JP2661065B2 - Sound control device - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a sound control device for various electronic musical instruments including an electronic stringed musical instrument such as an electronic guitar, and more particularly to a method for extracting a pitch from an input waveform signal thereof without error. The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument input control device capable of reducing mistracking. [Prior Art] Conventionally, a pitch (fundamental frequency) is extracted from a waveform signal generated by a performance operation of a natural musical instrument, and a sound source device formed of an electronic circuit is controlled to artificially obtain a sound such as a musical sound. Various electronic musical instruments have been developed. An example of this type of electronic musical instrument is an electronic guitar with a tremolo arm, which can change the pitch of a sounding string extremely. [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, since the electronic guitar requires a wide range, the allowable range of the pitch is expanded beyond the upper and lower limits of the pitch specified by each fret. I have to. However, the wider such a pitch extraction sound range restriction range is, the higher the possibility that a musical tone is generated at a cycle that is erroneously extracted. By the way, even in such an electronic guitar with a tremolo arm, at the time of picking operation, sounding is started at a pitch corresponding to the original fret, and thereafter, the tremolo arm is mostly operated. This is a performance
This is because it is difficult to pick a string while operating the tremolo arm, and therefore it is considered that it is impossible to instruct the start of sounding immediately at the limit of the range in which sound can be generated. [Purpose of the Invention] The present invention has been made in view of the fact that the limit range of pitch extraction at the start of sound generation and thereafter can be changed for the above-described reason, and mistracking at the time of picking can be reduced. It is an object to provide a pronunciation control device. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a pitch extracting means for extracting a pitch of an input waveform signal, and an instruction means for instructing generation of a musical tone having a pitch corresponding to the pitch extracted by the pitch extracting means. And instructing the pitch extraction means to extract a pitch falling within a first predetermined frequency range when the instruction means does not instruct generation of a musical tone, and the instruction means instructs generation of a musical sound. If so, an instruction is issued to extract a pitch that falls within a second predetermined frequency range wider than the first predetermined frequency range, and control is performed to supply the extracted pitch to the instruction means based on the instruction. And control means. Specifically, as in the embodiment described later, the pitch extraction range limitation range (first predetermined frequency range) at the start of sound generation is set to the upper limit THLIM and the lower limit TTLIM, and the pitch extraction range limit range (second time limit) after the start of sound generation is set. , The upper limit THLIM (same as the upper limit at the start of sound generation) and the lower limit TLLIM, and the frequencies specified by the TTLIM and TLLIM are different. . That is, the lower limit TLLIM after the start of sound generation designates a lower frequency than the lower limit at the start of sound generation (frequency lower limit at the time of trigger) TTLIM. In this way, the permissible range is limited to the lower limit of the frequency only, because there is a possibility of picking while performing the choking operation.
It is the same at the start of pronunciation and after the start of pronunciation. At the start of sound generation, the frequency cannot be lowered except for the operation of the tremolo arm. Of course, if such a choking operation is not performed at the start of sound generation, the upper limit of the frequency may be strictly limited at the start of sound generation. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Here, a case in which the present invention is applied to an electronic guitar will be described as an example. The same applies to musical instruments. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the entire circuit. A pitch extraction analog circuit PA is provided on each of six strings stretched on, for example, an electronic guitar body (not shown), and converts the vibration of the strings into an electric signal. And a zero-cross signal Zi (i = 1 to
6) and a waveform signal Wi (i = 1 to 6), and converting means for converting these signals into a time-division serial zero-cross signal ZCR and a digital output (time-division waveform signal) D1, for example, an analog It has a digital converter A / D. The pitch extraction digital circuit PD includes a peak detection circuit PEDT, a time constant conversion control circuit TCC, a peak value acquisition circuit PVS, and a zero cross time acquisition circuit ZTS as shown in FIG. 2, and a serial zero cross from the pitch extraction analog circuit PA. signal
The maximum peak point or the minimum peak point is detected based on the ZCR and the digital output D1, and MAXI, MINI (I = 1 to 6) is generated. An interrupt (interrupt) signal INT is output to the microcomputer MCP upon passing through the zero-cross point, and time information and peak value information of the zero-cross point, for example, MAX, MIN, and instantaneous values of the input waveform signal are output to the microcomputer MCP. Note that a circuit is provided inside the peak detection circuit PEDT for holding while subtracting a past peak value. The time constant conversion control circuit TCC changes the decay rate of the peak hold circuit of the peak detection circuit PEDT. When a peak cannot be detected even after a lapse of one cycle of the waveform, the decay rate is rapidly reduced. To do it. Specifically, in the initial state, the waveform rapidly attenuates after the maximum sound period elapses in order to quickly detect the vibration of the waveform, and does not pick up harmonics when the string vibration is detected. Similarly, rapid decay is performed over time, and after the vibration period of the string is extracted, rapid decay is performed at that period. The setting of the cycle information for the time constant conversion control circuit TCC is performed by the microcomputer MCP. Then, a match between the respective string-independent counters in the time constant conversion control circuit TCC and the set cycle information is compared, and a time constant change signal is sent to the peak detection circuit PEDT when the cycle time elapses. The peak value capturing circuit PVS in FIG. 2 performs a demultiplexing process on the waveform signal (digital output) D1 transmitted in a time-division manner as described above into a peak value for each string, and a peak detection circuit PEDT The peak value is held in accordance with the peak signals MAX and MIN from. And microcomputer MCP
Outputs the maximum peak value or the minimum peak value of the string accessed via the address decoder DCD to the microcomputer bus. The peak value capturing circuit PVS can also output the instantaneous value of the vibration of each string. The zero-cross time acquisition circuit ZTS latches the output of the time base counter common to each string at the zero-cross point of each string (strictly speaking, the zero-cross point immediately after passing the maximum peak point and the minimum peak point). Then, in response to a request from the microcomputer MCP, the latched time information is transmitted to the microcomputer bus. Further, a timing signal for the processing operation of each circuit shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is output from the timing generator TG shown in FIG. The microcomputer MCP has a memory, for example, a ROM and a RAM, has a timer T, and controls a signal to be supplied to the tone generator SOB. Music generator SOB
Is sound source SS, digital-analog converter D / A, and amplifier AMP
And a speaker SP, and emits a musical tone having a pitch corresponding to a pitch instruction signal for changing the frequency from note-on (sound generation) to note-off (silence) from the microcomputer MCP.
