CN1210128C - Power supply for discharge surface treatment and discharge surface treatment method - Google Patents
Power supply for discharge surface treatment and discharge surface treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1210128C CN1210128C CN00805400.2A CN00805400A CN1210128C CN 1210128 C CN1210128 C CN 1210128C CN 00805400 A CN00805400 A CN 00805400A CN 1210128 C CN1210128 C CN 1210128C
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a power supply device and a method for discharge surface treatment. The first pulse width T1 and the first peak value Ip1 of discharge current are set to suppress current density between an electrode (1) released by an electrode material within a preset range and an electrode of a processed piece (2). Discharge current is increased to a second peak value Ip2 in second pulse width T2 in the state of sufficiently enlarging the diameter of a discharge electrical arc column (10) in the section of the first pulse width T1 to generate discharge between the electrodes, and accordingly, the supplied quantity of a hard protecting film material released by the electrode material can reach a preset value according to expected processing conditions; in this way, a hard protecting film (17) is efficiently formed for the processed piece (2). The present invention can reduce the cost of surface treatment and can simultaneously form the compactly hard protecting film (17) on the processed piece (2).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to improve the discharging surface that is used for the discharging surface processing handles with supply unit and discharge surface treating method; be to make the interpolar of electric discharge surface treating electrode and work piece produce discharge; and utilize this energy, on the work piece surface, form the hard coating that hard coating that is made of electrode material or the material that utilizes discharge energy to react by electrode material constitute.
Background technology
In the past, as forming hard coating on work piece surface and making its technology with corrosion resistance, wearability, the discharge surface treating method that has Japanese kokai publication hei 5-148615 communique for example to be disclosed.This technology is used the powder pressed electrode as electric discharge surface treating electrode with WC (tungsten carbide) powder and Co (cobalt) powder mixing compression forming, carry out time processing (piling up processing), then change the less electrode of consumption of electrode such as copper electrode into and remake secondary operations (melt-processed again), this two procedures constitutes metal material discharge surface treating method.This method can form the hard coating with good bond power to steel, but for the such agglomerated material of carbide alloy, is difficult to form the hard coating with good bond power.
But; according to we research as can be known; if the material that will form Ti hard carbides such as (titaniums) is as electric discharge surface treating electrode; and the metal material of work piece between produce discharge, then can on the metal surface of work piece, form firm hard coating and do not melt again or the process of melting.This is because the composition C (carbon) of used up electrode material of discharge and working fluid reacts, and generates the reason of TiC (titanium carbide).In addition we know, if utilize by TiH
2The powder pressed electrode that metal hydrides such as (titantium hydrides) constitutes as electric discharge surface treating electrode, and the metal material of work piece between produce discharge, then can more promptly form finer and close hard coating than the situation of using materials such as Ti.Know in addition, if utilize TiH
2Mix the powder pressed electrode that the back forms with other metal or pottery etc. in hydride as electric discharge surface treating electrode; and the metal material of work piece between produce discharge, then can form as quick as thought have hardness, the hard coating of various character such as wearability.
About this method, for example in Japanese kokai publication hei 9-192937 communique, disclose, Fig. 4 is illustrated in the formation picture of device that uses in this discharging surface processing for example.Among the figure, 1 is with TiH
2The powder pressed electrode that the powders compression moulding forms as electric discharge surface treating electrode; 2 is work piece; 3 is working groove; 4 is working fluid; 5 for carrying out the switch element of switch to powder pressed electrode 1 and 2 making alives of work piece and electric current, 6 is the control device of gauge tap element switch, and 7 is power supply; 8 is resistor, and 9 is formed hard coating.According to such formation, between powder pressed electrode 1 and work piece 2, produce discharge, utilize this discharge energy, on the surface of the work piece 2 of formations such as iron and steel, carbide alloy, form hard coating.Switch element 5, control circuit 6, power supply 7 and resistor 8 are equivalent to discharging surface processing supply unit, the discharge current pulse waveform in its decision discharging surface processing procedure etc.
This discharging surface is in the past handled and is used square wave basically with the supply unit discharge current pulse, as shown in Figure 5, by changing the peak I p and the pulsewidth T of discharge current, adjusts the thickness of the hard coating that forms on the work piece etc.
