb-B system, Hf, B
, MgBs nitride: Mg3Nz , HfN, Si3N4°VN, T
iN, NbN, Ta-N system, CrN, ScN, AuN,
YN, PrN, ZrN, BN silicide: Mo-5i system, T
i-5i series, Zr-5i series, NbSi, CrSi, W
Si2, aSi2 chalcogen compound*: M g S , M o S
2, W S 2, T i S2, ZrS2. Mo
Se2, WSe*, TaSe2, TiSe2. Zr
Se2. NbSe.

Hydrogenation'PR: SmH2, DyH,,5cH2, Ti
-H system, Hfl(g, ZrHz, NdH2 aluminum alloy: N1AJ1, CaA!; L, Ge-A system,
Nb-A Literature, CoA Literature, M o A l, WAJI.

In addition, as a solid solution, TiB2-MoB2゜TaC-T
aB, ZrB-CrB2. WS2-NbS2. ZrC-
ZrN, TiB2-MOB2, TiCWC, Nbx Z
r+-x Cy Nz, Nb-C-NbN, TiB-
CrB2. MoS2-Nb etc. can be formed.

In addition, the following materials can be formed as various functional materials.

Semiconductor metallization Ag-5b/GaP, A pattern/SiO□, Si magnetic material B
r B i / S US steel Seebeck material Zn5
b/Cr 17-N i 8 stainless steel Nesa glass resistor SnO□/Si, 5io2 infrared detection CdTe/S iO2, Si EL material ZnS:Mn Solar cell G a I-x A l x A s /
G a As superconducting material YBaCuO Hydrogen absorbing material LaN 14-a A9. o-s <H
t, -a) Magnet Nd2B14F+9. Sm2Coa
t, tfi plastic material Ni:1AJ1 electronic refrigeration PbTe, Pb5e, Fe5ia eFeS
i,C.

Capacitor Ta205 Heating element LaCr0゜PZT, PLZT Also, when forming a welding layer in each of the above welding,
Generally, heat is generated during melting or reaction, so the heat generated by the first heat and the heat generated by discharge work together as heat. Therefore, it is possible to form an extremely strong and smooth welding layer. In addition, since the powder 3 is heated under pressure between the press die 7 and the base material 1, the frictional heat also causes heating softening or melting of the powder 3 and heat softening or melting of the surface of the base material 1. used.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, in the present invention, a guide with powder filling holes penetrating the upper and lower sides is installed on the surface of the base material via an insulating material, and raw powder is inserted into the powder filling hole. The powder is pressed by a pressing mold which inserts a pressing part into the powder filling hole of the guide, and rotates the pressing mold to apply electricity between at least one of the pressing mold and the guide and the base material. By doing so, heat is generated and a welded layer consisting of the raw material powder and the base material is formed on the surface of the base material, so that part of the powder remains solid and the base material is heated to soften or melt as required. The operation of reaching the bottom of the part and melting it is repeated, and the powder is sufficiently mixed deep into the weld layer, making it possible to easily form a weld layer thicker than lam.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawing is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the micro welding method according to the present invention.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A guide having powder filling holes in the upper and lower sides is installed on the surface of the base material through an insulating material, raw material powder is put into the powder filling hole, and the guide is filled with powder. Pressing the powder with a pressing mold that inserts a pressing part into the hole, rotating the pressing mold, and generating heat by applying electricity between at least one of the pressing mold and the guide and a base material, A micro welding method characterized by forming a weld layer consisting of raw material powder and base metal on the surface of the base metal. 2. As the guide, a guide having a powder filling hole whose upper part is gradually enlarged is used, and as the pressing mold, a member whose lower end side is gradually reduced from the upper part is used. Micro welding method described in section.