JPH01177084A - Electronic string musical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To surely detect even a muting operation related to any sound pitch by instructing to turn out a sound by making a detecting condition less severe with respect to a detecting means for detecting a fact that a peak value of a waveform signal corresponding to a string vibration is attenuated above a prescribed level, when an open string sound pitch of a string is a sound pitch being higher by one octave. CONSTITUTION:Whether a pitch which is extracted by a pitch extracting means PD is a roughly one octave sound pitch of an open string sound pitch of a string or not is decided by a deciding means MCP, and this musical instrument is provided with a condition changing means MCP for making a detecting condition less severe with respect to a detecting means for detecting a fact that a peak value of a waveform signal is attenuated above a prescribed level, when the sound pitch is higher by roughly one octave and instructing to turn out a sound by detecting a small attenuation ratio. In such a way, even when a muting operation is executed by a one octave sound pitch of an open string sound pitch by which a string vibration is continued long, an instruction to turn out a sound can be executed surely to a sound source means.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an electronic stringed instrument such as an electronic guitar, and in particular detects a rapid attenuation of the level of an input waveform signal and turns off the musical tone (relative off). ) related to electronic stringed instruments that make it possible to

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, pitches (fundamental cylindrical wave numbers) are extracted from the waveform signals generated by the performance operations of natural musical instruments, and a sound source device composed of an electronic circuit is controlled to artificially obtain musical tones. Various electronic devices have been developed.

This type of electronic musical instrument is called an electronic guitar or a guitar synthesizer, and the applicant of this patent has already proposed an instrument of this kind that is equipped with the above-mentioned tape-off function. (No. 76453, Japanese Patent Application No. 62-258673, etc.) Now, in this relative-off process, by releasing the finger that was operating the fret, the sound source device is instructed to mute (mute) the input waveform signal. Such an instruction is executed by detecting a sudden change in the level attenuation.

■ However, according to the earlier proposal, the above-mentioned relative off processing is performed under the same conditions regardless of the pitch detected based on pitch extraction. When you release your finger from the middle of the string (that is, specifying a pitch one octave higher than the pitch of the open string), the vibration is less likely to stop, and compared to other positions, the above-mentioned A problem arises in that it becomes difficult to detect changes in the attenuation of the signal, making it impossible to instruct the performer to turn off the signal as intended.

1If we were to detect such a gradual attenuation and stop the sound, even when performing a glissando or slur, it would be treated as a relative off and the note would be turned off. will occur.

[Purpose of the invention]

This invention was made in consideration of the above-mentioned IIk situation, and it is possible to reliably give a mute instruction to the sound source means even when the mute operation is performed at a pitch one octave higher than the open string pitch where the string vibration continues for a long time. The purpose is to submit an electronic stringed instrument.

[Key points of the invention]

That is, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention uses a determining means to determine whether or not the pitch extracted by the pitch extracting means is approximately one octave higher than the open string pitch of the method,
When the pitch is approximately one octave above, the detection conditions of the detection means for detecting that the peak value of the waveform signal has attenuated beyond a predetermined level are relaxed, and a mute instruction is issued when a small attenuation rate is detected. The key point is that a means for changing the conditions is provided.

[Metal practice]

Hereinafter, the embodiments of the present invention can be similarly applied to other types of electronic musical instruments without referring to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the entire circuit, and the pitch extraction analog circuit PA is provided for each of six strings (not shown) strung on an electronic guitar body, for example, and converts the vibrations of the strings into electrical signals. A hex pickup that outputs a zero cross signal and a waveform signal Z from the output from this pickup.
i, Wi (i=1 to 6) and converts these signals into a time-division serial zero-cross signal ZCR and a digital output (time-division waveform signal) DI, such as an analog-to-digital converter A to be described later. /D.

The pitch extraction digital circuit FD consists of a peak detection circuit PEDT, a time constant conversion control circuit TCC, a peak value acquisition circuit PVS, and a zero cross time acquisition circuit ZTS as shown in FIG. The maximum peak point or minimum peak point is detected based on the cross signal ZCR and the digital output DI, and MAXI, M
INI (engineering = 1 to 6) is generated, and an interwoven (interrupt) signal INT is generated when the zero-crossing point passes, more precisely, when the zero-crossing point immediately after the maximum peak point and minimum peak point passes.
is output to the microcomputer MOP, and the time information of the zero crossing point, peak value information such as MAX, MIN, and the instantaneous value of the input waveform signal are output to the microcomputer MCP. Note that the peak detection circuit PEDT includes a circuit that holds the past peak value while subtracting it.

The time constant conversion control circuit TCC changes the attenuation rate of the peak hold circuit of this peak detection circuit 1) EDT. , causing it to decay rapidly. Specifically, in the initial state, in order to quickly detect the vibration of the pressure waveform, the maximum sound period time is rapidly attenuated, and in order to avoid picking up overtones when string vibration is detected, the open string period time of the string is Similarly, after the vibration period of the string is extracted, rapid damping is performed at that period.

The setting of the cycle information for the time constant conversion control circuit TCC is performed by the microcomputer MCP. Then, a counter independent of each string inside the time constant change control circuit TCC is compared with the set cycle information, and a time constant change signal is sent to the peak detection circuit PEDT after the cycle time has elapsed.

In addition, in FIG. 2, the waveform value acquisition circuit PvS1F receives the waveform signal (
The digital output) DI is directly demultiplexed to one wave height for each string, and the peak value is held according to the peak signals MAXI and MINI (I=1 to 6) from the peak detection circuit PEDT. The microcomputer MCP then outputs the maximum peak value or minimum peak value of the string accessed via the address decoder DCD to the microcomputer path. Also, from this peak value acquisition circuit PvS,
It is also possible to output the instantaneous value of vibration for each string.

The zero-crossing time acquisition circuit ZTS latches the time pace counter output common to each string at the zero-crossing point of each string (strictly speaking, the zero-crossing point immediately after passing the maximum peak point and the minimum peak point). And microcomputer MCP
In response to a request, the latched time information is sent to the microcomputer path.