Between the data bus BUS input side and the microcomputer MCP sound source SS, an interface (M usical I nstrument D i
gital I nterface) MIDI is provided. Of course, when the sound source SS is provided on the guitar body, another interface may be used. Address decoder DCD, microcomputer M
When the address read signal AR from the CP is input, a string number read signal RDI and a time read signal RDj (j = 1 to
6) The peak value of MAX and MIN and the instantaneous value read signal RDAI (I = 1 to 18) at that time are output to the pitch extraction digital circuit PD. Hereinafter, the operation of the microcomputer MCP will be described with reference to flowcharts and drawings showing waveforms. First, reference numerals in the drawings will be described. AD: input peak value (instantaneous value) directly reading the input waveform of the pitch extraction digital circuit PD using the instantaneous value read signals RDA13 to RDA18 in FIG. 1 AMP (0,1) ... positive or negative previous (old) wave High value AMRL1 ... relative (rel) stored in the amplitude register
ative) The previous amplitude value for checking off. Here, the relative off is equivalent to a silencing process when the fret operation is stopped and the sound is shifted to an open string by canceling the sound based on a sudden decrease in the peak value. AMRL2... The amplitude value two times before the relative OFF stored in the amplitude register, to which the value of AMRL1 is input. CHTIM: a cycle corresponding to the highest tone fret (22th fret) CHTIO: a cycle corresponding to the open string fret CHTRR: a time constant conversion register, which is provided inside the time constant conversion control circuit TCC (FIG. 2). . DUB: a flag indicating that the waveforms have continuously arrived in the same direction FOFR: a relative off counter HNC: a waveform number counter MT: a flag from which the pitch is to be extracted (positive = 1, negative = 0) NCHLV: no change level ( OFTIM: Off time (e.g., corresponding to the open string cycle of the string) OFPT: Normal off check start flag ONF: Note on flag RIV: Flag ROFCT for switching the processing route in step (STEP) 4 described later ... Constant that determines the number of relative off checks STEP: Registers (1 to 5) that specify the flow operation of the microcomputer MCP TF: Previous zero-crossing time data TFN (0,1) that became valid Immediately after the positive or negative peak value Previous zero-crossing time data TFR: Time storage register THLIM: Frequency upper limit (constant) TLLIM: Frequency lower limit (constant) TP (0, 1): Positive or negative previous period data TRLAB (0 , 1)… positive or negative absolute trigger level (note-on threshold) TRLRL… relative-on (start of re-production) threshold TRLRS… resonance elimination threshold TTLIM… trigger lower frequency limit TTP… extracted last time Period data TTR: Period register TTU: Constant (product of 17/32 and current period information tt) TTW: Constant (product of 31/16 and current period information tt) VEL: Information that determines speed (velocity) Determined by the maximum peak value of the waveform at the start of sounding. X: Flag indicating an abnormal or normal state b: Current positive / negative graph stored in working register B (1 at the next zero point after the positive peak, o at the next zero point after the negative peak) c: Working register register The current peak value (peak value) stored in C e... The pre-last peak value stored in the working register E (peak value) h. The cycle data extracted before and after the last stored in the working register H t. The current zero-crossing time tt stored in T0. The current cycle information stored in the working register TOTO. FIG. 3 is an interrupt routine showing processing when an interrupt is applied to the microcomputer MCP. The microcomputer MCP sends a string number read signal RDI to the zero-cross time acquisition circuit ZTS via the address decoder DCD.
Reads the string number specifying the string given the interrupt given. Then, the time information corresponding to the string number, that is, the zero-cross time information, is supplied to the zero-cross time fetch circuit ZTS by giving any one of the time read signals RD1 to RD6. This is defined as t. Thereafter, at I2, the signal RDAI (I =
1 to 12) and read the peak value. This is assumed to be c. In the following I3, information b indicating whether the peak value is a positive or negative peak is obtained from the zero-crossing time acquisition circuit ZTS. Then, at I4, the values of t, c, b obtained in this way are stored in the register T0 of the buffer in the microcomputer MCP,
Set to C and B. Each time interrupt processing is performed, such time information, peak value information, and information indicating the type of peak are written into this buffer as one set, and the main routine processes the information for each string. Is made. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a main routine. When the power is turned on, various registers and flags are initialized in M1, and the register STEP is set to 0. At M2, it is determined whether or not the above-mentioned buffer is empty. If NO (hereinafter referred to as N), the process proceeds to M3, and the contents of the registers B, C, and TO are read from the buffer. As a result, in M4, several registers STEP are determined, and M5
In Steps 0 and M6, the processing in Step 1, Step 7 in M7, Step 3 in M8, and Step 4 in M9 are sequentially performed. When the buffer is empty at M2, that is, when the answer is yes (hereinafter, referred to as Y), the process sequentially proceeds to M10 to M16, where a normal note-off algorithm process is performed. This note-off algorithm is an algorithm for performing note-off when a state below the off (OFF) level continues for a predetermined off-time period. At M10, it is determined whether or not STEP = 0, and if NO (hereinafter, referred to as N), the process proceeds to M11. In M11, the input peak value AD at that time is directly read. This can be achieved by applying any one of the peak value reading signals RDA13 to RDA18 to the peak value capturing circuit PVS.
