JPH0117134B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0117134B2 JPH0117134B2 JP58228986A JP22898683A JPH0117134B2 JP H0117134 B2 JPH0117134 B2 JP H0117134B2 JP 58228986 A JP58228986 A JP 58228986A JP 22898683 A JP22898683 A JP 22898683A JP H0117134 B2 JPH0117134 B2 JP H0117134B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- film
- alignment film
- crystal alignment
- glass substrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- SJIXRGNQPBQWMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(diethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SJIXRGNQPBQWMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylbenzylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 52
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 7
- -1 nitrogen-containing compound Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 4
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004988 Nematic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002858 crystal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
産業上の利用分野
本発明は液晶表示装置に使用される液晶表示パ
ネルの平行配向用の液晶配向膜に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a liquid crystal alignment film for parallel alignment of a liquid crystal display panel used in a liquid crystal display device.
従来例の構成とその問題点
正の誘電異方性を有するネマチツク液晶を用
い、対向する電極のそれぞれの表面での液晶膜の
分子の配列が直交するように組み合わせた電界効
果型液晶表示装置をツイステツドネマチツク型
（以下TN型と称する）液晶セルという。近年よ
り精巧で、かつより複雑な情報の表示が要求され
るようになり、この要求に応ずるため上記TN型
液晶セルのマトリツクス表示が行なわれるように
なつてきている。かかるマトリツクス表示を行な
うため、分割された多数個の帯状の透明電極を２
枚のガラス基板上にそれぞれ設け、各ガラス基板
上の電極群の方向が互いに直交するように対向さ
せて構成させ、対向する電極の交差する各部分が
絵素を形成するようにし、これら電極群に選択的
に電圧を印加することによつて液晶表示パネルで
の複雑なマトリツクス表示を可能にしている。Structure of conventional example and its problems A field-effect liquid crystal display device uses nematic liquid crystal with positive dielectric anisotropy and combines the molecules of the liquid crystal film on each surface of opposing electrodes so that they are perpendicular to each other. It is called a twisted nematic type (hereinafter referred to as TN type) liquid crystal cell. In recent years, there has been a demand for displaying more sophisticated and complex information, and in order to meet this demand, matrix displays using the above-mentioned TN type liquid crystal cells have been used. In order to perform such a matrix display, a large number of divided band-shaped transparent electrodes are
The electrode groups on each glass substrate are arranged so that they face each other so that their directions are orthogonal to each other, and each part where the opposing electrodes intersect forms a picture element. By selectively applying a voltage to the liquid crystal display panel, complicated matrix display is possible.
また上記マトリツクス表示を行なわせるために
は、液晶表示パネルの光透過量変化が印加電圧に
対して急峻なしきい値特性を有していることが必
要であり、このしきい値特性の急峻性の程度によ
つてパネルのコントラストが左右される。またマ
トリツクス表示のための液晶表示パネルにおいて
は、各絵素間のいわゆるクロストーク現象を解消
するため非選択絵素にも一定の電圧を平均的に印
加する電圧平均化法が採用されている。これは液
晶表示パネルの光透過量が印加される交流電圧の
実効値に依存して決る性質を利用した駆動法であ
り、このため液晶表示パネルの光透過量が印加電
圧の実効値に応答するものでなければならない。
即ち一定範囲での周波数変化に対して光透過量が
変化せず安定であることが要求される。 In addition, in order to perform the above matrix display, it is necessary that the change in the amount of light transmitted through the liquid crystal display panel has a steep threshold characteristic with respect to the applied voltage. Depending on the degree, the contrast of the panel will be affected. In liquid crystal display panels for matrix display, a voltage averaging method is employed in which a constant voltage is applied evenly to non-selected picture elements in order to eliminate the so-called crosstalk phenomenon between each picture element. This is a driving method that utilizes the property that the amount of light transmitted through the LCD panel is determined depending on the effective value of the applied AC voltage, and therefore the amount of light transmitted through the LCD panel responds to the effective value of the applied voltage. It has to be something.
That is, it is required that the amount of light transmission remains stable and does not change with respect to frequency changes within a certain range.