Further, the timing generator TO shown in the figure outputs timing signals for processing operations of each circuit shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

The microcomputer MCP has memory such as ROM and RAM.
It also has a timer T and a sound source generator m5.
It controls the signals given to the OB. The sound source generator SOB includes a sound source SS and a digital-to-analog converter D/
A, an amplifier AMP, and a speaker SP, which emit musical tones of pitches corresponding to note-on (sound generation), note-off (silence), and pitch instruction signals that change frequency from the microcomputer MCP. . Note that it is located between the input side of the sound source SS and the data bus BUS of the microcomputer MCP. Of course,
When providing the sound source SS in the guitar body, it may be provided via another interface. The address decoder DCD is
When the address read signal AR from the microcomputer MCP is input, the string number read signal RDI, the time read signal RDj (j=1 to 6), the peak values of MAX and MIN, and the instantaneous value read signal RDA at that point in time are input. I (engine=1 to 18) is output to the pitch extraction digital circuit PD.

The operation of the microcomputer MCP will be described below with reference to flowcharts and drawings showing waveforms, but first, reference numerals in the drawings will be explained.

AD...1st - instantaneous value reading signal RDA13 to 18
Input wave height value (instantaneous value) obtained directly from the input waveform of the pitch extraction digital circuit FD AMP (0, 1)...Positive or negative previous (old) wave height value AMRLI...Stored in the amplitude register The previous Ikit width value for checking relative off. Here, the term "pre-drain off" refers to silencing the sound based on the rapid attenuation of the peak value, and corresponds to the silencing process when the larette operation is stopped and the string is moved to an open string.

AMRL2: the previous fluency value for the relative off stored in the amplitude register, to which the value of AMRLI is input.

ANE: Constant 1 for relative off judgement
/40 or 1/20 is memorized.

CHTIM...Period corresponding to the highest fret (227th ret) CHTIO...Period CHT corresponding to the open string fret
RR: Time constant conversion register, provided inside the above-mentioned time constant variable control circuit TCC (Fig. 2).

DUB...Flag indicating that the waveforms have come in the same direction FOFR...Relative off counter HF0P...
Constant that indicates the period corresponding to the scale one octave above the open string HNC... Waveform number counter MT... Flag for the side from which pitch will be extracted (positive = 1, negative = 0) NCHLV... No change level (constant') OFT
IM...Off time (e.g. corresponds to the open string period of the string) OFPT...Normal off-check start flag ONF...
・Note-on flag RIV... Flag for switching the processing route in step (5TEP) 4 described later ROFCT... Constant determined by the relative off check cycle 5TEP... 70-operation of the microcomputer MCP Specified registers (1 to 5) TF: Last zero-crossing time data that became valid TFN (0, 1): Previous zero-crossing time data immediately after a positive or negative beequil TFR: Time storage register T HL I M...Frequency upper limit (constant) T L L
I M... Lower limit of the number of cycles (constant) TP (0, 1)...
・Positive or negative Ai one cycle data TRLAB (0, 1)...Positive or negative absolute trigger level (note-on threshold) TRLRL...Relative-on (restart of sound) threshold TRLR8・... Resonance removal threshold TTLIM ... Frequency lower limit at trigger time TTP ...
Previously extracted cycle data TTR...Cycle register TTU...Constant 115 [(product of 17/32 and current cycle information j t) TTW...Constant (product of 31/16 and current cycle information 11) (product) VEL: Information that determines velocity (velocity), determined by the maximum peak value of the waveform at the start of sound generation.

X...Flag b indicating abnormality or normal state...Current positive/negative flag stored in working register B (Zero next to positive peak C...Current peak value stored in working register C) (Peak value) e... Wave height value (peak value) from the previous time stored in the working register E h... Cycle data extracted from the previous time stored in the working register H t... In the working register TO Current zero-crossing time 11 stored...Current cycle information stored in the working register TOTO FIG. , the microcomputer MCP provides a 5X number read signal RD key to the zero-crossing time capture circuit ZTS via the address decoder DCD to read the string number specifying the string to which the interconnected string is applied.

Then, the time information corresponding to the string number, that is, the zero-crossing time information, is read into the zero-crossing time acquisition circuit ZTS by giving one of the corresponding time reading signals RDI to RD6. Let this be t. Thereafter, in step 2, a peak value continuation signal RDA I (step = any one of 1 to 12) is similarly applied to the fit acquisition circuit PvS, and the peak value is read. This is designated as C.

■ In the following step 13, the values of t, c% b obtained in this way are calculated with the corresponding peak fl& being positive and negative.
Set in registers To, C, and B of the buffer in cp. Each time an interrupt process is performed, such time information, peak value information, and information indicating the peak of 8914 are stored as a set in this buffer, and in the main routine, processing for this information for each string is performed. will be done.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the main routine. When the power is turned on, various registers and flags are initialized in M1, and register 5TEP is set to O. In M2, it is determined whether the above-mentioned buffer is a slave, and if the answer is NO (hereinafter referred to as N), the process advances to M3, where the contents of registers B and C%To are read from the pan 7A. By kneading, some registers 5TEP are determined in M4, 5TEPO in M5% 5TEP in M6
The processing of 5TEP2 is performed in I and Ml, 5TEP3 in M8, and 5TEP4 in M9.

If the pan 7a is empty at M2, that is, if the answer is YES (hereinafter referred to as Y), the process proceeds sequentially to Mlo to M16, where normal note-off algorithm processing is performed. This note-off algorithm includes algorithm t, which performs note-off when the state below the OFF level continues for a predetermined off time period. M] 5TEP=O at O
If the swimmer is N-bi swimmer ≠ true swimmer, the swimmer will proceed to Mll. In Mll, the input peak value AD at that time is replaced. This is the peak value acquisition circuit Pv
This can be achieved by supplying any one of the peak value read signals RDA13 to RDA18 to S. Then, it is determined whether this value AD is 5, whether the input peak value AD<off level, and Y
In this case, proceed to Ml2. In Ml2, it is determined whether the previous input wave height value AD is off level, and in the case of Y, Ml2 is determined.
Proceed to l3, where the value of timer T > off time OFT
It is determined whether the IM (for example, the constant of the open string period of the string, of course). If Y, proceed to Ml4 and register 5T
EPKO is written, and it is determined in M15 whether it is note-on or not. If Y, note-off processing is performed in M16, and the process returns to M at the input side of M20. If Ml2 is N, then Ml
Proceed to step 7, start the microcomputer ki CP internal timer T, and return to M on the input side of M2.

