JPH01168222A - Transportation of living fish - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enhance the containment density for living fish to be transported even in the transportation over a long distance, by circulating, in a specified state, water or seawater increased in the amount of dissolved oxygen at low temperatures in a container for the seafoods being kept alive. CONSTITUTION:During the transportation of living fish, water or seawater is charged through a port 2 at the end of the container 1 and discharged through an exit 10 at the other end, being circulated via cleaning device 11, cooling section 12, oxygen blow chamber 14, static mixer 15 and air separator 16. Said water or seawater, during passing through a current plate 3, flows in the form of laminar flow, approximately parallel with the axis line of the container 1, the living fish proceeding in this flow direction.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] - Object of the invention - Industrial field of application The present invention relates to a method for transporting live fish, and more specifically, the present invention relates to a method for transporting live fish and shellfish between fish farms and between fish farms and markets. Condition C
When transporting fish and shellfish, the fish and shellfish to be transported are transported at maximum density, and even over long distances. It includes anything suitable for immediate use, including natural water from rivers, natural seawater, water supply, artificial seawater, etc.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Recently, in addition to methods for preserving seafood in a live state for a long period of time, methods for transporting seafood in a live state have been attracting attention. The reason for this is that if the seafood is in the live fish state C, the taste and flavor of the seafood will be fully utilized and both product values will be increased.

However, various methods have been proposed for preserving seafood in a live state, as described below, but transportation methods include, for example,
It is only described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-227228. That is, the transportation method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-227228 is to place a storage container for seafood on a transport vehicle such as an I-rack, and blow air into the storage container from an air blowing device. It is a method of transporting goods. This f
The reality is that the i-method can survive for only 1 to 2 days after transportation, and for this reason, with the exception of some seafood such as eel, general seafood can be kept in a live state at high density for a long period of time. It is said that it is not suitable for transportation, and it is generally only transported at a reduced storage density.

On the other hand, methods for preserving live seafood include, for example,
Japanese Patent Publication No. 54-30959 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-2272
As described in Publication No. 29, various methods have been proposed, but the essential conditions for storage and transportation are different, and it is unreasonable to apply the method of preserving the oral cavity as it is to the method of transportation.

That is, Japanese Patent Publication No. 54-30959 describes a method for preserving seafood in a live state for a long period of time with high efficiency. In this method, as shown in FIG. 2, a water tank 21 is fixed, a water adjustment tank 22 is connected to the fixed water tank 21, and the water is cooled in the adjustment tank 22 by a cooling coil 23 while air is supplied. Air is sent through the vibrator 24, and at the same time, nitrogen compounds are removed by the nitrogen compound removal device 25, and organic substances are removed by a chemical treatment method in the water-soluble organic substance removal device 2G, and the water temperature in the water tank 21 is lowered. At the same time, this method maintains the nitrogen compound temperature, organic matter temperature, and carbonate temperature below a certain value, and the oxygen concentration below a certain value. This preservation method has the advantage that the metabolism of fish and shellfish is considerably lower than standard metabolism because the water temperature is low, so the activity of fish and shellfish is suppressed, and it can be stored at high density.

However, this preservation method presupposes that the water tank 21 is fixed and not subject to vibration.

Therefore, when applied to the transportation of seafood, the aquarium is more or less affected by vibrations, so it cannot be applied as is. To explain in more detail, when transporting live fish, the fish and shellfish in the aquarium are subjected to more or less vibration, and a certain amount of flow is required in the aquarium in order to alleviate this vibration. On the other hand, in order to store seafood at a high density in an aquarium, it is preferable to reduce the activity of seafood by lowering the water temperature. If it is lowered too much, there will be a flow in the tank -C
If you are affected by Fi movement, your swimming ability will decrease at the same time, so you will get 1! jl The mortality rate of fish and shellfish is 5- extremely unfavorable.