液晶表示パネルは第１図に示す如く通常２枚の
ガラス基板１および１′上に、それぞれ複数の帯
状透明電極４および４′を設け、更にその上に液
晶配向膜３および３′をそれぞれ形成せしめ、両
者を各帯状透明電極４および４′を直交するよう
に一定の間隔を保つて対向配置し、周囲を封止材
９で封止し、上記間隙に液晶６を封入させた後、
ガラス基板１および１′の背面にそれぞれ偏光板
７および７′を貼付した構造になつている。 As shown in FIG. 1, a liquid crystal display panel usually has a plurality of band-shaped transparent electrodes 4 and 4' on two glass substrates 1 and 1', respectively, and liquid crystal alignment films 3 and 3' are formed thereon, respectively. After that, both of them are arranged facing each other with a constant interval maintained so that the respective band-shaped transparent electrodes 4 and 4' are perpendicular to each other, and the periphery is sealed with a sealing material 9, and the liquid crystal 6 is sealed in the above-mentioned gap.
It has a structure in which polarizing plates 7 and 7' are attached to the back surfaces of glass substrates 1 and 1', respectively.
かかる液晶表示パネルにおける液晶配向膜３お
よび３′の役割は、電圧が印加されていない状態
でその液晶分子の長軸方向をガラス基板１および
１′の表面に対して小さな傾き（以下チルト角と
称する）をもつて一定方向に配列させることにあ
り、従来はこの目的のためにSiO膜３および３′
を透明電極４および４′を含むガラス基板１およ
び１′上に斜方蒸着するか、もしくはポリイミド
の塗膜３および３′を塗布した後、この塗膜表面
を綿布等で一定方向に摩擦する（以下ラビングと
称する）ことが行なわれて来た。しかしながら上
記SiO斜方蒸着膜の場合、膜全面にわたつて均一
なチルト角を形成することが困難であり、かつ前
述した急峻なしきい値特性が得られないため充分
なコントラストを有する液晶表示パネルができな
かつた。一方ポリイミド膜やポリアクリロニトリ
ル膜、ポリビニルアルコール膜などの従来から用
いられてきた塗布型平行配向膜の場合同一の実効
電圧を印加しても周波数が変化するとそれに伴つ
て光の透過量も変化し、前述した実効値に応答す
る性能を有しておらず、電圧平均化法を用いたマ
トリツクスアドレス駆動時に、充分なコントラス
トが得られなかつた。 The role of the liquid crystal alignment films 3 and 3' in such a liquid crystal display panel is to tilt the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules at a small angle (hereinafter referred to as tilt angle) with respect to the surfaces of the glass substrates 1 and 1' when no voltage is applied. Conventionally, SiO films 3 and 3' were used for this purpose.
is obliquely deposited on the glass substrates 1 and 1' containing the transparent electrodes 4 and 4', or after coating polyimide coatings 3 and 3', the surface of the coating is rubbed in a fixed direction with a cotton cloth or the like. (hereinafter referred to as rubbing) has been carried out. However, in the case of the above-mentioned SiO obliquely vapor-deposited film, it is difficult to form a uniform tilt angle over the entire surface of the film, and the steep threshold characteristics described above cannot be obtained, so a liquid crystal display panel with sufficient contrast cannot be obtained. I couldn't do it. On the other hand, in the case of conventionally used coated parallel alignment films such as polyimide films, polyacrylonitrile films, and polyvinyl alcohol films, when the frequency changes even if the same effective voltage is applied, the amount of light transmitted changes accordingly. It does not have the performance to respond to the effective value described above, and sufficient contrast cannot be obtained during matrix address driving using the voltage averaging method.
発明の目的
本発明は上述した如き従来の液晶配向膜の欠点
を解決することにあり、30Hzから2KHzの周波数
帯域において光の透過量変化が少なく、コントラ
ストの良い液晶表示パネルを作るために必要な液
晶配向膜、およびその製造法を提供することにあ
る。Purpose of the Invention The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks of conventional liquid crystal alignment films. An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal alignment film and a method for manufacturing the same.
