JPH0115754Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed explanation of the invention] A. Field of industrial application This invention is a device for crushing rocks, etc., using pressurized fluid, specifically, a device for crushing rocks, concrete, etc. by inserting it into a hole drilled in a bedrock or concrete slab. It relates to a device for.

B. Conventional technology Blasting has traditionally been used as the most common method for crushing rocks, bedrock, concrete slabs, etc., but when this method is used, it inevitably generates intense noise and dust, which can affect the surrounding area. Not only does it have a negative impact on the environment, but the generated dust also worsens the working environment inside the mine and impairs work safety.Therefore, rock crushing methods that generate less noise, vibration, and dust are strongly recommended. It is requested.

In response to such requests in recent years, holes are drilled in the rock to be crushed (hereinafter referred to as the object to be crushed) in advance.
A construction method has been developed in which pressurized fluid is injected into the perforated portion and the object to be crushed is crushed by the fluid pressure, and this method is preferred for use in tunnel construction and the like.

Recently, as another low-noise construction method, a lime-based filler is filled into holes drilled in advance in the object to be crushed, and the filler is expanded by a chemical reaction, and the expansion pressure statically staticizes the object to be crushed. A method of crushing has been proposed.

Furthermore, a method has also been adopted in which a tube-shaped elastic expandable body is inserted into a hole drilled in a rock to be crushed, pressure fluid is supplied into the elastic expandable body to cause it to expand, and the rock is crushed by the expansion pressure. There is.

C. Problems that the invention aims to solve Although the above-mentioned fracturing method using fluid pressure or the fracturing method using chemical expansion of the filling material are useful for improving the problems of the above-mentioned blasting method, In the crushing method using press-in,
If there are small gaps such as cracks in the object to be crushed, there is a problem in that pressure fluid leaks from the cracks and the necessary pressure for crushing cannot be obtained. In the chemical reaction expansion, the expansion reaction time of the lime-based filler is quite long, resulting in poor working efficiency and, moreover, disadvantages in that it is economically expensive and increases the working cost.

Furthermore, according to rock crushing means using the expansion pressure of an elastic expandable body, it is not only difficult to insert the flexible elastic expandable body into a hole drilled in the rock, but also to supply pressurized fluid to the elastic expandable body. When the pressure fluid expands in the radial direction and presses against the wall of the borehole, the pressure fluid escapes in the length direction because there is no means for restricting expansion in the length direction. This causes the problem that the elastic expandable body elongates, making it impossible to crush the rock.

For this reason, it is conceivable to insert a core material such as a metal rod into an elastic expandable body and to tightly attach and fix both ends of the elastic expandable body to the core material, but the elastic expandable body expands and presses against the hole wall. It bites into the highly uneven wall surface and causes local damage or rupture, rendering it unusable in a short period of time.Furthermore, the pressurized fluid that is forced into the elastic expandable body stretches between both ends of the elastic expandable body. A strong pressure is generated to separate the elastic expansion body from the core material, and both ends of the elastic expansion body that are in close contact with the core material lift up from the core material due to the pressure.
There was a problem in that the pressure fluid leaked in the axial direction due to the gap, and the expansion pressure decreased, making it impossible to crush the rock.

D. Means for solving the problem As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the device for crushing rocks, etc. in the present invention has an opening 1 for allowing pressure fluid to flow into the inner peripheral surface side, A cylindrical elastic expandable body 3 having an annular space 2 extending from the opening 1 toward the end within the thick layer portion is configured to receive fluid with an outflow port 4 directed toward the center of the inner peripheral surface of the elastic expandable body 3. A protective cover 7 in the form of a flexible sheet is tightly fitted around the outer periphery of a solid metal core material 6 having a passage 5, and is further wound around the outer periphery of the elastic expandable body 3 so that at least both ends thereof overlap. object to be crushed,
For example, hole B is large enough to allow the above device to be inserted into rock A.
After drilling, the device is inserted into the hole B, and then pressurized fluid is forced into the fluid passage 5 from one end of the solid core material 6, and the pressure fluid is introduced into the annular space 2 from the opening 1. At the same time, the elastic expandable body 3 is expanded to crush the rock A through the protective cover 7.

E. Action: First, a hole B is drilled at a predetermined location in the rock mass A to be crushed, and the hole B is approximately equal to the apparent outer diameter of the above device.
Insert and set the device into hole B. Subsequently, pressurized fluid is injected into the fluid passage 4 of the solid core member 6 of the device through an arbitrary conduit from a pressure fluid supply source (not shown), and the pressure fluid flows through the opening 1 into the elastic expandable body 3. It flows into the annular space 2 and presses the inner circumferential wall 8 of the annular space 2 toward the solid core material 6 to increase the degree of close contact between the elastic expansion body 3 and the core material 6 and move in the axial direction of the pressure fluid. The elastic expandable body 3 is expanded outward, and this expansion force is transmitted to the rock mass A via the protective cover 7, thereby crushing the rock mass A.

F. Example The elastic expandable body 3 described above is made of rubber or elastic plastic, has a substantially cylindrical shape, and has an opening on the inner surface in its thick layer.
It has an annular space 2 extending from the opening 1 toward the end of the elastic expandable body 3. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment in which this annular space 2 is formed separately on both sides of the elastic expandable body 3 at intervals, and FIG. An embodiment is shown in which annular spaces 2, 2 extending toward each other are formed.

The solid core member 6 is made of metal and has a fluid passage 5 at its axial center, the outlet 4 at the tip thereof is located at the center of the inner surface of the elastic expandable body 3, and the rear end is located at the center of the inner surface of the elastic expandable body 3. It has an opening at its end face and is connected to a fluid injection nozzle 9 by means of a round nut 10, for example.