Fig. 6 illustrates the adhesion condition of electrode material to work piece.Fig. 7 represents from the discharge beginning along with the current density of time variation and the variation diagram of electrical discharge arc column diameter.In Fig. 6, the 1st, electric discharge surface treating electrode, the 2nd, work piece, the 10th, the electrical discharge arc post, the 11st, heating and gasifying breaks out the electrode composition that discharges rapidly, and the 12nd, attached to the electrode composition on the work piece 2.As Fig. 6 (a) with shown in 7, after discharge just took place, the diameter of electrical discharge arc post 10 was little, and current density is high.In addition, electric discharge surface treating electrode is different with electrode with the discharge processing that processing is cut in common grinding, and in order to improve the productivity ratio of surface treatment operation, deliberately reduces heat conduction and mechanical strength.Therefore, shown in Fig. 6 (a), handle at discharging surface under the high state of current density and to heat rapidly with near the part the electrical discharge arc post 10 of electrode 1, utilizing gasifies break out a part that makes electric discharge surface treating electrode 1 be splashed to around (in the working fluid).Here, utilize working fluid to cool off the electrode composition 11 that heating and gasifying outburst rapidly discharges rapidly, can not form the hard coating of work piece 2.On the other hand, shown in Fig. 6 (b), under the suitable state of current density,,, the amount attached to the electrode composition on the work piece 2 12 is increased so can heat electric discharge surface treating electrode 1 on a large scale because the diameter of electrical discharge arc post 10 becomes big.
Like this, handle the discharge current pulse waveform (for example Fig. 5) of the square wave that produces with supply unit for discharging surface in the past, even in order to improve surface-treated productivity ratio, and the peak I p of raising discharge current pulse, after discharge just, electrode material is along with still very little in the ratio of work piece side especially.Therefore the problem that exists is, electrode material along with the ratio in the work piece side be by weight about 10% to 50% because the waste of electrode material is big, so the rising of surface treatment cost.
Discharge surface treating method is to utilize the heat of discharge to discharge electrode material, makes its part become hard coating and dissolves attached to the lip-deep processing method of work piece.Therefore, for discharge energy two parts effect is arranged, a part is the so-called effect that discharges electrode material, and another part is to make the material of release and the effect that work piece dissolves.
Fig. 8 represents to utilize 1 discharge current pulse the steel of work piece to be carried out the photo on the work piece surface of discharging surface when handling.Fig. 8 (a) is depicted as the too much situation of burst size of electrode material, and Fig. 8 (b) is depicted as the very few situation of burst size of electrode material.Under the too much situation of the burst size of electrode material (Fig. 8 (a)), the electrode material that utilizes discharge energy to discharge dissolves deficiency, can not form the hard coating of densification on work piece.Under the very few situation of the burst size of electrode material (Fig. 8 (b)), work piece dissolves excessively, also work piece has been carried out grinding except that hard coating adheres to and has cut processing.Discharge current pulse waveform (for example Fig. 5) existence of the square wave that produces with supply unit of problem handle to(for) discharging surface in the past is; in discharge once because utilize the discharge current pulse of 1 square wave to carry out the release of electrode material and dissolving of electrode material and work piece simultaneously; so be difficult to guarantee the suitable quantity delivered of electrode material; because the undersupply of electrode material can produce grinding of work piece cut processing, and because the glut of electrode material can produce the deficiency that dissolves of hard coating.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is for solving described problem, and the technical problem that solve provides can reduce the surface treatment cost, can form fine and close hard coating simultaneously on work piece discharging surface is handled with supply unit and discharge surface treating method.
Discharging surface of the present invention is handled and is used supply unit; being used for discharging surface handles; described discharging surface is handled the interpolar that makes electric discharge surface treating electrode and work piece and is produced discharge; and utilize its energy to form hard coating on the work piece surface; in handling with supply unit, this discharging surface comprises control device, this control device
With discharge current pulse be divided into the 1st pulsewidth T1 (the 1st peak I p1), the second pulsewidth T2 (the 2nd peak I p2) ... the interval of n pulsewidth Tn (n peak I pn) (n is the integer more than 2),
Set the 1st pulsewidth T1 and the 1st peak I p1; suppress the interior described electrode current density of prescribed limit that electrode material discharges so that reach; set k pulsewidth Tk and k peak I pk (2≤k≤n, k are integer), so that reach according to the predefined value that discharges the described hard coating material quantity delivered that produces by described electrode material of the processing conditions of expection.