In this way, the microcomputer MCP sends an instruction to the sound @SS that the level of the drum-shaped input has attenuated. Note that in step M15, a determination of Y is made in the normal state, but due to the processing described later, the register 5TEP may take a value other than 0 even when generation of a musical tone is not instructed. (For example, due to noise input.)
In such a case, initial settings will be made by returning to M2 after processing M14 and M15.

Although FIG. 4 only shows the processing for one string, the microcomputer MeP multiplexes and executes the processing shown in this figure six times depending on the number of strings. Of course, a plurality of processors may be provided to independently execute equivalent processing.

Next, a detailed evaluation of each routine that branches at M4 and performs corresponding processing will be described.

FIG. 5 shows step 0 (5TE) shown as M5 in FIG.
PO), and at 801 the absolute trigger level (note-on threshold) TRLAB(b)<
It is judged whether the current wave height value is C, and if it is Y, SO2
Proceed to step 3 and check resonance removal. Note that this trigger level is checked for each of the positive and negative polarity peaks. This TRLAB(0)
,! -TRL A B (1) is determined to be a valid value through experiments and the like. In an ideal system, TR
LAB(0) and TRLAB(1) may be the same. S0
2, resonance removal threshold TRLR8<(current wave height C
- It is determined whether the previous wave height value AMP(b)), that is, whether the difference between the current wave height value and the previous wave height value is greater than or equal to a predetermined value.

The level of the vibration gradually increases, and as a result, the change in the peak value between the previous time and this time becomes minute, and the difference does not exceed the resonance removal threshold TRLR8. However, in normal pinking, the waveform rises (or falls) rapidly, and the difference between the peaks exceeds the resonance removal threshold TRLR8.

Now, in the case of Y in this step 802, that is, in the case of 4 if it is not a case of co-parenting, the following processing is performed in &-1803. That is, this time the positive/negative flag b is the flag MTK*
1 is written to register 5TEP, and furthermore, the current zero-crossing time t is the previous zero-crossing time data T.
F N (b). Then, in S04, other flags are initialized, and the process advances to S05. 805, the current peak value C is the previous peak value AMP (b
), and then returns to the main flow in Figure 8g4.

In FIG. 5, the A beam is 2+3 of the timer tap-on (start of re-sounding), and this 806 hejjumps from the flow of 5TEP4, which will be described later. Then, in S06, the musical tones that have been output so far are erased, and the process proceeds to 803 as soon as the re-sounding starts. The process for starting the re-sounding is the same as when starting the normal sounding, and will be described in detail below.

And again, in the case of N in 801 and in the case of N in 802 (
If current wave height C - previous previous wave height 8 people P(b) is not equal to or greater than a predetermined value), the process proceeds to 805. Therefore, the process for starting sound generation will not proceed.

In the above-mentioned 5TEPO (between 5TEPO and l in Figure 11), the contents of the flag M T VCB register (b = 1
) is written, the contents (1) of register To are written to the previous zero cross time data TFN (1), and the peak value (C) of register C is the previous wave? Ir i+K A MP (1
). Figure 6 shows the details of the flowchart of 5TEP 1 shown as M6 in Figure 4. In 811, it is determined whether the contents (b) of register B and the flag MT do not match. , Y, the process proceeds to 812. 812, the absolute trigger level (note-on threshold) TRLAB(b)
<This time it is determined whether the wave height is Illi[C, and if it is Y, the process proceeds to 813. If 812 is Y, register 5TE
PK2 is set, and at 814 the contents of register TO (1
) as the previous zero cross time data T F N Cb), and further set the current wave height value C'4I at 815:,
Set the previous wave height value AMP(b). In step 811, in the case of N, that is, if the input waveform signals come in the same direction, the process advances to S16, and the current wave height value C>the current wave height value AMP(b
), and in the case of Y, that is, if the current wave height C is greater than the previous wave height 1mAMP(b), S
Proceed to 14&C. On the other hand, if N in 812, 8
The process advances to step 15, where only the peak value is updated. Further, in the case of N in step 816 and when the processing in S15 ends, the process returns to the main flow (FIG. 4).

Is that all you said? ,:sTEP11gl1Figure 17) STEPI
→2), this time the positive/negative flag b (=0) and the flag M
Since T = 1 does not match, the current zero cross time t
is set as the previous zero cross time data TFN (0), and this time [i%1i1c is set as the previous peak value A M
It sinks in as P(0).

FIG. 7 shows the details of the flowchart of 5TEP2 shown as M7 in FIG. 4. In S20, it is determined whether this time the positive/negative flag b = flag MT, that is, whether the zero cross point has arrived in the same direction as 5TEPO. death,
In the case of Y, the process proceeds to 821. At 821, the open string period CRTIO is set in the register CHTRR in the time constant conversion control circuit TCC shown in FIG. 2, and the process proceeds to 822. 822, current peak value c>(7/8) x previous peak value AMP(b
), that is, whether the wave height value is between the previous and this time. If Y, that is, if there is beautiful natural attenuation, proceed to 823, set the flag DUB to 0,
Proceed to S24. In 824, periodic calculation is performed, and the current zero-crossing time is calculated from - previous zero-crossing time data T F
N (b) is input into the previous cycle data TP (b), and the current zero cross time t is inputted into the previous zero cross time data T.
Input as F N (b). T P in 824
(b) is used as a condition for 7-tone (1,5M) in 5TEP3. Also, in S24, register 5T
EP is set to 3. Historically, among the current wave height value C, the previous wave height value AMP (0), and the previous wave height value AMP (1), the largest (K is registered as the velocity VEL. Also, the current wave height value C is the previous wave height value. Convolution to peak value AMP(b) 0 If N at 820, the process goes to 825, where a flag indicating 7-lag DUB, that is, an input waveform in the same direction has arrived, is set to IICL, and the process goes to 826.