Then, it is determined whether or not this value AD is the input peak value AD off level, and if Y, the process proceeds to M12. In M12, it is determined whether or not it is the previous input peak value AD off level, and in the case of Y, the process proceeds to M13, where the timer T value off time O
It is determined whether it is FTIM (for example, a constant of the open string period of the string). In the case of Y, the process proceeds to M14, where 0 is written to the register STEP, and whether or not note-on is performed is cut off in M15, and in the case of Y, the note-off process is performed in M16, and the M in the input side of M2 is Return. If N is M12, proceed to M17
Start the MCP internal timer T and return to the entry side M of M2. M
In this case at 10, and when M11, M13, and M15 are N, all return to M on the entry side of M12. When the level of the waveform input is attenuated,
When the input peak value AD equal to or less than the off level continues for a time corresponding to the off time OFTIM, the microcomputer MCP sends a note-off instruction to the sound source SS. In step M15, the determination of Y is made in a normal state, but the register STEP may take a value other than 0 even when the instruction of utterance of a musical tone is not instructed by a process described later. (For example, due to noise input.) In such a case, M14, M15
By returning to M2 after the processing of, the initial setting is performed. Although FIG. 4 shows only the processing for one string, as shown in this figure, the microcomputer MCP executes the processing by multiplexing the processing six times corresponding to the number of strings. Of course, a plurality of processors may be provided, and the same processing may be executed separately and independently. Next, details of each routine for branching and performing corresponding processing in M4 will be described. FIG. 5 shows a step 0 (STEP 0) shown as M5 in FIG.
It is a flowchart at the time of (0). In S01, it is determined whether or not the tax trigger level (note-on threshold) TRLAB (b) <the present peak value c. If Y, the process proceeds to S02 to check the resonance removal. You. The trigger level is checked for each of positive and negative polarity peaks. TRLAB (0) and TRLAB (1) are set to appropriate values by experiments and the like. In an ideal system, TRLAB (0) and TRLAB (1) may be the same. In S02, it is determined whether or not the resonance removal threshold value TRLRS <[current peak value c−previous peak value AMP (b)], that is, whether the value below the current peak value and the previous peak value is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. When picking one string causes another string to resonate, the level of vibration of the other string gradually increases, and as a result, the change in the peak value between the previous time and the current time becomes very small. The difference is the resonance rejection threshold
Never exceed TRLRS. However, in normal picking, the waveform suddenly rises (or falls), and the difference between the peaks exceeds the resonance removal threshold value TRLRS. If it is determined in S02 that it is not the case of Y, that is, the case of resonance, the following processing is performed in S03. That is, the current positive / negative flag b is written into the flag MT, 1 is written into the register STEP, and the current zero-cross time t is set as the previous zero-cross time data TFN (b). Then, in S04, other flags are initialized, and the process proceeds to S05. In S05, the current peak value c is set as the previous peak value AMP (b), and thereafter, the process returns to the main flow in FIG. In FIG. 5, A is relative on (reproducing starts).
The entry of S06 from the flow of STEP 4 described later
Jump to. Then, in S06, the musical tone output so far is deleted once, and the process proceeds to S03 to start re-sounding. The process for starting re-sound generation is the same as that for starting normal sound generation, and will be described in detail below. Then, in the case of N in S01 and the case of N in S02 (when the current peak value c-the previous peak value AMP (b) is not equal to or more than the predetermined value), the process proceeds to S05. Therefore, the process for starting sound generation does not proceed. In STEP 0 described above (between STEP 0 and 1 in FIG. 11), the contents of the B register (b = 1) are written in the flag MT, and the contents (t) of the register TO are set to the previous zero-crossing time data TFN.
(1) is written, and the peak value (c) of the register C is written to the previous peak value AMP (1). FIG. 6 shows details of the flowchart of STEP 1 shown as M6 in FIG. 4. In S11, it is determined whether or not the content (b) of the register B and the flag MT do not match.
In the case of, the process proceeds to S12. In S12, it is determined whether or not the absolute trigger level (note-on threshold) TRLAB (b) <the current peak value c. If Y, the process proceeds to S13. In the case of Y in S12, 2 is set in the register STEP, and in S14, the register TO
(T) is replaced with the previous zero-cross time data TFN (b)
Then, in S15, the current peak value c is set to the previous peak value AMP (b). In S11, in the case of N, that is, when the input waveform signal comes in the same direction, the process proceeds to S16, and it is determined whether or not the current peak value c> the previous peak value AMP (b). If it is larger than the peak value AMP (b), the process proceeds to S14. Meanwhile, S12
In the case of N, the process proceeds to S15, whereby only the peak value is updated. Further, in S16, in the case of N and at the end of the processing of Z15, the process returns to the main flow (FIG. 4). In STEP 1 described above (between STEP 1 and STEP 2 in FIG. 11), since the current positive / negative flag b (= 0) and the flag MT = 1 do not match, the current zero cross time t is set to the previous zero cross time data TFN (0 ), And the current peak value c is written as the previous peak value AMP (0). FIG. 7 shows details of the flowchart of STEP 2 shown as M7 in FIG. 4. In S20, it is determined whether or not the current positive / negative flag b = flag MT, that is, whether or not the same zero-cross point as the direction of STEP0 has arrived. , Y for S2
Proceed to 1. In S21, the open chord cycle CHTIO is set in the register CHTRR in the time constant conversion control circuit TCC of FIG. 2, and the process proceeds to S22. In S22, the current peak value c> (7/8) x the previous peak value
It is checked whether it is AMP (b), that is, whether the peak value is substantially the same between the previous time and this time, and in the case of Y, that is, in the case of beautiful natural attenuation, the process proceeds to S23, the flag DUB is set to 0, and the process proceeds to S24. move on. In S24, a cycle calculation is performed, and the current zero-cross time t−the previous zero-cross time data TFN is calculated.