Discharge surface treating method of the present invention; be used for discharging surface and handle, described discharging surface is handled the interpolar that makes discharging surface handle electrode and work piece and is produced discharge, and utilizes its energy to form hard coating on described work piece surface; in this processing method
With discharge current pulse be divided into the 1st pulsewidth T1 (the 1st peak I p1), the second pulsewidth T2 (the 2nd peak I p2) ... the interval of n pulsewidth Tn (n peak I pn) (n is the integer more than 2),
Set the 1st pulsewidth T1 and the 1st peak I p1; suppress the interior described electrode current density of prescribed limit that electrode material discharges so that reach; set k pulsewidth Tk and k peak I pk (2≤k≤n, k are integer); so that reach according to the processing conditions of expection is predefined and discharge the value of the described hard coating material quantity delivered that produces, on described work piece surface, form hard coating by described electrode material.
The present invention is because of aforesaid formation, so have following effect.
Discharging surface of the present invention is handled with supply unit and discharge surface treating method, because of can be effectively with electrode material attached on the work piece surface, so can reduce the surface treatment cost.
In addition, because can guarantee the suitable quantity delivered of electrode material, so can on work piece, form fine and close hard coating.
Brief Description Of Drawings
Fig. 1 represents discharging surface the processing formation of supply unit and the oscillogram of voltage across poles and discharge current relevant with example of the present invention.
Fig. 2 represents to use the discharging surface relevant with example of the present invention to handle with supply unit to carry out that discharging surface is handled and the key diagram that forms the hard coating situation on work piece.
Fig. 3 represents to handle with supply unit with in the past discharging surface and carries out occasion that discharging surface handles and the comparison diagram of handling the consumption of electrode length when carrying out the discharging surface processing with supply unit with discharging surface of the present invention.
Fig. 4 lifts tabulation and is shown in the formation picture of device that uses in the discharging surface processing.
Fig. 5 represents that discharging surface in the past handles with voltage across poles and discharge current pulse figure in the supply unit.
Fig. 6 represents the key diagram of electrode material attached to work piece.
Fig. 7 represents from the discharge beginning along with the current density of time variation and the variation diagram of electrical discharge arc column diameter.
The photo on the work piece surface when Fig. 8 represents to utilize 1 discharge current pulse that steel are carried out the discharging surface processing.
The optimal morphology that carries out an invention
Fig. 1 represents the apparatus for discharge surface treatment supply unit with the invention process morphologic correlation, and Fig. 1 (a) is that pie graph, Fig. 1 (b) are voltage across poles and discharge current waveform figure, the discharge current waveform figure of the another example of Fig. 1 (c) expression.In Fig. 1,1 is electric discharge surface treating electrode, and 2 is work piece, 3 is working groove, and 4 is working fluid, and 13 is group of switching elements, 14 is the control device of gauge tap element group 13 open and close, 15 is power supply, and 16 is the resistor group, and T1 is the 1st pulsewidth, T2 is the 2nd pulsewidth, Tr is a dwell time, and Ip1 is the 1st peak value, and Ip2 is the 2nd peak value.Group of switching elements 13, control device 14, power supply 15 and resistor group 16 are equivalent to discharging surface to be handled and use supply unit, determines in the discharging surface processing procedure discharge current pulse waveform etc.
Below, action is described.Electric discharge surface treating electrode 1 is opposite in the working fluid 4 mutually with work piece 2, utilizes not shown drive unit to keep predetermined gap.The peak value of discharge current is the function of the resistance value that is connected in series with the switch element of group of switching elements 13 conductings in the supply voltage of power supply 15 and resistor group 16.Utilize control device make with resistor group 16 in the switch element conducting of the group of switching elements 13 that is connected in series of the big resistance of resistance value, by between electric discharge surface treating electrode 1 and work piece 2, applying voltage like this, through behind the official hour, produce discharge (the 1st peak I p1).Detect produce discharge and through the 1st pulsewidth T1 after, utilize control device 14 that the switch element of aforementioned conducting is disconnected, and make with resistor group 16 in the switch element conducting of the group of switching elements 13 that is connected in series of the little resistance of resistance value, by making discharge current increase (the 2nd peak I p2) like this.Then, behind the 2nd pulsewidth T2, utilize control device 14 that the switch element of group of switching elements 13 is all disconnected.After passing through dwell time Tr again, utilize control device 14 to make the switch element conducting of group of switching elements 13 selectively once more.By carrying out above action repeatedly, carry out discharging surface and handle.Like this, can utilize control device 14 to make the switch element conducting and the disconnection of group of switching elements 13 selectively, carry out the peak value control of discharge current.