Kei, it is necessary to raise the oxygen temperature to some extent for high-density accommodation, and in Figure 2, air is sent at the same time as cooling the adjustment tank 22-C. However, even if you send air like a mouth,
The R element cannot be sufficiently dissolved, and the dissolved oxygen level in the water tends to decrease on the contrary. In other words, if the air supply amount is increased, the diameter of the bubbles becomes too large, and if the dissolved state of oxygen is insufficient, the wetness of dissolved filtration cannot be increased. If seafood is kept at a low temperature and its activity is lost to some extent, and the dissolved state of 1% W element is insufficient, air bubbles will be attached to the gills of the seafood and the oxygen in the seafood will be lost. Yield capacity decreases rapidly. Additionally, as seafood is exposed to vibrations and energy from currents during transportation, its ability to absorb oxygen decreases as shown in E, so it is important to keep seafood in a live state for a limited period of time. C.It's difficult. Furthermore, if bubbles exist in water, even if they are small-diameter bubbles, when fish and shellfish swallow them, the internal organs of the fish and shellfish often swell and die.

From this point of view, as shown in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 59-227229, a device has been proposed in which air is first sent and mixed with water, and then C bubbles are removed from the air using a gas-liquid separation device. There is. Although it has been shown that this device can be applied to transporting seafood, it was developed for fixed aquariums, and even if it is applied to transporting live fish, it will not work as described in F and C. A problem remains. Also, after mixing with air,
- Even if the bubbles are removed, it is extremely difficult to completely remove them and increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water.

Sogo focused on the fact that the transportation conditions for live fish are different from those for raising fish and shellfish, and recently, as shown in L in A,
A method of transporting seafood has been proposed that is different from the method of transporting seafood by blowing air into an aquarium. This transportation method actively applies a high-velocity flow (for example, 50cm, 5EC) to the seawater or water in the aquarium, and directs the fish and shellfish in one direction against this flow. This is a method of transporting seafood in a live state.

This method takes advantage of the tendency of seafood to swim upstream in high-speed water currents, and it is an excellent method of transportation because it gives the meat firmness during this process, and furthermore, the high-speed flow alleviates vibrations during transportation. . However, increasing the density of fish and shellfish causes them to come into contact with each other and get damaged, and due to the high flow rate,
Contrary to this, fish and shellfish consume more energy, which increases waste and deteriorates environmental water quality. Therefore, this method is only applied when -C water transport becomes acidic due to carbon dioxide gas and is actually transported at a low density.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention The present invention aims to solve the problems described above, specifically, for example, when transporting seafood in a live state over long distances, such as when transporting seafood between farms. The present invention proposes a transportation method that can increase the density of fish and shellfish to be transported in an aquarium even in the case of

<Structure of the Invention/Means for Solving the Problems and Their Effects In other words, the method of the present invention provides a means for solving the problem and its operation. Fill the water supply port at one end of the container with seawater or water in which air and P or Mffi are dissolved to the maximum extent at a temperature lower than the suitable growth temperature of the seafood to be transported, and pour this seawater or water along the axis of the container. The method is characterized in that the seawater or water is caused to flow at a constant speed substantially parallel to the drain port at the other end of the container while suppressing the generation of turbulence, and the fish and shellfish are directed in the flow direction of the seawater or water.

The structure of these means and their functions will be explained in more detail as follows.

First, the present inventors found that compared to the delivery conditions between small stores, when seafood is transported in a live state for a long time in high density, such as between farms or between a farm and a market, We focused on the fact that the conditions under which we were tormented were quite severe, and when we searched for suitable conditions, we found the following.

(1) In order to increase the density of the seafood to be stored in the container, in addition to keeping the flow rate of seawater and water in the container considerably low, it is also necessary to reduce the water wetness and reduce the activity of the seafood. 12) In order to suppress the activity of fish and shellfish while maintaining their swimming ability, the flow velocity is gentle, and the oxygen necessary for fish and shellfish to live can be easily obtained.
(3) Air and oxygen do not exist in the form of bubbles. Therefore, the present inventors have developed fish and shellfish that satisfy these conditions. The present invention was established based on the research carried out on methods for transporting fish in a live state.