(B) is input to the previous cycle data TP (b), and the current zero cross time t is input as the previous zero cross time data TFN (b). TP (b) in S24 is used as a note-on (1.5 wave) condition in STEP3. In S24, the register STEP is set to 3. Further, the current crest value c, the negative crest value AMP (0), and the positive crest value AMP (1)
The largest value is registered as velocity VEL.
Also, the current peak value c is written to the previous peak value AMP (b). In the case of N in S20, the process proceeds to S25, where the flag DUB, that is, the flag indicating that an input waveform in the same direction has arrived, is set to 1, and the process proceeds to S26. In S26, it is determined whether or not the current crest value c> the previous crest value AMP (b).
Proceed to. In S29, the current peak value c is replaced by the previous peak value AMP (b)
And the previous zero-crossing time data TFN (b) is rewritten to the contents t of the register T. In S22,
In the case of N, the flow proceeds to S27, and it is checked whether or not the flag DUB = 1, that is, when STEP2 was executed last time, whether or not the flag is doubled. In the case of Y, that is, if the flag is doubled, the flow proceeds to S28. In S28, the flag DUB is set to 0. In this case S29
To return to the main routine. After the processing in S24 and also in the case of N in S26, the process similarly returns to the main routine (RET). In STEP 2 described above (between STEP 2 and STEP 3 in FIG. 11), if the current positive / negative flag b and the flag MT = 1 are the same, the 0th fret cycle, that is, the open string cycle CHTIO is rewritten to the register CHTRR, and the flag DUB is set. Is set to 0, and t
−TFN (1) → TP (1) is calculated, and the previous zero-cross time data TF
N (1) is rewritten and the current crest value c and the previous crest value AMP
(0), the largest value of the previous peak value AMP (1) is set as the velocity VEL, and the previous peak value AMP (1) is set as the current peak value c. FIG. 11 shows an example in which there is an ideal waveform input. The case where DUB = 1 will be described below. 8th
The figure is a diagram for explaining the operation of STEP 2 in such a case, where (A) shows a case where one wave is skipped and a peak is detected, and when the input waveform is a solid line, the processing is performed in STEP 3 described later. Note-on does not occur when the input waveform is a dotted line. This is due to the difference between Y and N in S26. Also, the reason why it is difficult to shift from STEP 2 to STEP 3 is that even if b = MT is satisfied in S20, c> (7/8) × A in S22.
If MP (b) is determined to be N and this is not Y, ST (ST)
This is because EP2 is repeatedly executed. (B)
This is a case where an overtone lower than an octave is detected. In this case, when C> (7/8) × AMP (b) is checked, Y becomes S2.
After 3, go to S24 and move to STEP3. FIG. 9 is a flowchart of STEP 3 shown as M8 in FIG. 4. In S30, it is determined whether or not the flag MT ≠ the current positive / negative flag b. If normal, that is, if Y, the process proceeds to S31. In S31, if (1/8) c <AMP (b), X is set to 0, otherwise, X = 1 is set, and the process proceeds to S32. In S32, the previous peak value AMP (b) is rewritten as the current peak value c. Then, in S33, if the current peak value c is larger than the VEL obtained in STEP2, the current peak value c is input as the velocity VEL. If vice versa, this velocity VEL will not change. Next, the flag MT is rewritten to the positive / negative flag b this time, whereby the pitch extraction side is reversed. This means that the meaning of the flag MT is different from STEP 4 described later, and means a pitch change side. Then, in S34, [t-TFN (b) → TP
(B)]. Also, the current zero cross time data TFN is used as the current cell cross time t.