発明の構成
本発明は透明電極を設けたガラス基板上を覆う
ように設けた液晶配向膜であつて、上記液晶配向
膜が、分子中に窒素原子を有する有機化合物の気
体もしくは蒸気のプラズマ重合によつて形成され
た膜である平行配向用の液晶配向膜にある。Composition of the Invention The present invention provides a liquid crystal alignment film provided to cover a glass substrate provided with a transparent electrode, wherein the liquid crystal alignment film is adapted to plasma polymerization of a gas or vapor of an organic compound having nitrogen atoms in its molecules. Accordingly, there is a liquid crystal alignment film for parallel alignment, which is a film formed by this method.
また本発明は予め透明電極を設けたガラス基板
を、分子中に窒素原子を有する有機化合物の気体
もしくは蒸気を含む真空中で発生させたグロー放
電に曝し、上記透明電極を設けたガラス基板面の
外部引き出しのための電極の一端をのぞき全体を
覆うようにグロー放電下に上記有機化合物をプラ
ズマ重合させた膜を形成せしめ、次いで上記膜の
表面を一定方向に摩擦することからなる平行配向
用の液晶配向膜を製造する方法にある。 Furthermore, the present invention exposes a glass substrate on which a transparent electrode has been provided in advance to a glow discharge generated in a vacuum containing a gas or vapor of an organic compound having nitrogen atoms in its molecules, and then For parallel alignment, a film is formed by plasma polymerizing the above organic compound under glow discharge so as to cover the entire electrode except for one end of the electrode for external extraction, and then the surface of the above film is rubbed in a certain direction. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment film.
本発明で使用しうる上述した分子中に窒素原子
を有する有機化合物としてはＮ−ビニル−２−ピ
ロリドン、ジエチルアミノエチルメタクリレー
ト、ベンジルジメチルアミン、ビニルピリジンが
あり、これらはそれぞれ単独で使用してもよく、
あるいはこれらの任意の混合物であつてもよい。 Examples of the above-mentioned organic compounds having a nitrogen atom in the molecule that can be used in the present invention include N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, benzyldimethylamine, and vinylpyridine, and each of these may be used alone. ,
Alternatively, it may be any mixture of these.
本発明による液晶配向膜を製造するに当つて
は、上述した分子中に窒素原子を有する有機化合
物（以下窒素含有化合物と称する）を気体または
蒸気状態にしてグロー放電装置に導入する。上記
窒素含有化合物を気体または蒸気状態にするには
必要あれば加熱するか、不活性ガス例えばアルゴ
ンやヘリウムをキヤリヤーガスと使用して気化ま
たは蒸気化させてもよい。 In manufacturing the liquid crystal aligning film according to the present invention, the above-mentioned organic compound having a nitrogen atom in its molecule (hereinafter referred to as a nitrogen-containing compound) is brought into a gas or vapor state and introduced into a glow discharge device. The nitrogen-containing compound may be brought into a gas or vapor state by heating, if necessary, or by vaporization or vaporization using an inert gas such as argon or helium as a carrier gas.
グロー放電装置は従来より使用されている任意
の装置を使用でき、装置内は真空度0.01〜数
Torrに減圧し、電力５〜100W、周波数5KHz〜
13.56MHzの電源を用いてグロー放電させる。放
電時間は通常１〜30分でよい。 Any conventionally used glow discharge device can be used, and the inside of the device has a degree of vacuum of 0.01 to several
Reduce pressure to Torr, power 5~100W, frequency 5KHz~
Glow discharge using a 13.56MHz power supply. The discharge time may normally be 1 to 30 minutes.
上述した条件の下、透明電極を設けたガラス基
板上に窒素含有化合物のプラズマ重合膜が形され
る。膜厚は通常0.01〜1μ、好ましくは0.01〜0.1μ
である。 Under the above conditions, a plasma polymerized film of a nitrogen-containing compound is formed on a glass substrate provided with a transparent electrode. Film thickness is usually 0.01-1μ, preferably 0.01-0.1μ
It is.