That is, FIG. 1 is a layout diagram of an example of a device for transporting seafood in a live fish state used when carrying out the method of the present invention, in which reference numeral 1 is a container, 2 is a water or seawater inlet, and 3 is an inlet side. rectifying plate, 4.5.6 is a partition net, 7.8 is a seafood supply port,
9 is a current plate on the outlet side, 10 is a water or seawater drain port, 1
1 is a cleaning device, 12 is a cooling unit, 13 is a pump, 14 is an oxygen blowing chamber, 15 is a static mixer, 16
indicates an air separator. A container 1, such as an aquarium, is transported by being loaded onto a transport vehicle such as a freight car, and live seafood is placed in the container 1. In this way, the seafood is loaded onto the transport vehicle. C. For example, it is transported between fish farms.

During transportation, water or seawater is put into the water supply port 2 at one end of the container 1, and drained from the drain port 10 at the other end, and the waste water is treated as described below, such as cleaning, cooling, and dissolving oxygen. Ru.

In addition, water or seawater that enters from the water supply port 2 enters the container 1 through the current plate 3 made of a perforated plate, but the current plate 3
While passing through the container 1, the water or seawater is rectified in the axis of the container 1 or in a direction parallel to the axis, and slowly flows through the container 1-C, for example, 2.
It flows at a low speed of less than 0cm,'sec.

In this way, the water or seawater is made to flow in the container 1, and the temperature of the mouth water or seawater is lower than the general habitat temperature of the seafood to be transported, and the maximum amount of oxygen and air is dissolved therein. If the container 1 is filled with fish and shellfish at a high density, the fish and shellfish can be transported in a live state even over a considerable distance.

In other words, water or seawater flows parallel to the axis of the container, and tH
Vibration during transportation is alleviated by the flow of the water, and the fish and shellfish are oriented in the direction of flow and can be easily oriented, so the fish and shellfish are efficiently stored in the container. Because seawater and seawater flow slowly, fish and shellfish receive almost no energy from the flow, and are not wasted. In particular, even if the fish and shellfish have lost their activity at low temperatures, the energy of the flow will not damage them. In addition, even if the flow rate is slow and the fluidity of C water or seawater is slightly impaired, there is enough oxygen dissolved in water and seawater, so fish and shellfish can be provided with sufficient oxygen. Even if the initial circulating water flow is low, as the fish storage density increases, the flow speed between the fish bodies becomes relatively faster. If you say '2,
The relative flow velocity is doubled. Therefore, in this device, the amount of circulating water can be adjusted to adjust the minimum speed at which the fish swim in alignment in the -C1 flow direction depending on the storage rate and the fish species. Further, the water FJ discharged from the drain port 10 of the container 1 naturally contains organic matter and other substances. This is usually removed by a cleaning device @11 and cleaned, and the purified water or seawater is
It is introduced into the θ heating section 12, where it is cooled to a temperature approximately 3.-10'C lower than the optimum ecological temperature for fish and shellfish. Next, the pump 13 applies zero pressure, and the flow rate tf is 1.81.
111'SeC or more is introduced into the rs element blowing chamber 14, and air and oxygen are introduced thereinto. If organic matter removal, cooling, and introduction of oxygen, etc. are performed individually in this way, the amount of dissolved oxygen can be further increased.

The reason why sea water is cooled to a temperature 3 to 10 degrees C lower than the optimum habitat temperature for fish and shellfish is that when the temperature is higher than 3 degrees C, the temperature is at or close to the optimal temperature for the habitat of fish and shellfish. This is because the metabolism of fish and shellfish is rapid, making high-density transportation difficult.If the temperature is lower than 10℃, the activity of the fish and shellfish will be considerably lost, and the fish and shellfish will die due to vibrations during transportation, water flow in the container 1, etc. There is a risk of

In addition, after blowing air etc., for example, static mixer 1
5 to statically promote mixing of air, etc., and further sent to air separator 1G to separate air bubbles based on the difference in specific gravity.
It is continuously sent to the container 1 at a flow rate of 1.8 m/sec or less.