(B) is rewritten. Next, in S35, it is determined whether or not X = O, and in the case of Y, the flow proceeds to S36, and whether or not the frequency upper limit THLIM <the previous cycle data TP (b), that is, a pitch extraction upper limit check is performed. If the period is longer than the period of the highest sound, it is Y because it is within the allowable range, and the process proceeds to S37. In S37, whether the lower limit of the frequency at the time of triggering is TTLIM> the previous cycle data TP (b), that is, the lower limit of the pitch extraction is checked, and if a cycle shorter than the cycle of the lowest note is within the allowable range, the judgment of Y And proceed to S38. The pitch extraction lower limit of S37 is different from the pitch extraction lower limit of STEP 4 described later in a constant. Specifically, the upper frequency limit THLIM is equivalent to a pitch period two to three semitones above the highest note fret, and the lower frequency limit TTLIM at the time of triggering is set to a pitch period five semitones below the open string fret of the open string. Shall be equivalent. In S38, the current cycle data TP (b) is set as the previously extracted cycle data TTP, that is, the pitch extracted on the pitch extraction side is saved (this is used in STEP4 described later), and the process proceeds to S39. In S39, the cycle data TP
(B) A 1.5 wave pitch extraction check, which is a check of whether or not ≒ TP (), that is, a check of a period substantially coincident between zero-cross points having different polarities, is performed. In the case of Y, the following processing is performed in S301. That is, the time storage register TFR is rewritten as the previous zero-cross time data TFN (), the current zero-cross time t is set as the previous zero-cross time data TF, and the waveform number counter
Clear HNC. This counter HNC is STEP4 described later
Used in The register STEP is set to 4, the note-on flag ONF is set to 2 (sound generation state), and the constant T
TU is set to 0 or (MIN) and constant TTW is the highest MA
Set to X. These are all used in STEP 4 described later. Also, the previous peak value register AMRL1 for relative off is cleared. And the last S
At 302, note-on processing is performed at a pitch corresponding to the previous cycle data TP (b) and a volume corresponding to the velocity VEL. That is, the microcomputer MCP instructs the sound source SS to start sound generation. In S30, in the case of N (in the case of zero-cross point detection in the same direction), the process proceeds to S303, and the previous peak value AMP (b) <
It is determined whether or not this time is the peak value c, and in the case of Y, the process proceeds to S304. In S304, the current peak value c is the previous peak value AMP (b)
And the larger of the velocity VEL and the value c of the register C is set to the velocity VEL. N in any of S303, S35, S36, S37, S39
In this case, return to the main routine (RET.). FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a specific example of a case where X = 1, that is, an abnormality, in S31, wherein 1 / 8b ₁ <b ₀ and 1 / 8a ₂
> In all of the judges when the a ₁ does not satisfy the condition, the X = 1. That is, the peaks (a ₀ , b) of the first three waveforms in FIG.
₀ , a ₁ ) is caused by noise. If the period of these noises is detected and the start of sound generation is instructed, a completely strange sound is generated. Therefore, in S31, it is detected that the peak value has greatly changed, X = 1, and N is determined in S35. Then, in S31, it is instructed to start sound generation after it is detected that the waveform changes normally. In the case of FIG. 17, note-on occurs when TP ≒ () is detected. In STEP 3 described above (between STEP 3 and 4 in FIG. 11), the MT
= 1 ≠ b, AMP (0) ← c, max [VEL, c (whichever is greater)] → VEL, MT ← b = 0, TP (0) ← [t−T
FN (0)], TFN (0) ← t, TTP ← TP (0), TFR ← TFN
(1), TF ← t, HNC ← 0, ONF ← 2, TTU ← 0 (MIN),
TTW ← MAX, AMRL1 ← 0, note-on condition TP (o) ≒ TP
The processing of (1) is performed. Then, in response to the appropriate waveform input, in STEP 3, generation of a musical tone having a pitch according to the extracted pitch is started. Eleventh
As can be seen from the figure, 1.5 seconds after starting the period detection
A sound generation instruction is issued to the sound source SS after a lapse of about a cycle. Of course, if the various conditions are not satisfied, further delays are as described above. FIG. 10 is a flowchart of STEP 4 shown as M9 in FIG. 4. In this case, there is a route for only extracting the pitch and a route for actually changing the pitch. First,
The routes shown in S40, S41, S42, and S63 to S68 will be described. In S40, it is determined that the waveform number counter HNC> 3, and in the case of Y, the process proceeds to S41. In S41, the relative on threshold value TRLRL <[the current peak value c−the previous peak value AMP
(B)] is determined, and if N, S42
Proceed to. In S42, it is determined whether or not the current positive / negative flag b = graph MT, that is, the pitch change side. If Y, the process proceeds to S43. By the way, in the initial state, the waveform number counter
Since HNC is 0 (see S301 in FIG. 9), N is determined in S40 and the process proceeds to S42. Then, for example, in the case of the waveform input as shown in FIG. 11, since b = 1 and MT = 0, S42
Proceed to S63 from. In S63, it is determined whether or not the register RIV = 1 to check whether or not a peak having the same polarity is continuously input (whether it is a double). If Y, the process proceeds to S68, and , N (if not double)
Proceeds to S64, where the following processing is performed. That is, in S64, the current peak value c is input to the previous peak value AMP (b), and the previous amplitude value AM is used for the relative off process.
RL1 is input to the amplitude AMRL2 two times before. In this case, the content of AMRL1 is 0 (see S30 in STEP3). Further, in S64, the previous peak value AMP () and the present peak value c
Is input to the full or amplitude value AMRL1. That is, a peak value of a large value of two positive and negative peak values in the cycle is set to the amplitude value AMRL1. Then, in S65, it is determined whether or not the waveform number counter HNC> 8. Here, the waveform number counter (zero cross counter on the non-pitch changing side) HNC is incremented by 1 and counted up. Therefore, the upper limit of the waveform number counter HNC is 9. Then, the process proceeds to S67 after the processing of 3S65 or S66.