In this embodiment, the elastic expandable body 3 fitted around the outer periphery of the solid core material 6 and the core material 6 are screwed into male threaded portions 11 provided at both ends of the core material 6. A nut body 13 interposed with a washer 12 that abuts along the end face of the elastic expandable body 3 is integrally connected to a predetermined position, thereby preventing expansion of the expandable body 3 in the axial direction during use. .

The protective sheet 7 wound around the outer periphery of the elastic expandable body 3 allows the elastic expandable body 3 to be directly pressed against the crushing target such as rock when in use, that is, when expanding in the hole B formed in the crushing target. The protective sheet 7 is provided in a spiral shape or at least so that both ends of the protective sheet 7 overlap so that it can follow the expansion of the diameter of the inflatable body 3 due to expansion. It is wrapped. As the protective sheet 7, a flexible sheet-like material such as a metal sheet, a synthetic resin sheet, a fiber fabric sheet, or a nonwoven fabric is used.

4 to 7 show other embodiments of the present invention, and FIG. 4 shows an embodiment in which the protective cover 7 in the above embodiment is further covered with an elastic cylinder 14, such as a rubber tube. ing. According to this aspect, the elastic cylinder 14 expands in diameter as the elastic expandable body 3 expands during use, and contracts in diameter as the elastic expandable body 3 contracts after the crushing operation is completed.
When taking out the device after crushing, the protective cover 7 remains expanded in diameter and the hole B of the object to be crushed is removed.
This has the advantage of preventing people from being left behind.

Further, FIG. 6 shows that both ends of the protective cover 7 are fastened to the washer 12 and the nut body 13 via an annular elastic body 15 made of, for example, synthetic resin, and the outer periphery of the protective cover 7 is attached to the elastic cylindrical body. 1
4 is shown.

Further, in FIG. 7, a cylindrical elastic molded body 16 that covers the entire outer peripheral surface of the elastic expansion body 3 is applied as the elastic cylinder 14 that covers the protective cover 7, and the protective cover 7 and the elastic cylinder 16 are both The washer 12 and the nut body 13 are shown fixedly attached to the surface of the elastic expandable body 3, and as in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, the elastic molded article 16 is
The protective cover 7 expands in diameter together with the elastic expandable body 3, and after the crushing operation is completed, the protective cover 7 has the advantage of being reduced in diameter along with the contraction of the elastic expandable body 3, making it easy to take out from the hole B.

G. Effect of the invention As described above, the device for crushing rocks, etc. according to the present invention has a cylindrical shape having an opening 1 on the inner peripheral surface side and an annular space 2 extending from the opening 1 toward the end in the thick layer section. An elastic expandable body 3 is fitted around the outer periphery of a solid core member 6 having a fluid passage 5 with an outlet 4 directed to the inner circumferential surface of the elastic expandable body 3. Since the flexible sheet-like protective cover 7 is wound so that the parts thereof overlap, the elastic expandable body 3 is fitted into the solid core material 6, so that it cannot be inserted into a hole drilled in a rock or the like. In addition, by pressurizing fluid from a pressure fluid supply source (not shown) into the fluid passage 5 provided in the solid core material 6 after insertion, the elastic expandable body 3 expands in the outer diameter direction. The expansion force acts on the object to be crushed through the protective sheet 7, and the object to be crushed, for example, rock A, can be crushed with low noise and low vibration. Since the elastic expandable body 3 forms annular spaces 2, 2 extending from the opening 1 on the inner peripheral surface side toward the end, the annular space 2 is expanded by the pressure fluid flowing into the annular space 2. Since the inner peripheral wall 8 is pressed toward the core material 6, the adhesion between the elastic expandable body 3 and the solid core material 6 increases,
Leakage of the pressure fluid in the axial direction is reliably prevented, and pressure loss of the pressure fluid can be eliminated. Furthermore, even if there are cracks in the wall of the hole into which the device is inserted during the process of crushing rocks etc. by the expansion pressure of the elastic expandable body 3, or even if cracks occur during crushing, the protective cover 7 is wrapped around the outer periphery. This prevents a part of the outer circumferential surface of the elastic expandable body 3 from biting into the crack, and prevents local expansion and rupture of the elastic expandable body 3 due to the biting, which is useful in practical terms, such as helping to improve the durable life of the elastic expandable body 3. It has many effects.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a partial sectional view of the crushing device inserted into the hole, FIG. 2 is a side view of the crushing device, and FIG. 3 is a view of the elastic expandable body. 4 and 5 are partial sectional views and side views showing other embodiments of the crushing device, and FIGS. 6 and 7 are partial sectional views showing other embodiments of the crushing device. FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an aspect of the invention. 1 is an opening, 2 is an annular space, 3 is an elastic expansion body, 4
is an outlet, 5 is a fluid passage, 6 is a solid core material, and 7 is a protective cover.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] A cylindrical elastic expandable body 3 having an opening 1 on the inner peripheral surface side and an annular space 2 extending from the opening 1 toward the end within the thick layer portion is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the elastic expandable body 3. A flexible sheet is fitted around the outer periphery of a solid core member 6 having a fluid passage 5 with the outlet 4 directed, and both ends of the solid core member 6 are fixed, and the flexible sheet is arranged such that at least both ends thereof overlap the outer periphery of the elastic expandable body 3. A device for crushing rocks, etc., characterized in that a protective cover 7 of a shape is wound around the device.