In 826, current wave height C>previous wave height AMP(b)
It is determined whether or not, and in the case of Y, the process advances to S29. S2
At 9, the previous peak value AMP(b) is not rewritten to the current peak value C, and the previous zero-crossing time data TFN(b), which is the content tK of the register T, is replaced. In addition, in the case of N in S22, the process proceeds to S27, and it is checked whether the flag DUB=1, that is, whether or not it was duplicated when 5TEP2 was executed last time.If it is Y, that is, if it was duplicated, 328 Proceed to. At 828, the flag DUB is set to 0. In this case, the process advances to 829 and returns to the main routine. After the process of 824 and also when N of S26, return to the main routine (It E 'I'
)do.

5TEP2 (il 5TEP2 → 3 in Figure 1) mentioned above
), flag MT=1 is rewritten as positive/negative 7 lap b this time, 0 fret period, that is, open string period CHT I O is rewritten in register CHTRR, flag DUB is set to O, and further t-TFN ( 1)→
A cycle calculation called TP(1) is performed, and the previous zero-crossing time data TFN(]) is replaced at the current zero-crossing time t, and the current peak value C1 is the previous peak value A M P
(0), the previous wave height faAMP (1) is also set to a large value as the velocity VEL, and the current wave height C
The previous wave height 1 direct AMP (1) is set as .

FIG. 11 shows an example where there is an ideal waveform input, but the case where DUB=1 will be described next. m8
The figure is a diagram for explaining the operation of 5TEP2 in such a case. (A) shows the case where the - wave is skipped and the peak is detected.
Note-on is performed in step 3, and note-on is not performed when the input waveform is a dotted line. This is due to the difference in whether the result is Y or N in S26. Also, it is quite difficult to get 5 from 5TEP2.
The reason why it does not shift to TEP3 is that even if b = MT is established at 820, at 822 (> (7/8)
(b) is determined to be N, and as long as this does not become Y, 5T
This is because EP2 is repeatedly executed. Also, (B) is a case where an overtone below the octave is detected. In this case, when checking C>(7/8) .

Fig. m9 is a flowchart of 5TEP3 shown as M8 in Fig. vI4, and in S30 it is determined whether flag MT≠current positive/negative flag b, and if normal, that is, if Y, proceed to 831. In 831, (1/8)c<AM
If P(b), X is set to 0, and in the opposite case, X is set to 1, and the process proceeds to S32.

832, the current wave height a C is the previous wave height 1 [AM
P(b) is rewritten @ At 833, if the current peak value C is greater than the VEL obtained in 5TEP2, the current peak value C is input as the velocity VEL. If the opposite is true, this velocity VEL will not change. Next, flag M is set to positive/negative flag B this time.
The T is praised, which causes the pitch change side to be reversed. This is because the meaning of the flag MT changes from 5TEP4, which will be described later, and means the pitch change side. And S34
A periodic calculation (t-TFN(b)→TP(b)) is performed. Further, the previous zero-crossing time data T F N (b) is rewritten as the current zero-crossing time t.

Next, in S35, it is determined whether X=0, and if Y, the trap proceeds to 836, and checks whether the upper limit of pigeon wave number THL I M < previous cycle data T P (b) or not, and checks the upper limit of pitch extraction. As a result, if the cycle is larger than the highest pitch, it is within the permissible range, and Y.
Then, proceed to 837. In S37, a check is made to see if the frequency lower limit TTLIM at the time of trigger is > the previous cycle data T P (b), that is, the pitch extraction lower limit is checked, and if the frequency JLI is smaller than the cycle of the lowest note, it is within the permissible range, and the judgment is Y. and proceed to 838. The pitch extraction lower limit of 837 is
The constant is different from the pitch extraction lower limit of 5TEP4, which will be described later.

Specifically, the upper frequency limit THLIM corresponds to the pitch period 2 to 3 semitones above the highest fret, and the lower frequency limit TTLIM when triggering corresponds to the pitch period 5 semitones below the 7th fret of the open string. shall be equivalent to

At 838, the previous cycle data TP(b) is set as the previously extracted cycle data TTP, that is, the pitch extracted on the pitch extraction side is saved (this will be explained later in 5T).
(used in EP4) and proceed to 839. In 839,
A 1st and 5th wave pitch extraction check is performed, which is a check to see if the previous cycle data TP (b) -, TP (b), that is, the cycles between zero cross points with different polarities are approximately matched, and in the case of Y, 5301 The following processing is performed. In other words, the previous zero-crossing time data T F N
As (b), the time storage register TFR is rewritten,
Also, the current zero cross time t is set as the previous zero cross time data TF, and the waveform number counter HN
Clear CY. This counter HNC is 5TE which will be described later.
Used in P4. The register 5TEP is set to 4, the note-on 7 lag ONF is set to SE (sounding state), the constant TTU is set to O or (MIN), and the constant TTW is set to the maximum MAX. All of these are used in 5TEP4, which will be described later.

Also, the previous peak value register AMR for relative off.
L1 is cleared. Then, in the final step 8302, note-on processing is performed with a pitch corresponding to the previous cycle data T P (b') and a volume corresponding to the velocity VEL.

BO, the microcomputer MCP instructs the sound source SS to start generating sound.

Next, in 5310, the extraction period T P (b) is
It is determined whether the period HF0P corresponds to a pitch voltage one octave higher than the open string pitch of the string.

In other words, if the difference between the constant HF0P and the determined period T P (b) is within 5% of HF0P, it is assumed that the pitch is one octave above the open string pitch, and 1 is stored in the register ANE.
/40 is input at 8311, and if the pitch is other than that, 1/20 is input to register ANE at 5312. Then return to the main routine (RET,)
do. Note that the value stored in ANH is 1/40 or 1/40.
Although it is set to 20, this may be set to an optimal value through experiments.