In S67, the register RIV is set to 1, the content of the time storage register TFR is subtracted from the current zero crossing time, and the result is input to the period register TTR. This cycle register TTR indicates the cycle information as shown in FIG. Then, the current zero cross time t is saved in the time storage register TFR, and thereafter, the process returns (RET) to the main routine. In the case of Y in S63, the process proceeds to S68, and it is determined whether or not the current peak value c> the previous peak value AMP (b). In the case of Y, the process proceeds to S69. In S69, the previous peak value APM (b) is rewritten to the current peak value c, and the process proceeds to S70. In S70, it is determined whether the current crest value c> the previous amplitude value AMPL1. If Y, the process proceeds to S71, where the current crest value c is input to the previous amplitude value AMRL1. If the determination of N is made in S68, the process immediately returns to the main routine. Therefore, only when the peak of the new input waveform is large, the amplitude value of the new waveform is registered. (In that case, it is considered that the peak of the overtone is not spread.) When N in S70 and when the process of S71 ends, the process similarly returns to the main routine. As described above, according to the example of FIG. 11, the following processing is performed on the route: MT = 0 ≠ b, RIV = 0, AMP
(1) ← c, AMRL2 ← AMRL1, MRL1 ← max [AMP (0), c
(Whichever is greater)], HNC ← (HNC + 1) = 1, RI
V, TTR ← (t−TFR), TFR−t are processed. Therefore,
The previous zero-cross point of the same polarity (STEP2
The difference between the time information from the point of → 3) and the current zero-cross point, that is, the cycle information has been obtained. And
Return to the main routine and wait for the next zero cross interrupt. Next, a description will be given of a case where the vehicle has proceeded to the route shown in S40 to S62. Now, since the waveform number counter HNC is 1, (S
66), and proceed from S40 to S42. In S42, in the case as shown in FIG. 11, since MT = 0 and b = 0, the result is Y, and the process proceeds to S43. S
At 43, it is determined whether or not the register RIV = 1. In the route, the register RIV is already set to 1 (S67
Therefore, the determination in S43 is Y in this case, and the process proceeds to S44. In S44, it is determined whether or not the register STEP = 4.
In the case of, go to S45. In S45, the peak value c <60H this time
(H indicates hexadecimal notation) is determined. If the peak value c is small, the result is Y, and the process proceeds to S46. At S46, it is determined whether or not the amplitude value AMRL2 of the previous time AMRL2−the previous amplitude value AMRL1 ≦ (1/32) × the amplitude value AMRL2 of the previous time, and if Y, the process proceeds to S47, where the relative off counter FOFR is set to 0. You. The relative off processing will be described later. Then, in S48, a cycle calculation is performed. Specifically, (the current zero-cross time t-the previous zero-cross time data TF) is stored in the register TOTO as the current cycle information tt. Then, the process proceeds to S49, and in S49, the current frequency information
It is determined whether tt> frequency upper limit THLIM (upper limit after the start of sound generation). If Y, the process proceeds to S50. The frequency upper limit THLIM of S49 is the upper limit of the allowable range of the frequency at the time of triggering (at the start of sounding) used in S36 of STEP3 (therefore, the minimum period is equivalent to the pitch period two to three semitones above the highest note fret) Is the same as Next, the following processing is performed in S50. That is, the register RIV is set to 0, the current zero-cross time t is input as the previous zero-cross time data TF, the previous peak value AMP (b) is input as the immediately preceding peak value e, and the previous peak value c is set as the previous peak value c. It is input to the peak value AMP (b). Then, after the process of S50, the process proceeds to S51, and in S51, it is determined whether or not the frequency lower limit TLLIM> the present cycle information tt, and Y
In other words, if the current cycle is equal to or less than the lower limit of the pitch-extracted sound range during note-on, the process proceeds to S52. In this case, the lower frequency limit TLLIM is set, for example, one octave below the open string scale. In other words, the allowable range is wider than the frequency lower limit TTLIM (see S37) of STEP3. By doing so, it becomes possible to cope with a frequency change due to operation of the tremolo arm or the like. Accordingly, the process proceeds to S52 only when the upper limit and lower limit of the frequency fall within the allowable range, and otherwise, the process proceeds to S49.
Return from S51 to the main routine. Next, in S52, the cycle data TTP is input to the cycle data h extracted two times before, and the current cycle information tt is input to the cycle data TTP extracted last time. Then, in S53, the current peak value c is written to the velocity VEL, and the process proceeds to S54. S5
At 4, the no-change level NCHLV> (previous peak value e-
It is determined whether or not the current crest value is c), and in the case of Y, the process proceeds to S55. That is, the previous peak value of the same polarity (e = AMP (b))
If the peak value c greatly changes, the difference exceeds the NCLV. In such a case, if the pitch is changed based on the extracted period information, an unnatural high tone change Is likely to be present. Therefore,
If N is determined in S54, the process returns to the main routine without performing the processing in S55 and thereafter. Next, in the case of Y in S54, the relative off counter FOFR
It is determined whether or not = 0. When performing the relative off processing described below, the relative off counter FOFR
Is not 0, and in such a case, without performing the process of changing the pitch (see S61), a determination of N is made in S55, and the process returns to the main routine. Then, when the determination of Y is made in S55, the process sequentially proceeds to S56 and S57. Here, the two-wave ternary coincidence condition is determined. In S56, the present cycle information tt × 2 ⁻⁷ <| the present cycle information tt−the cycle data before last time h | is determined. If Y, the process proceeds to S57, and S57
In this case, the current cycle information tt × 2 ⁻⁷ <| current cycle information tt−contents of cycle register TTR | is determined, and in the case of Y, the flow proceeds to S58. That is, in S56, the current cycle information tt (S43
It is determined whether or not the value of the current cycle information h (see S52) substantially matches the value of the previous cycle data h (see S52). In S57, it is determined whether or not the value of the current cycle information tt substantially matches the cycle TTR overlapping therewith. to decide. Note that the upper limit range is 2 ⁻⁷ xtt, and the value changes depending on the period information. Of course,
This may be a fixed value, but better results can be obtained with the technique employed in this embodiment. In the next S58, it is determined whether or not the previous cycle information tt> constant TTU. If Y, the process proceeds to S59, where the current cycle information t
It is determined whether or not t <constant TTW. If Y, the process proceeds to S60.