本発明によれば、上述した如くして透明電極を
設けたガラス基板の電極引き出しのための電極の
一部をのぞく全面に形成された含窒素有化合物の
重合膜を次いで所望のチルト角を形成するよう一
定方向、例えば透明電極４，４′の長さ方向と45゜
の角度の方向にラビングする。かくして本発明の
目的とする液晶配向膜ができる。 According to the present invention, the polymer film of the nitrogen-containing compound formed on the entire surface of the glass substrate provided with the transparent electrode as described above except for a part of the electrode for drawing out the electrode is then formed into a desired tilt angle. The rubbing is performed in a certain direction, for example, in a direction at an angle of 45° with the length direction of the transparent electrodes 4, 4'. In this way, a liquid crystal alignment film, which is the object of the present invention, is produced.
このように本発明の製造方法による液晶配向膜
は従来の塗布型の配向膜と異なり、薄膜でもピン
ホールなどの欠陥の少ない均一な薄膜であるた
め、従来よりも膜厚を薄く出来、このため配向膜
による電圧降下が少なく、第４図にしめすように
比較的高い周波数での交流にたいしても安定な動
作性能を示す。また、一般に、プラズマ重合法に
特徴的なように、不飽和結合を分子内に持たない
有機化合物でも重合できるので化合物の選択幅が
広くなり、不飽和結合基の有無に拘らず架橋密度
の高い堅牢な膜がえられるのでパネル製造時にか
かる高温度でも安定である。 In this way, unlike conventional coating-type alignment films, the liquid crystal alignment film manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention is a uniform thin film with few defects such as pinholes even if it is thin, so the film thickness can be made thinner than before. There is little voltage drop due to the alignment film, and as shown in FIG. 4, it exhibits stable operating performance even with alternating current at a relatively high frequency. In addition, in general, as is characteristic of plasma polymerization, organic compounds that do not have unsaturated bonds in their molecules can be polymerized, so the selection range of compounds is widened, and the crosslinking density is high regardless of the presence or absence of unsaturated bond groups. Because it produces a robust film, it is stable even at the high temperatures encountered during panel manufacturing.
実施例の説明
以下に本発明の実施例を第２図を参照して説明
する。DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.
第２図は本発明による液晶配向膜をグロー放電
により製造する方法を示すための説明図であり、
第２図において、ベルジヤー１３の内部２０を先
ず真空ポンプ１７を用いて排気しつつ一方でＮ−
ビニル−２−ピロリドンをボンベ１８から導入管
１９を経てベルジヤー内部２０中に導入する。ベ
ルジヤー内部２０はＮ−ビニル−２−ピロリドン
の気体で圧力0.1〜1.0Torrに保つ。このとき下部
電極１２上に、一定の間隔を置いて帯状透明電極
４（図では３個）を設けたガラス基板１を置き、
透明電極４を上部電極１１と対面するように置
く。上記Ｎ−ビニル−２−ピロリドンの気体流入
量をベルジヤー内部２０の圧力0.1〜1.0Torrに保
つように調整しつつ上部電極１１と下部電極１２
の間に、高周波電源１４により13.56MHzの高周
波放電を発生させる。このときの電力を50Wとす
ると、ベルジヤー内部２０にＮ−ビニル−２−ピ
ロリドンの気体のプラズマ状態が生じ、かつ持続
されて、ガラス基板１および透明電極４の上にＮ
−ビニル−２−ピロリドン重合体膜が堆積する。
10分後に膜厚0.03μの非常に均一で欠陥のない配
向膜が形成される。 FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment film according to the present invention by glow discharge,
In FIG. 2, the inside 20 of the bell gear 13 is first evacuated using the vacuum pump 17 while the N-
Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone is introduced into the bell gear interior 20 from the cylinder 18 via the inlet tube 19. The inside of the bell gear 20 is maintained at a pressure of 0.1 to 1.0 Torr with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone gas. At this time, a glass substrate 1 on which band-shaped transparent electrodes 4 (three in the figure) are provided at regular intervals is placed on the lower electrode 12,
The transparent electrode 4 is placed so as to face the upper electrode 11. The upper electrode 11 and the lower electrode 12 are adjusted so that the gas inflow amount of the N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone is maintained at a pressure of 0.1 to 1.0 Torr inside the bell jar 20.