In 830, if N (zero cross point detection in the same direction), the process advances to 8303 and the previous peak value AMP (
b) <It is determined whether the current wave height value C is reached, and if it is Y, the value is 5.
Proceed to step 304. In 5304, the current wave height value C is set as the previous wave height value AMP(b), and the velocity VEL
The velocity VELK is set to the larger value of the value C of the register C or the value C of the register C. 5303.835.83
6, S37, and S39, if the result is N, the process returns to the main routine (RET).

FIG. 17 shows a specific example of the case where X=1, that is, abnormality, in 831, which is 1/8b.

When <b, and 1/8 a! None of the judges when < a 1 satisfies the condition, and X=1
becomes.

That is, the peaks of the first three waveforms (aO
%bosat) is caused by noise, and if the period of these noises is detected and the start of sound generation is instructed, a completely strange sound will be generated. Therefore, 831 detects that the peak value has changed significantly and sets X=1.
Make 41 cuts of N at 35. After a normal change in the waveform is detected in step 831, a note-on occurs when an instruction to start sounding is given.

In 5TEP3 (between STEP3→4 in Figure 11) described above, MT=1≠b%AMP(0)←C1max(V
EL, c (whichever is larger)] → (1), TF
+t, HNC←0, ONF←2, TTU+0 (MIN)
, TTW4-MAX, AMRLI←0, Note-on condition T P (o) = T P (1) processing and AN
E←1/20 or 1/40.

Then, in response to an appropriate waveform input, generation of a musical tone according to the extracted pitch is started at 5TEP3. As can be seen from FIG. 11, a sound generation instruction is issued to the sound source SS after approximately 1.5 cycles have elapsed since the start of cycle detection. Of course, as mentioned above, if the various conditions are not met, history will be lost.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart of 5TEP4 shown as M9 in FIG. 4, in which there are route (2) in which only pitch extraction is performed and route (2) in which pitch is actually changed. First, route (2) shown in 840, S41, S42, and S63 to S67 will be explained.

At 840, it is determined whether the waveform number counter HNC>3, and if Y, proceed to 841. At 841, it is determined whether relative on threshold value TRLRL<(current peak value C - previous peak value AMP(b)), and N
In this case, the process proceeds to 842.

At 842, it is determined whether the current positive/negative flag b=flag MT, that is, whether the pinch change is on the east side, and in the case of Y, the process proceeds to 843.

By the way, in the initial state, the waveform number counter H
NC is 0 (see 5301301 in Figure 9, 840
Then, make a determination of N and proceed to 842.

For example, in the case of waveform input as shown in Figure 11,
Since b=1 and MT=0, the process proceeds from 842 to 863.

In S63, in order to check whether peaks of the same polarity are being input consecutively (duplicate), it is determined whether register RIV=1, and in the case of Y, the process proceeds to 868; , N (if it is not a duplicate) &C, the process proceeds to S64, where the following processing is performed. That is, in 864, the current wave height value C is input to the previous wave height value AMP(b), and for relative off processing, the previous amplitude value AMRL1 is input to the previous amplitude value AMRL.
2 is input. Note that in this case, the content of AMRLI is 0 (see 830 in STEP 3). Sara KS64
In , the larger value of the previous wave height flEAMP(b) and the current wave height value C is input as the previous amplitude value AMRLI. That is, among the two positive and negative peak values in the cycle, the larger peak value is set to the amplitude value AMRL1. Then, in S65, it is determined whether the waveform number counter HNC>8, and here the waveform number counter (zero cross counter that is not on the pitch change side) H
NC is incremented by 1 and counted up.

As a result, the upper limit of the waveform number counter HNC is 9. After processing SC5 or 866, the process advances to 867. At step 867, the register RIV is set to 1, the contents of the time storage register TFR are subtracted from the current zero-crossing time, and the result is input to the period register TTR. This period register TTR comes to show period information as shown in FIG. Then, the current zero-crossing time t is saved in the time storage register TFR, and after this, the current zero-crossing time t is
If =e is Y, the process proceeds to 868, where it is determined whether the current peak value C>the previous wave peak value A M P (b), and if Y, the process proceeds to 869. In 869, the current peak value cK and the previous peak value A M P (b) are rewritten, and the process advances to S70. At 870, it is determined whether the current peak value C>the previous amplitude value AMRL1, and in the case of Y, the process advances to 871, where the current peak value C is input as the previous amplitude value AMRLIK.

If a determination of N is made at 868, the process immediately returns to the main routine. Therefore, the amplitude value of the new input waveform is registered only when the peak of the new input waveform is large. (In that case, it is considered that the peak of the harmonics has not been detected.'C,) Also, when it is N at 870,
At the end of the process at 871, the process similarly returns to the main routine.

As described above, according to the example of FIG. 11, the following processing is performed for route (2). MT=0≠(whichever is larger)], HNC←(HNC+1)=1, RIV4
-1, TTR4-(t-TFR), TER+t are processed. Therefore, the difference in time information from the previous zero-crossing point of the same polarity (at 5TEP2→3) to the current zero-crossing point, that is, the periodic information, is found in the periodic register TTR. Then, return to the main routine and wait for the next zero cross interrat.

Next, a description will be given of the case where the process proceeds to route (2) shown in S40 to S5623. Now, Hasugi number counter HNC = 1
Therefore (see 866), proceed to 840 or 11) 842.

842, in the case shown in FIG. 11, MT=O1b=o
Therefore, the answer is Y and the process proceeds to 843. At 843, it is determined whether register RIV=1. The register RIV is already set to 1 in the route (see S67).
Therefore, the determination at 843 is Y in this case, and the process proceeds to S44.0 At 844, it is determined whether register 5TEP=4, and in the case of Y, the process proceeds to 845. In 845, it is determined whether the current wave height value c<60H (H indicates the 16th cycle expression), and the amplitude value AMR of the previous NEX when the current wave height value is large is determined.
It is determined whether L2 is Y (1), the process proceeds to 847, and the relative off counter FOFR is set to O. This relative-off processing will be described later.