Discharge current pulse can be such stepped of Fig. 1 (b), also can be as the ramped shaped Fig. 1 (c).Increase the ramped shaped of discharge current pulse, can realize by the inductance series connection is inserted in the power circuit of discharging surface processing with supply unit.
Fig. 2 represents to use the discharging surface relevant with example of the present invention to handle with supply unit to carry out that discharging surface is handled and the key diagram that forms the hard coating situation on work piece; in Fig. 2; 1 is electrode; 2 is work piece; 10 is the electrical discharge arc post, and 17 is the hard coating that utilizes method related to the present invention to form on work piece 2.Fig. 2 (a) is equivalent to the part that the 1st pulsewidth T1 of Fig. 1 (b) or Fig. 1 (c) begins, and Fig. 2 (b) is equivalent to the part that the 1st pulsewidth T1 of Fig. 1 (b) or Fig. 1 (c) finishes, and Fig. 2 (c) is equivalent to the part of the 2nd pulsewidth T2 of Fig. 1 (b) or Fig. 1 (c).
In Fig. 1 (b) or Fig. 1 (c); set the 1st pulsewidth T1 and the 1st peak I p1; reach and suppress the interior current density (Fig. 2 (a)) of prescribed limit that electrode material discharges; in the interval of the 1st pulsewidth T1; the diameter of electrical discharge arc post (10) is fully increased (Fig. 2 (b)); then; under the state that the diameter of this electrical discharge arc post (10) amplifies; in the 2nd pulsewidth T2; utilize control device 14 gauge tap element groups 13 etc.; make discharge current increase to the 2nd peak I p2; so that reach according to the processing conditions of expection is predefined and discharge the value of the described hard coating material quantity delivered that produces, by like this work piece (2) being formed hard coating (17) (Fig. 2 (c)) effectively by described electrode material.
For reaching the 1st pulsewidth T1 and the 1st peak I p1 that suppresses the current density in the prescribed limit that electrode material discharges and making the quantity delivered to the hard coating material of work piece reach the 2nd pulsewidth T2 of desired amount and the setting value of the 2nd peak I p2; can obtain by experiment in advance, and can set corresponding to the processing conditions of the performance shape of desired process velocity, hard coating face and consumption of electrode etc.For example; as long as collect material and the electrode parameters such as constituent and hardness thereof that make electric discharge surface treating electrode by experiment in advance; parameters such as the material of work piece; the 1st pulsewidth T1; the 2nd pulsewidth T2; the consumption of the electric discharge surface treating electrode the when pulsewidth of the discharge current of the 1st peak I p1 and the 2nd peak I p2 and the parameter of peak value change; the performance shape of the hard coating face that on work piece, forms and the data such as productivity ratio of surface treatment operation; and use these data corresponding to desired process velocity; processing conditions such as the performance shape of hard coating face and consumption of electrode, the 2nd pulsewidth T2 and the 2nd peak I p2 that set the 1st pulsewidth T1 and the 1st peak I p1 of the current density in the prescribed limit reach the release that suppresses electrode material and make quantity delivered to the hard coating material of work piece reach desired amount get final product.
Fig. 3 is illustrated under the identical condition of the thickness of the hard coating that forms on the work piece, uses in the past discharging surface to handle the comparison diagram that carries out discharging surface consumption of electrode length when using discharging surface related to the present invention to handle to handle with the discharging surface of supply unit when handling with supply unit.In this case, it is that peak I p is that 8A, pulsewidth T are the square wave of 8 μ s that discharging surface is in the past handled the discharge current pulse that produces with supply unit, and it is that the 1st pulsewidth T1 is that 8 μ s, the 1st peak I p1 are that 2A, the 2nd pulsewidth T2 are that 8 μ s, the 2nd peak I p2 are 8A that discharging surface related to the present invention is handled the discharge current pulse that produces with supply unit.In Fig. 3, utilize discharge current pulse in the past, consumption of electrode length is about 500 μ m, utilizes discharge current pulse related to the present invention, consumption of electrode length is about 200 μ m, and visible discharging surface related to the present invention is handled and can be reduced consumption of electrode significantly with supply unit
As previously mentioned, carry out the discharging surface processing if adopt discharging surface related to the present invention to handle, because can be with electrode material effectively attached on the work piece surface, so can reduce the surface treatment cost with supply unit.In addition, because can guarantee the suitable quantity delivered of electrode material, so can on work piece, form fine and close hard coating.