During this period, the high frequency power supply 14 generates a high frequency discharge of 13.56MHz. If the power at this time is 50W, a plasma state of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone gas is generated inside the bell jar 20 and is maintained, so that N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone gas is formed on the glass substrate 1 and the transparent electrode 4.
- A vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer film is deposited.
After 10 minutes, a very uniform and defect-free alignment film with a thickness of 0.03μ is formed.
なお従来のポリイミド膜で被覆する場合、ガラ
ス基板は清浄化が必須であつたが、本発明の場合
にはかかる清浄化は必ずしも必要でなく、直ちに
液晶配向膜を作つても差支えないことが判つた。 Furthermore, when coating with a conventional polyimide film, it was essential to clean the glass substrate, but in the case of the present invention, such cleaning is not necessarily necessary, and it has been found that there is no problem in immediately forming a liquid crystal alignment film. Ivy.
上述した如くして、透明電極を設けたガラス基
板上の外部引き出しのため電極の一端をのぞく全
面に形成された液晶配向膜を、本発明によれば木
綿、ポリエステル、ポリアミド等の布帛を用い
て、一定方向即ち透明電極４，４′の長さ方向と
45゜の角度の方向にラビングする。このラビング
は液晶分子が電界をかけない状態で一定のチルト
角をもつて同一方向、すなわちラビングの方向と
平行に配列させるためのものである。 As described above, according to the present invention, the liquid crystal alignment film formed on the entire surface of the glass substrate provided with the transparent electrodes except for one end of the electrodes for external extraction is formed using a fabric such as cotton, polyester, or polyamide. , in a certain direction, that is, in the length direction of the transparent electrodes 4, 4'.
Rub in the direction of a 45° angle. This rubbing is for aligning the liquid crystal molecules at a constant tilt angle in the same direction, that is, parallel to the rubbing direction, without applying an electric field.
上述した如くして製造した液晶配向膜を形成し
た透明電極４を設けたガラス基板１を用い、TN
型液晶表示パネルを製造するに当つては、第１図
に示す如く上述した如くして形成した液晶配向膜
３および３′を有するガラス基板１および１′の２
組を、それぞれの配向膜３および３′のラビング
の方向が互いに直交するように一定の間隔を保つ
て対向させて組合せ、封止材９によつて封止させ
た後、上記間隙に周知の正の誘電異方性を有する
ネマチツク液晶６を封入する。その後各ガラス基
板１の背面（透明電極が設けてない側）に直線偏
光板７をその偏光軸が配向膜３のラビング方向と
平行になるように貼付し、一方基板１′の背面に
は直線偏光板７′を偏光軸が配向膜３′のラビング
方向と平行となるように貼付する。かくしてポジ
表示のTN型液晶表示パネルが完成する。 Using the glass substrate 1 provided with the transparent electrode 4 formed with the liquid crystal alignment film manufactured as described above, TN
In manufacturing a type liquid crystal display panel, two glass substrates 1 and 1' having liquid crystal alignment films 3 and 3' formed as described above as shown in FIG.
The sets are assembled so that the rubbing directions of the respective alignment films 3 and 3' are perpendicular to each other while maintaining a certain interval, and are then sealed with a sealing material 9. After that, a well-known method is applied in the above-mentioned gap. A nematic liquid crystal 6 having positive dielectric anisotropy is sealed. Thereafter, a linear polarizing plate 7 is attached to the back surface of each glass substrate 1 (the side where the transparent electrode is not provided) so that its polarization axis is parallel to the rubbing direction of the alignment film 3, while a linear polarizing plate 7 is attached to the back surface of the substrate 1'. The polarizing plate 7' is attached so that the polarizing axis is parallel to the rubbing direction of the alignment film 3'. In this way, a positive display TN type liquid crystal display panel is completed.
なお上記本発明によるプラズマ重合させた液晶
配向膜３および３′と液晶６との接触角は15゜以下
が好ましい。15゜を越えると配向に斑が生じ易く
なり、表面状態が悪くなるので好ましくない。 The contact angle between the plasma-polymerized liquid crystal alignment films 3 and 3' according to the present invention and the liquid crystal 6 is preferably 15° or less. If the angle exceeds 15°, unevenness tends to occur in the orientation and the surface condition deteriorates, which is not preferable.