Steps S58 and S59 are for preventing a sudden change in pitch. In other words, the constant TTU of S58 is now set to 0 in S301 of STEP3, and the constant TTW is similarly set to the value of MAX. When passing through this flow for the first time, Y is always determined in S58 and S59. After that, in S62 described later, the constant TTU includes:
(17/32) tt (period information of one octave high tone) is set, and (31/16) tt (substantially one octave low frequency information) is also set in the constant TTW in S62. Therefore, if there is a sudden octave up (this occurs when the fret is released and the mute operation is performed) or an octave down (this occurs when the waveform peak is missed) If the pitch is changed, it becomes unnatural, so branching is performed without changing the pitch. If Y is determined in S58 and S59, then S6
Go to 0. In S60, it is determined whether or not the register STEP = 4. In that case, the process proceeds to S61. In S61,
Change pitch from microcomputer MCP to sound source SS (this cycle information t
t), and proceeds to S62, where the current cycle information tt
Changes the time constant in response to
2) x is rewritten to the current cycle information tt, and the constant TTW is rewritten to (31/16) x current cycle information tt. That is, as described later, STEP = 5 is set only when the relative off process is performed. In this case, the time constant is changed without changing the pitch. The processing of the time constant change means that the microcomputer MCP sets data based on the value of the current cycle information tt in a register inside the time constant conversion control circuit TCC of FIG. This is as described above. Then, the process returns to the main routine at the end of the process of S62. Therefore, as described above, the route is subjected to the following processing as shown in FIG. That is, HNC = 1, M
T = 0 = b, RIV = 1, FOFR ← 0, tt ← (t−TF), RIV
← 0, TF ← t, e ← AMP (0), AMP (0) ← c, h ← TT
P, TTP ← tt, VEL ← c, and the pitch is changed according to tt when the three conditions of TTP ≒ TTR ≒ tt, TTU <tt <TTW, and AMP (0) −c <NCHLV are satisfied. Thereafter, TTU ← (17/32) × tt and TTW ← (31/16) × tt are performed. Therefore, in the route, a pitch change with respect to the actual sound source SS is performed, and processing of the route is performed in the subsequent zero cross interrupt, and similarly, in the subsequent zero cross interrupt. Route processing is performed. In this way, on the route, the period is simply extracted (see S67), on the route, the actual pitch change (see S61), the time constant change process (S62)
Reference) will be performed. In step S40 in step 4, after the waveform number counter HNC is counted up in step S66 so that the waveform number counter HNC exceeds 3, the determination of Y is made, and then the process goes to step S41 to detect the relative on condition. This is c-AM
When P (b)> TRLRL and the current amplitude value exceeds the threshold value TRLRL as compared with the previous amplitude value AMRL1, that is, when the same string is picked again after the string operation (tremolo playing method) Such a case occurs in such a case. In this case, in order to perform the relative on process in S41, S41 is executed.
Then, the flow advances to S78 to set the cycle CHTIM of the highest tone fret (for example, 22th fret) in the time constant change register CHTRR of the time constant conversion control circuit TCC. Then, S06 in FIG.
Then, after note-off of the tone being sounded, re-sounding is started. According to the normal performance operation, the process proceeds to S40, S41, and S42, and proceeds to the above-described route or route. Next, the relative off processing will be described with reference to FIGS. In other words, from the state where you are operating the fret,
When the state shifts to the open string state, the amplitude level of the waveform sharply drops, and when the difference between the peak value AMRL2 of the previous time and the previous peak value AMRL1 exceeds (1/32) AMRL2, S46 to S7
Proceed to 4. Then, the relative off counter FOFR becomes a constant R
From S74 to S75 to count up until it exceeds OFCT
Proceed to. At this time, the process goes from S75 to S48 and performs the processes of S49 to S55. However, since FOFR is not 0, the process returns to the main routine without changing the pitch immediately before entering the relative off process. When Y is determined in S74, that is, in the example of FIG. 13, when the value of FOFR becomes 3 (ROFCT is 2), S
Go from 74 to S75. However, if the judgment of Y is at least once in the judgment of S46, the process proceeds from S46 to S47 to reset the FOFR. Therefore, unless the condition of S46 is satisfied continuously for the number of times specified by ROFCT, the relative off processing is not performed. If the value of ROFCT is set to a large value for a string having a high pitch, the relative off processing can be performed for any of the strings after a lapse of a substantially constant time. Then, when going from S74 to S76, the relative off counter FOFR is reset, the register STEP is set to 5, and the process goes to S77 to instruct the sound source SS to perform note-off. This STEP is 5
In the state of, the pitch extraction process is executed in the same manner as in STEP 4, but since the process proceeds from S60 to S62 without passing through S61,
The pitch is not changed for the sound source SS. However, S6
The time constant changes according to the cycle extracted in 2. Then, in the state of STEP 5, the relative-on process is accepted (S41, S78).
In the main flow of the figure, when it is detected that the vibration level has decreased, STEP becomes 0 in M14, and the process returns to the initial state. Note that AMRL1 and AMRL2 used in S46 are made in S64, and the peak having the larger level (one of the maximum peak and the minimum peak) in one cycle is set to this value, and FIG. In the example, the maximum peak a _K is always larger than the minimum peak b _K −1, where an + 1 and an-2, an + 2 and an + 3.