In aforesaid explanation, the peak value of discharge current is 2 grades a stairstepping, but also can be the shape more than 3 grades.In addition, in each interval of pulsewidth, the current value of discharge current pulse also can not be fixed value or ramped shaped, but the official hour function.
Industrial practicality
As mentioned above, discharging surface related to the present invention is processed with supply unit and discharge surface treating method, is applicable to form on the work piece surface surface treatment related industry of hard coating.
Claims (2)
1. a discharging surface is handled and is used supply unit; being used for discharging surface handles; described discharging surface is handled the interpolar that makes electric discharge surface treating electrode and work piece and is produced discharge; and utilize its energy to form hard coating on the work piece surface; it is characterized in that; comprise control device, described control device
With discharge current pulse be divided into the 1st pulsewidth T1 corresponding to the Ip1 of the 1st peak value, corresponding to the second pulsewidth T2 of the Ip2 of the 2nd peak value ... corresponding to the interval of the n pulsewidth Tn of the Ipn of n peak value, n is the integer more than 2,
Set the 1st pulsewidth T1 and the 1st peak I p1; suppress the interior described electrode current density of prescribed limit that electrode material discharges so that reach; set k pulsewidth Tk and k peak I pk; 2≤k≤n, k are integer, so that reach according to the predefined value that is discharged the quantity delivered of the described hard coating material that produces by described electrode material of the processing conditions of expection.
2. discharge surface treating method; be used for discharging surface and handle, described discharging surface is handled the interpolar that makes discharging surface handle electrode and work piece and is produced discharge, and utilizes its energy to form hard coating on described work piece surface; it is characterized in that, the treating method comprises
With discharge current pulse be divided into the 1st pulsewidth T1 corresponding to the Ip1 of the 1st peak value, corresponding to the second pulsewidth T2 of the Ip2 of the 2nd peak value ... corresponding to the interval of the n pulsewidth Tn of the Ipn of n peak value, n is the integer more than 2,
Set the 1st pulsewidth T1 and the 1st peak I p1; suppress the interior described electrode current density of prescribed limit that electrode material discharges so that reach; set k pulsewidth Tk and k peak I pk; 2≤k≤n, k are integer; so that reach according to the processing conditions of expection is predefined and discharge the value of the described hard coating material quantity delivered that produces, on described work piece surface, form hard coating by described electrode material.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2000/000303 WO2001055481A1 (en) | 2000-01-24 | 2000-01-24 | Power supply for discharge surface treatment and discharge surface treatment method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1344333A CN1344333A (en) | 2002-04-10 |
| CN1210128C true CN1210128C (en) | 2005-07-13 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN00805400.2A Expired - Fee Related CN1210128C (en) | 2000-01-24 | 2000-01-24 | Power supply for discharge surface treatment and discharge surface treatment method |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1210128C (en) |
| CH (1) | CH695567A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE10084316B4 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW483948B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001055481A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1640476B1 (en) | 2003-06-05 | 2012-09-12 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Discharge surface treating electrode, discharge surface treating device and discharge surface treating method |
| US7824159B2 (en) | 2004-01-14 | 2010-11-02 | Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. | Compressor, titanium-made rotor blade, jet engine and titanium-made rotor blade producing method |
| JP4895477B2 (en) * | 2004-01-29 | 2012-03-14 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Discharge surface treatment method and discharge surface treatment apparatus. |
| JP5423795B2 (en) | 2009-07-28 | 2014-02-19 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Erosion-resistant machine part, method for forming surface layer of machine part, and method for producing steam turbine |
| JP5177121B2 (en) * | 2009-11-11 | 2013-04-03 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Repair method of machine parts |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3271836B2 (en) * | 1993-08-31 | 2002-04-08 | 科学技術振興事業団 | Surface treatment method for aluminum and its alloys by submerged discharge |
-
2000
- 2000-01-24 CH CH01772/01A patent/CH695567A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-01-24 DE DE10084316T patent/DE10084316B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-01-24 WO PCT/JP2000/000303 patent/WO2001055481A1/en active Application Filing
- 2000-01-24 CN CN00805400.2A patent/CN1210128C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-01-31 TW TW089101612A patent/TW483948B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW483948B (en) | 2002-04-21 |
| CN1344333A (en) | 2002-04-10 |
| DE10084316T1 (en) | 2002-04-11 |
| WO2001055481A1 (en) | 2001-08-02 |
| CH695567A5 (en) | 2006-06-30 |
| DE10084316B4 (en) | 2005-12-22 |
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