本発明による液晶配向膜を用いて作つた液晶表
示パネルの光学特性、特に光透過量の印加電圧に
対するしきい値の急峻性を第３図に示す。また周
波数変化に対する光透過量の変化を第４図に示
す。本発明により、窒素含有化合物、即ち、Ｎ−
ビニル−２−ピロリドン、ジエチルアミノエチル
メタクリレート、ベンジルジメチルアミンまたは
ビニルピリジンから作つた液晶配向膜を用いて作
つた液晶表示パネルは第３図および第４図にＡで
示した斜線領域内の特性を示した。これに対し従
来のSiO斜方蒸着膜を配向膜として用いた同じ構
成の液晶表示パネルでは第３図および第４図にＢ
の曲線で示される特性を示した。また市販のポリ
イミドを配向膜として用いた同じ構成の液晶表示
パネルでは第３図および第４図にＣの曲線で示さ
れる特性を示した。 FIG. 3 shows the optical properties of a liquid crystal display panel made using the liquid crystal alignment film according to the present invention, particularly the steepness of the threshold value of the amount of light transmitted with respect to the applied voltage. Further, FIG. 4 shows the change in the amount of light transmission with respect to the change in frequency. According to the invention, nitrogen-containing compounds, i.e. N-
A liquid crystal display panel made using a liquid crystal alignment film made from vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, benzyldimethylamine or vinylpyridine exhibits the characteristics within the shaded area indicated by A in FIGS. 3 and 4. Ta. On the other hand, in a liquid crystal display panel with the same configuration using a conventional SiO oblique evaporation film as an alignment film, the B
It showed the characteristics shown by the curve. Further, a liquid crystal display panel having the same structure using commercially available polyimide as an alignment film exhibited the characteristics shown by curve C in FIGS. 3 and 4.
第３図および第４図から明らかな如く、本発明
による液晶配向膜を用いた場合は、従来の配向膜
を用いた場合よりも、印加電圧に対する光透過量
の急峻なしきい値特性を有し、かつ周波数変化に
対して光透過量が安定ないわゆる実効値応答性を
有していることが判る。 As is clear from FIGS. 3 and 4, when the liquid crystal alignment film according to the present invention is used, the threshold characteristic of the amount of light transmitted relative to the applied voltage is steeper than when the conventional alignment film is used. , and it can be seen that the amount of light transmission has a stable so-called effective value response with respect to frequency changes.
発明の効果
上述した如く、本発明による液晶配向膜は、従
来のポリイミド配向膜の如き、基板清浄化、およ
び乾燥の如き繁雑な工程を必要とせず、またSiO
蒸着膜のような液晶配向の斑が発生することな
く、非常に透明性が良くかつ配向斑のない液晶配
向膜であり、かつそれそも簡単な方法で製造でき
る点を有する。また本発明による液晶配向膜を用
いた液晶表示パネルは液晶の配向斑がなく、光学
特性において、急峻なしきい値特性と実効応答性
を兼備しているためマトリツクス表示用パネルと
して非常にすぐれた性能を有する。Effects of the Invention As described above, the liquid crystal alignment film according to the present invention does not require complicated processes such as substrate cleaning and drying, unlike conventional polyimide alignment films, and does not require complicated steps such as substrate cleaning and drying.
It is a liquid crystal alignment film that is very transparent and free from alignment unevenness unlike vapor deposited films, and can be manufactured by a simple method. In addition, the liquid crystal display panel using the liquid crystal alignment film according to the present invention has no liquid crystal alignment unevenness and has both steep threshold characteristics and effective response in terms of optical properties, so it has excellent performance as a matrix display panel. has.