And a n + 4 are both greater than a predetermined value. Also, at this time, in the route processing, since the minimum peaks b n + 1, b n + 2, b n + 3 have been extremely reduced, the determination of N is made in S54 and the process returns to the main routine, and the pitch change processing is not performed. Not done. Next, a description will be given of a process performed when harmonics having an octave relationship, that is, octave higher and lower octave sounds are successively detected during pitch extraction. As described above, in S58, when tt does not exceed the TTU, that is, when tt becomes smaller than the value TTU which is 17/32 times the cycle extracted last time, the process proceeds to S76. In other words, when an octave higher sound is extracted, it is considered that the user has released the finger from the designated fret and the mute operation has been performed. The sound generation of the sound is stopped by the processing of S77. In S59, when tt exceeds TTW, that is, when tt exceeds 31/16 times the value TTW of the previously extracted cycle, S6
Return to the main routine without going to 0. This state is shown in FIG. Usually, when the waveform is very small near the note-off, the waveform is picked up by crosstalk of the hexa pickup or resonance of the body due to other picking. Then, for example, an input waveform as shown in FIG. 14 may be obtained, and an input waveform one octave lower may be continuously detected. In such a case, if no processing is performed, the sound is suddenly output below the octave, which is extremely unnatural. Therefore, even if Tan + 2 ≒ Tan + 3 ≒ Tbn + 2 is detected in S57 and S56, since Tan + 3> Tan + 1 × (31/16), the process returns from S59 to the main routine without changing the pitch. Next, a case where a doubled waveform is extracted, that is, a case where zero-cross points having the same polarity continuously arrive will be described. FIG. 15 shows an example in the case of MT = 1. Since the fundamental wave period and the period of the harmonic component are non-integer multiples, the harmonics are shifted in phase and the zero-cross of the same polarity is detected. You have to make sure that you do not change the pitch incorrectly. Therefore, STEP at the time of zero cross written as double in the figure
In the process of 4, the process goes from S42 to S43, and in S43, the determination of Y is made and the process goes to S72. Here, the magnitudes of (an + 3) and (an + 2) are compared. If (an + 3) is greater than (an + 2), Y is determined in S72, and (AMP (1) a n +
The value of 3) is set, and if not, no change processing is performed. By the way, in the case of this double, no extracted time data is used, so that the cycle information Tan + 3 does not change at all. In addition, the pitch is not changed based on the cycle data. Similarly, FIG. 16 shows an example of the case of doubled waveform, where MT = 0.
The state of is shown. At this time as well, the state of double doubling occurs where double doubling is indicated in the figure. At this time, the process goes from S42 to S63, makes a Y determination, and goes to S68. S68
Then, in this case, (an + 2) and (an + 3) are compared, and only when (an + 3) is larger than (an + 2), S6
Go to 9 and rewrite AMP (1). In this case, the comparison between the previous amplitude value AMRL1 and the current amplitude information (peak value c) is further performed by S
The determination is made at 70, and if Y, the process proceeds to S71, and the current amplitude information c is set to the previous amplitude value AMRL1. In this way, even when the waveform is tabbed due to the influence of the harmonic, the pitch change processing is not performed unless S56 and S57 are satisfied. According to the above-described embodiment, even with an electronic guitar with a tremolo, at the start of sounding, the pitch extraction range limitation range of the range limitation means is controlled to be narrow, so that mistracking during picking can be reduced. . In the above embodiment, the periodic extraction is performed from the interval of each zero crossing point next to the maximum peak point and the minimum peak point. However, other methods, such as the time between the maximum peak points and the time between the minimum peak points, are used. Periodic extraction may be performed from the interval. Further, the circuit configuration can be variously changed in accordance with it. In the above-described embodiment, the present invention is applied to an electronic guitar (guitar synthesizer). However, the present invention is not limited to this. Various types of musical instruments or devices that perform pitch extraction to generate an acoustic signal different from the original signal can be applied. According to the present invention described above, pitch extracting means for extracting a pitch of an input waveform signal, instruction means for instructing generation of a musical tone having a pitch corresponding to the pitch extracted by the pitch extracting means, When the instructing means does not instruct the generation of a musical tone, the instructing means instructs the pitch extracting means to extract a pitch falling within a first predetermined frequency range. A control means for instructing to extract a pitch falling within a second predetermined frequency range wider than the first predetermined frequency range, and controlling the extracted pitch to be supplied to the instruction means based on the instruction. Therefore, it is possible to provide a sound control device that can reduce mistracking during picking.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an entire configuration of an input control device of an electronic musical instrument to which the present invention is applied, FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of a pitch extraction digital circuit of FIG. FIG. 3 shows the second
FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an interrupt processing routine of the microcomputer shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a main processing routine of the microcomputer shown in FIG. 2, and FIGS.
10 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of each step of the microcomputer of FIG. 2, and FIGS. 8, 11 to 17
Each figure is a timing chart for explaining the operation of each step. PA: Pitch extraction analog circuit, PD: Pitch extraction digital circuit, MCP: Microcomputer, SS: Sound source, PEDT: Peak detection circuit, ZTS: Zero-cross time acquisition circuit, TCC ...
… Time constant conversion control circuit, PVS …… Crest value capture circuit.

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] Pitch extracting means for extracting the pitch of the input waveform signal; instructing means for instructing generation of a musical tone having a pitch corresponding to the pitch extracted by the pitch extracting means; When the generation is not instructed, it is instructed to extract a pitch falling within the first predetermined frequency range, and when the instructing means is instructing the generation of a musical tone, the pitch is wider than the first predetermined frequency range. And a control means for instructing to extract a pitch falling within the predetermined frequency range of 2, and controlling to supply the extracted pitch to the instructing means based on the instruction.