Then, at 848, period calculation is performed. Specifically, (the current zero-crossing time is the previous zero-crossing time data TF) is the current cycle information 11 and the upper limit of the number of registers TH.
It is determined whether L I M (the upper limit after the start of sound generation), and if Y, the process advances to S50.

8490 frequency upper limit THLIM is 836 of 5TEP3
The upper limit of the permissible range of the trigger (starting sound) frequency used in
(equivalent to a pitch period of ~3 semitones). Next, at 850, the following processing is performed. That is, the register RIV'&O is set, the current zero-crossing time t is input as the previous zero-crossing time data TF, and the previous peak value AMP(b) is input as the previous wave peak value e.
Further, the current peak value C is inputted to the previous revised peak value AMP(b).

Then, after the processing in 850, the process advances to 851, and in 851,
Frequency lower limit TLLIM>It is determined whether the current cycle information 11 is ". If Y, that is, if the current cycle is below the lower limit of the pitch extraction range during note-on, the process advances to S52.

In this case, the lower frequency limit TLLIM is set, for example, one octave below the open string scale. In other words, 5TEP
The allowable range is widened compared to the lower frequency limit T T L I M (see 837) of No. 3. By doing this, it becomes possible to respond to frequency changes by operating the tremolo arm, etc.

Therefore, the process proceeds to 852 only when the upper and lower limits of the frequency fall within the permissible range; otherwise, the process proceeds to 852.
9,851 returns to the main routine.

Next, in S52, the cycle data TTP or the cycle data h extracted two times before is input, and the current cycle information 11 is input to the cycle data TTPK extracted last time. Then, in 853, the current peak value C is written to the velocity VEL, and the process proceeds to 854. In S54, no change level NC
A determination is made as to whether or not HLV>(same peak value e from the previous time - current high peak value C), and in the case of Y, the process proceeds to 855.

In other words, the previous wave height of the same polarity is 1 straight (e=AMP(b)
) and the current wave height value C, the difference will exceed NCHLV, and in such a case, if the pitch is changed based on the extracted period information, an unnatural sound will occur. After a high change, return to the main routine.

Next, if Y in 854, relative off counter FO
It is determined whether FR=o. When performing relative off processing, which will be described later, the relative off counter F
OFR is no longer O, and even in such a case, it is 855 without performing pitch change processing (see S61).
Make a negative decision and return to the main routine. Then, when the judgment is Y in S55, 856, S5
Proceed sequentially to step 7.

Here, the two-wave three-value matching condition is determined. In S56, the current cycle information ttX2-7<1 current cycle information 11 - the cycle data h1 before the previous time is determined, and in the case of Y, the process advances to 857, and in S57, the current cycle information ttX2-'<1 current cycle information 11-The content 1 of the period register TTR is determined, and in the case of Y, the process proceeds to 858@ That is, in 856, the current period information tt in FIG.
(see 843) is the previous cycle data h (=TTP) (
852)) and determines whether the value substantially matches the value of 857.
Then, the value of the current cycle information 11 is the cycle T that overlaps with it.
Does it almost match TR? to decide. The limit range is ♂-7Xtt, and the value is set as a trap so that it changes depending on the cycle information button. Of course, this may be done with one fixed shift, but the technique adopted in this embodiment can provide better results.

In the next step 858, it is determined whether the current cycle information 11>constant TTU, and if Y, the process advances to 859, where it is determined whether the current cycle information 11<constant T T W, and Y
If so, proceed to 860. Note that 55a859 is a judgment for not allowing sudden pitch changes.

In other words, the constant TTU of 858 is now set to 0 in 5301 of S T E P 3, and the constant TTW is also set to the value of MAX, and when passing through this 70- for the first time, the judgment of Y is always made at 858.859. After that, in 562, which will be described later, the constant TTU is (17/32)
tt (period information of approximately one octave treble) is set,
Similarly, the constant TTW is (31/16)tt(
1-octave bass period information) is set. Therefore, if there is a sudden octave amplification (this happens when you release a fret to perform a mute operation) or an octave down (this happens when you miss the peak of the waveform), If the pitch is changed, it will look unnatural, so pinch it to avoid changing the pitch.

If a determination of Y is made at 858.859, the process proceeds to 860 next. At 860, a determination is made as to whether register 5TEP=4, in which case 861
Proceed to. At 861, the pitch is changed from the microcomputer MCP to the sound source SS (based on the current cycle information 11),
Proceeding to 862, the time constant is changed in accordance with the current cycle information it, and the constant TTU is rewritten to (17/32)
/16)X Rewritten to current cycle information 11.

In other words, as will be described later, 5TEP=5 only when relative off processing is performed, but in that case,
Change the time constant without changing the pitch.

This time constant change processing means that the microcomputer MCP sets data based on the value of the current cycle information 11 in the register inside the time constant conversion control circuit TCC shown in FIG. This is as already explained.

[<8621 is the same as explained in aK No. 91/)s 310vcte, and in 8621, it is judged whether the difference between the period 11 extracted this time and the constant HF0P is within 5% of HF0P, and this 5621 If Y, in 8622, set the value of l/40 to register ANE, and
If N at 621, register ANE at 5623
Set a value of 1/20 to . Then, the process returns to the main routine (RET). Therefore, as described above, the following processing is performed for route (2) as shown in FIG.

Sunawachi, HNC=1, MT=0=b, RIV;1, F
OFR←0.11←(t-TF), RIV←0, TF+
t%e+AMP(0), AMP(0)4-c, h
4-T T P , T T P 4-t t ,
V E L +c, and further, ■TTPj-1TTR-t t.

■TTU<t t<TTW.

■AMP (0) -c <Group CHLV When the three conditions are satisfied, the pitch is changed according to tt. After that, TT
U←(17/32)Xtt.

TTW←(31/16)Xtt is performed. Soshite A
Perform N E + 1/20 or 1/4o.