第１図は液晶表示パネルの構成の説明図であ
り、第２図は液晶配向膜をグロー放電により製造
する方法を示す説明図であり、第３図および第４
図は液晶表示パネルの光学特性を示すグラフであ
る。
１，１′はガラス基板、３，３′は配向膜、４，
４′は透明電極、６は液晶、７，７′は偏光板、１
１は上部電極、１２は下部電極、１３はベルジヤ
ー、１４は高周波電源、１８は窒素含有化合物ボ
ンベ、１９は導入管、１７は真空ポンプ、２０は
ベルジヤー内部。
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the structure of a liquid crystal display panel, FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment film by glow discharge, and FIGS.
The figure is a graph showing the optical characteristics of a liquid crystal display panel. 1, 1' are glass substrates, 3, 3' are alignment films, 4,
4' is a transparent electrode, 6 is a liquid crystal, 7 and 7' are polarizing plates, 1
1 is an upper electrode, 12 is a lower electrode, 13 is a bell gear, 14 is a high-frequency power source, 18 is a nitrogen-containing compound cylinder, 19 is an introduction pipe, 17 is a vacuum pump, and 20 is the inside of a bell gear.
Claims (1)
設けた液晶配向膜であつて、上記液晶配向膜が、
Ｎ−ビニル−２−ピロリドン、ジエチルアミノエ
チルメタクリレート、ベンジルジメチルアミン、
ビニルピリジンの１種または２種以上の混合物の
気体もしくは蒸気のプラズマ重合によつて形成さ
れた膜であることを特徴とする平行配向用の液晶
配向膜。 ２ 予め透明電極を設けたガラス基板を、Ｎ−ビ
ニル−２−ピロリドン、ジエチルアミノエチルメ
タクリレート、ベンジルジメチルアミン、ビニル
ピリジンの１種または２種以上の混合物の気体も
しくは蒸気を含む真空中で発生させたグロー放電
に曝し、上記透明電極を設けたガラス基板面全体
を覆うようにグロー放電下に上記有機化合物をプ
ラズマ重合させた膜を形成せしめ、次いで上記膜
の表面を一定方向に摩擦することを特徴とする平
行配向用の液晶配向膜を製造する方法。[Scope of Claims] 1. A liquid crystal alignment film provided to cover a glass substrate provided with a transparent electrode, the liquid crystal alignment film comprising:
N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, benzyldimethylamine,
1. A liquid crystal alignment film for parallel alignment, characterized in that it is a film formed by plasma polymerization of gas or vapor of one type or a mixture of two or more types of vinylpyridine. 2. A glass substrate provided with a transparent electrode in advance was heated in a vacuum containing a gas or vapor of one or a mixture of two or more of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, benzyldimethylamine, and vinylpyridine. It is characterized by exposing the glass substrate to a glow discharge to form a film formed by plasma polymerizing the organic compound under the glow discharge so as to cover the entire surface of the glass substrate provided with the transparent electrode, and then rubbing the surface of the film in a certain direction. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment film for parallel alignment.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22898683A JPS60120325A (en) | 1983-12-02 | 1983-12-02 | Oriented liquid crystal film and its production |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22898683A JPS60120325A (en) | 1983-12-02 | 1983-12-02 | Oriented liquid crystal film and its production |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS60120325A JPS60120325A (en) | 1985-06-27 |
| JPH0117134B2 true JPH0117134B2 (en) | 1989-03-29 |
Family
ID=16884974
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22898683A Granted JPS60120325A (en) | 1983-12-02 | 1983-12-02 | Oriented liquid crystal film and its production |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS60120325A (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5087669A (en) * | 1973-11-30 | 1975-07-14 | ||
| JPS50101049A (en) * | 1973-10-19 | 1975-08-11 | ||
| JPS5885417A (en) * | 1981-11-04 | 1983-05-21 | ヒューズ・エアクラフト・カンパニー | Manufacture of conductive substrate for parallel array of liquid crystal material |
-
1983
- 1983-12-02 JP JP22898683A patent/JPS60120325A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS50101049A (en) * | 1973-10-19 | 1975-08-11 | ||
| JPS5087669A (en) * | 1973-11-30 | 1975-07-14 | ||
| JPS5885417A (en) * | 1981-11-04 | 1983-05-21 | ヒューズ・エアクラフト・カンパニー | Manufacture of conductive substrate for parallel array of liquid crystal material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS60120325A (en) | 1985-06-27 |
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