Furthermore, in the case of F, it is possible to increase the pressure to promote dissolution of air and oxygen and increase the amount of dissolved oxygen. That is,
It is known that increasing the pressure increases the amount of dissolved air, etc. For example, by increasing the pressure by approximately 0.3 kg, the amount of dissolved Pi! When the original suspension was lowered from 8 to 10.5 ppm pi' degree, and further pressurized by 1.0 kq7' cr Pij degree,
11ppmPi! At the same time, if the carbon dioxide gas excreted through breathing is quickly discharged out of the storage tank, it becomes highly oxygenated water, which enables high-density storage.

However, a pressure change of 8'/vI at the time of mouth and arrival at transportation means that the fish and shellfish move violently and are in a state of confusion, so the pressure is at most L) 1. It is preferable to keep the pressurization to a level below 'CI'. For this purpose, the pressure reducing valve 17 is adjusted to a predetermined pressure so that the carbon dioxide gas can be discharged together with the bubbles generated while pressurizing. However, the container 1 is not limited to this, and regardless of the structure of the container C, the flow at a linear velocity of, for example, 1 to 1.5 cm + SeC culm in a layered state like a flowing river. If you can get it, go for it.

EXAMPLE A device having the structure shown by the sheet in Fig. 1 was loaded onto a transport vehicle, and seafood was transported in a live state for 24 hours.The container 1 had a pressure-resistant structure C horizontal cylindrical shape (Ziao 1100). A water tank with a fence Φ x length 2000 mm1 is used, and inside this container 1, a current plate 3 is installed near the water supply port 2 side and a current plate 9 is installed on the drain port 10 side, and fish and seafood are placed between the current plate 3 and the current plate 9. type of partition net 4
．． 5.6 was established.

In addition, the upper half of the rectifier plate is 20 mm ψ x 500 pieces, and the lower half +
The one provided with 3 mm + Φ x 750 small water passage holes was used. Furthermore, in each adjustment process such as water purification, the waste water discharged from the tank 1 is adjusted using the above-mentioned equipment, and the pump 1
6 to ensure steady state circulation in container 1. Water with a temperature of 10.5°C, a dissolved substance of 0.7°C, and a pH of 6°5 was supplied to 4 filtration of such water, and a rainbow trout was placed in it, and the linear velocity of the water was 1 to 1.5 cm. ,'5
ea (relative velocity 3.75-5.6cm1'5eCIC When transported with flowing water, it can be transported in a stable state C, and the quality is that of high quality live fish, so there is no risk of death. In fact, when the animals were transported from Fujinomiya to Hachioji at an average speed of 60km/h, only two animals (one animal 20011+) died.

<Effects of the Invention> As explained in detail below, the method of the present invention not only circulates water or seawater with a high dissolved R content at a low temperature in a container containing live seafood, but also Water or seawater is flowed approximately parallel to the axis of the container, at a lower speed for small fish with a small body spacing, and at a higher speed for large fish that require a C1 spacing. There is C.

Therefore, C1 fish and shellfish will immediately start swimming toward the current during storage, which will alleviate the stress during storage and prevent initial wear and tear, and the water temperature is lower than the optimal ecological temperature for the fish and shellfish. Fish and shellfish do not jump or move violently during transportation, and are kept in a stable state.Furthermore, because there is a large amount of dissolved M in the water, fish and shellfish easily absorb (breathe) oxygen and have a high density of C. Even if there is a fish, it can be transported stably and in a live state for a long period of time.

4.L of the drawing! I11! Explanation: Fig. 1 is a layout diagram of an example of a device for carrying out the method of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is a layout diagram C of a conventional example.

Code 1... Container 2... Water supply port 3... Rectifier plate 4.5.6... Seafood partition net 7.8...・Seafood input port

Claims (1)

[Claims] When living seafood is stored and transported in a container filled with seawater or water, the temperature is lower than the optimum habitat temperature of the seafood to be transported from the water supply port at one end of the container. Fill with seawater or water in which air and/or oxygen has been dissolved to the maximum extent possible, and direct this seawater or water approximately parallel to the axis of the container toward the drain port at the other end of the container to an extent that does not cause turbulence. A method for transporting live fish, which is characterized by causing the seafood to flow in the direction of seawater or water, and directing the seafood in the direction of the flow of seawater or water.