Therefore, in route (2), a pinch change is performed on the actual sound source SS, and in the following zero-cross interwoven, the processing of route (2) is performed, and similarly, in the subsequent zero-cross interwoven, the processing of root (2) is performed.

In this way, in route ■, the period is simply extracted (S6
7), and in route (2), an actual pitch change (see S61) and a time constant change process (see S62) are performed.

In addition, in S40 in 5TEP4, after the waveform number counter HNC is counted up so that it exceeds 3 in 866 of route (2), a determination of Y is made, and then the process goes to 841 to detect a relative-on condition. This is c-AMP(b) > T RL RL,
This happens when the current amplitude value exceeds the threshold TRLRL compared to the previous S@1 direct AMRL1, that is, when the same string is picked again after the string operation (by tremolo narrowing method, etc.). In this case, in order to process the relative on in S41, steps S41 to S7 are performed.
Proceeding to step 8, the cycle CHTIM of the wave height offlet (for example, 22nd fret) is set in the time constant change register CHTRR of the time constant conversion 1llil control circuit TCC. Thereafter, the process proceeds to SO6 in FIG. 5, where the note-off of the musical tone being generated is performed, and the replay is started.

According to normal performance operations, 840, S41. Proceed to S42, and proceed to route ■ or route ■ described above.

Next, relative off processing will be explained with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13. In other words, when transitioning from the state where the fret i is being played to the open string state, the amplitude level of the waveform drops rapidly, and the difference between the previous wave height value AMRL2 and the previous wave height value AMRLI exceeds ANE-AMRL2. Then, the process proceeds from 846 to 874. Here register AN
The value of H is 1/40 if the pitch is one octave above the open string, and is 1/20 otherwise.

Therefore, in the former case, relative off processing is performed even for gradual attenuation of the waveform signal. 874 to 875 so that the relative off counter FOFR counts up until it exceeds the constant ROFCT.
Proceed to. At this time, go from S75 to 848 and 849-8
55 is performed, but since FOFR is not 0, the process returns to the main routine without changing the pitch immediately before entering relative off processing.

Then, if it is determined Y at 874, that is, in the example of FIG. 13, when the value of FOFH is 3 (ROFCT is 2
), go from 874 to 875.

However, if the judgment in S46 is Y even once, the process proceeds from 846 to 847 and the FOFR is reset. Therefore, unless the 8460 condition is satisfied the number of times specified by ROFCT, relative off processing is not performed.

Note that if the value of ROFCT is set to a large value for strings with high pitches, relative off processing can be performed for any string in approximately -10 seconds.

Then, when the process goes from 874 to 876, the relative off counter FOFR is reset, the register 5TEP is set to 5, and the process goes to S77 to instruct the sound source SS to note off. When this 5TEP is 5, the pitch extraction process is
The trap is executed as in TEP4, but the process proceeds from 860 to S62 without going through 861, so for the sound source SS, it is pinned, and when 5TEP is 5, it accepts relative on processing (S41.578 ), in other cases, during the main flow of FIG. 4, it is detected that the vibration level has decreased, and 5TEP becomes 0 at M14, returning to the initial state ThK.

In addition, A M RL 1 , A M used in 846
RL2 is made with 864, and the peak with the higher level in one cycle (one of the maximum peak and minimum peak)
is assumed to be this value, and in the example of Fig. 13, the maximum peak a)
(is always a dog from ilk/J-peak bk-x, and an+1 and an+2, an+2 and an+3
, an+3 and an+4 all exceed a predetermined value.

At this time, in the process of route (2), since the minimum peaks bn+1, bn+2, and bn+3 have been extremely reduced, a determination of N is made in S54, the process returns to the main routine, and no pitch change process is performed.

Next, we will explain the process to be performed when overtones in an octave relationship, that is, sounds an octave higher or an octave lower, are successively detected during pinch extraction.

As already explained, in 858, when 11 does not exceed TTU, that is, when it becomes smaller than the value TTU multiplied by 17/32 of the previously extracted period, the process proceeds to 876. In other words, when an octave higher note is extracted, it is treated as a minito operation by removing your finger from the specified 7th let, and goes from 858 to 876 without outputting an octave higher note, just like when Relative is turned off. 876, S77
The pronunciation of the sound is stopped by this process.

Also, in 859, when 11 does not exceed TTW,
In other words, when the value TTW is greater than the value TTW multiplied by 3]/16 of the previously extracted period, the process returns to the main routine without proceeding to 860.

This state is shown in FIG. Normally, if the waveform is very small near note-off, other pinking will cause the waveform to be superimposed by the hexapic amp's crossed oak or body resonance.

Then, for example, the input waveform becomes as shown in Fig. 14, and 1
Input waveforms an octave lower may be detected continuously.

In such a case, if processing is not performed, the sound will suddenly be output an octave lower, resulting in an extremely unnatural sound. Therefore, Tan+zS Tan+ in 857, S56
Even if 3'q T bn+2 is detected, T an+3
)Tan+IX(31/16), so the process returns to the main routine from 859 without making any changes.

Next, a case where a double waveform is extracted, that is, a case where zero-crossing points of the same polarity arrive one after another will be explained. FIG. 15 shows an example when MT=1, and since the fundamental wave period and the period of the harmonic component are in a non-integer multiple relationship,
The phase of the doubles will shift and a zero cross of the same polarity will be detected, so you must be careful not to change the pitch incorrectly.

Therefore, at the time of zero cross 4) L (which is an honor compared to the double figure)
If an+3) is greater than (an+2), S72
Make a determination of Y and set the value of (an+3) to AMP(1). If the opposite is the case, no change processing is performed.

By the way, in the case of this double, the extracted time data is not used at all, so the cycle information Tan+a does not change in any way. Also, naturally, the pitch is not changed based on the periodic data.

Similarly, FIG. 16 shows an example of waveform duplication, where MT=
00 status is shown. At this time as well, a state of overlap occurs at the locations indicated as overlap in the figure. In this case, go from 842 to 863, make a Y decision, and go to 868.
go to 868, in this case (an+2) and (an
+a) and (an+a) becomes (an+2)
Only when it is larger, go to 869 and change AMP (1). In this case, the previous @width value AMRLI and the current amplitude information (crest value C) are further compared in step 870, and if Y, the process advances to S71 and the current amplitude information C is set to the previous amplitude value AMRL1. do.

In this way, even if the waveform is doubled due to overtone effects, pitch change processing will not be performed unless 856 and 857 are satisfied.

According to this embodiment, the extracted pitch is approximately one octave higher than the open string pitch of the hundredth string (HFOP).
), see Figure 9 8310 and Figure 10 8621), and as a result, even if you remove your finger from the fret, the attenuation is slow and the pitch is approximately one octave higher than the open string pitch. As you can see, the value that determines the attenuation rate when judging relative off is set to a gentle value, that is, AN
8311, 5622, assuming E is 1/40); otherwise, 5312, 862, assuming ANE is 1/20.
3). Then, the condition for relative off is set as the 10th condition.
As shown at 846 in the figure, AMRL2-AMRL1 is ANE-AMRL2. By summing in this way, you can move your fingers from the state where you have picked the string by performing a reflex operation with a pitch approximately one octave above the open string pitch to the fret. Even if the mute state changes when the fret is released, the mute operation can be reliably detected, and the same result can be obtained when the mute operation is performed from a fret operation at another height.

Further, according to the above embodiment, if the attenuation rate of the waveform signal level of the larger absolute value of the maximum peak value and the minimum peak value of the input waveform signal is equal to or greater than the predetermined side sum, the silencing operation is performed. As a result, even if the input waveform signal is attenuated on one side (this is because the waveform that has passed through the low-pass filter is generally not vertically symmetrical) or the input waveform signal is in a region with a small peak value, the relative off function can be applied. can be detected, and musical tones that the performer has instructed to mute will not continue to be produced.

That is, as shown at 864 in FIG. 10, the largest peak value within one cycle is input as the previous amplitude value AMRL1, and the value before -cycle is the amplitude value of the time before the previous time. It is now stored in AMRL2,
Moreover, as shown in 846, the amplitude value AMRL 1 and AMR
Latape-off is determined from the attenuation ratio of L and 2.
If this condition is satisfied a predetermined number of times in succession, it is assumed that the mute operation has been performed, and the process proceeds to S74,876.877.
Note off. In this case, the relative off counter FOFR counts the number of decreases, and the constant ROFCT determines the predetermined number of times. Also, S47
As shown in FIG. 13, the counter FOFR is cleared if there is no decrease of ANE/AMRL2 or more even once (see FIG. 13).

For this reason, according to this embodiment, relative off can be detected even if the input waveform signal is attenuated on one side or the input waveform signal has a small peak value.

Note that the method of detecting the attenuation of the peak value of the waveform signal is not limited to the above embodiment, and may be performed in other ways. For example, when it is detected that both the maximum peak value (positive side peak value) and minimum peak value (negative side peak value) of the waveform signal generated as a result of string operation have attenuated by a predetermined level or more, the relative switch is turned off. Let the processing take place.

In this case as well, when the extracted pitch is approximately one octave higher than the open string pitch, the conditions for the attenuation rate of the peak value are made gentler, and a smaller attenuation rate is detected compared to other pitches. to give instructions to mute the sound.

In addition, in the above embodiment, the period is extracted from the interval between each zero-crossing point after the maximum peak point and the minimum peak point, but other methods, such as the time interval between the maximum peak points or the minimum peak point, may be used. Periods may be extracted from . Further, the circuit configuration can be variously changed accordingly.

Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the present invention is applied to an electronic guitar (
Although it was applied to guitar synthesizers), it is not limited to that. The present invention can be applied to any type of musical instrument or device that performs pitch extraction and generates a tone signal different from the original signal.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the present invention, the extracted pitch is wI of the open string pitch of the string! A determination means determines whether the pitch is one octave higher or not, and when the pitch is approximately one octave higher, detection detects that the peak value of the waveform signal corresponding to string vibration has attenuated by a predetermined level or more. Since we have set the detection conditions of the means to be gentler and set the condition change means to 5, which detects a small attenuation rate and issues a mute instruction, mute operations for any pitch can be detected with certainty, and the performer's intention can be detected. You can mute the sound.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of an input control device for an electronic musical instrument according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of the pitch extraction digital circuit shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the microcomputer shown in FIG. 2. a flowchart showing the interrupt handling routine of
Figure 4 is a flowchart showing the main processing routine of the microcomputer in Figure 2, Figures m5 to 7, Figures 9 and 10.
Each figure is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the microcomputer's "valley steps" in FIG. 2, and each of FIGS. 8 and 11 to 17 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of each step. PA...Pitch extraction analog circuit, PD...Pinch extraction digital circuit, MCP...Microcomputer, SS...
Sound source, PEDT: peak detection circuit, ZTS: zero cross time acquisition circuit, TCC: time constant conversion control circuit, PVS: peak value acquisition circuit.

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) The pitch of a waveform signal generated by string vibration is extracted by a pitch extraction means, a musical tone of the corresponding pitch is generated from a sound source means, and the peak value of the waveform signal is attenuated to a predetermined level or more. In an electronic stringed instrument, when the detection means detects the sound, the sound source means is instructed to mute the sound from the mute instruction means, wherein the pitch extracted by the pitch extraction means is approximately one octave higher than the open string pitch of the string. a determining means for determining whether or not the string indicates a pitch, and when the determining means determines that the extracted pitch indicates a pitch approximately one octave higher than the open string pitch of the string;
Condition changing means that makes the condition of the attenuation rate of the peak value of the waveform signal detected by the detection means gentle, and causes the mute instruction means to issue a mute instruction when a small attenuation rate is detected. An electronic stringed instrument characterized by: (2) The electronic stringed instrument according to claim 1, wherein the detection means detects that the maximum peak value of the absolute value of the waveform signal has attenuated by the predetermined level or more. (3) The detection means detects that both the maximum peak value and the minimum peak value of the waveform signal have attenuated by the predetermined level or more. electronic stringed instrument.