JPH01157491A - Method for promoting leaf surface absorption of calcium - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To accelerate absorption by enhancing the absorption efficiency of calcium in foliar spraying of an aq. calcium salt soln. by spraying a calcium salt and the acid salt of chlorhexidine in such a manner that both coexist on leaf surfaces.

CONSTITUTION: The calcium salt and the org. acid salt or inorg. acid salt of the chlorhexidine are so sprayed as to coexist on the leaf surfaces. The chlorhexidine is a medicament used as a sterilizing and disinfecting agent. Since this agent is a strong base, the agent is generally used in the form of the salt of an org. acid and an inorg. acid. While the chlorhexidine to be used may be any of the inorg. acid salt, such as gluconate and acetate, and inorg. acid salts, such as hydrochloride, nitrate and phosphate, the gluconate in particular has high solubility with water and is, therefore, more adequate. Calcium chloride and primary calcium phosphate have high solubility to water and are general in this point as the calcium salt.

COPYRIGHT: (C)1989,JPO

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention provides a method for foliar spraying calcium salts for the purpose of alleviating physiological disorders caused by calcium deficiency in crops.
Concerning ways to increase its effectiveness.

[Conventional technology]

Calcium neutralizes organic acids produced within plants, so if a crop lacks calcium, its body fluids become acidic and carbohydrate synthesis and movement are inhibited.

For example, tomatoes become shredded, and salad leaves, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, and onions become shredded and lose their commercial value. Calcium deficiency occurs after the middle growth stage, so by the time deficiency symptoms appear, the crops are often just before harvest and the leaves have not yet been set.

In addition, a lack of calcium inhibits cell division at the tip of the roots, which weakens cold tolerance and makes plants more susceptible to soil dryness and moisture damage.

Particularly, when crops are grown in a short period of time as in recent plant factories, absorption of calcium cannot keep up with the growth of the crops, and the damage caused by calcium deficiency has become a major problem.

A lack of calcium makes the soil 174 acidic, which destroys the soil's aggregate structure, impairs water permeability and air permeability, and impairs root elongation. In addition, since the microorganisms in the soil decrease due to acidity, the decomposition of organic matter in soil II deteriorates, the action of nitrifying bacteria also declines, and the number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria decreases. Therefore, it is important to replenish calcium, but even if there is calcium in the soil, tomato plants tend to sag on dry platforms with little rain.This is due to a lack of soil moisture. This is because the concentration of nitrogen and JN increases, making absorption of calcium worse.

Calcium deficiency occurs after the middle stage of growth, so as an emergency measure, 0.3 to 0.5 of calcium chloride is generally used.
% solution or a 0.3% aqueous solution of monocalcium phosphate is applied to the new leaves and flower clusters.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

If a calcium deficiency occurs, you may need to top up the soil with lime for fertilizer, or even if there is calcium in the soil, a lack of water will severely impede its absorption as mentioned above, so you may need to replenish water during greenhouse cultivation. In addition, if there is too much nitrogen or potassium, calcium deficiency tends to occur, so refrain from applying nitrogen or potassium afterwards, and also
It is also important to prevent soil salinity from becoming too high locally. Although measures to increase the absorption of calcium from the soil are important, direct treatments such as spraying an aqueous solution of calcium salts on the leaves are most effective.

In this way, spraying an aqueous solution of calcium salt on the east surface is an emergency measure and is required to be fast-acting. There was a point.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing calcium absorption efficiency and promoting absorption in foliar spraying of an aqueous calcium salt solution when calcium deficiency occurs or is likely to occur in crops.

[Means for solving problems]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors conducted research on seeds and found that by coexisting an organic M salt or an inorganic acid salt of chlorhexidine with a calcium salt on the leaf surface,
It was discovered that it can promote leaf absorption of calcium and significantly alleviate physiological disorders caused by calcium deficiency.

Specifically, the present invention is a method for promoting foliar absorption of calcium, which is characterized by spraying a calcium salt and a chlorhexidine salt or an inorganic acid salt so that they coexist on the foliar surface.

Chlorhexidine is C22H3oC12N1o (molecule W
505) is a strong basic compound represented by the molecular formula of
It is a pharmaceutical used as a sterilizing disinfectant, developed by IC1 in the UK and sold under the trade name Hibiten by IC1.

Since it is strongly iX-based, it is generally used in organic acids or a
It is used in the salt form of 1M. Conventionally, this aqueous salt solution has been diluted to a predetermined concentration and used to disinfect medical instruments, hands, and skin surgical sites, and there is no example of its application to plants.

Chlorhexidine used in the present invention is gluconate,
Any of organic acid salts such as acetate and inorganic acid salts such as hydrochloride, nitrate, and phosphate may be used, but glucone M salt is particularly suitable because it has high solubility in water. It is also possible to mix organic acid salts and inorganic acid salts. As calcium salts, calcium chloride and monocalcium phosphate are common because of their high solubility in water.
As long as it is water-soluble, it is not limited to this.

In terms of application, since calcium salts are larger in quantity, it is most convenient to dissolve 1 part of the salt in 1 liter of an aqueous solution of calcium salts and spray it on the leaves. It is sufficient that both salts are present together with water, and an arbitrary method can be used, such as spraying calcium salt in fine powder form on the leaf surface to make it adhere, and then supplying an aqueous solution of chlorhexidine salt in the form of a mist. A modified scattering method can be considered.

It also has the effect of preventing the disadvantage that it runs off the leaf surface as in the case of aqueous solutions. In this case, it is necessary to use a detergent agent so that the calcium salt powder remains on the leaf surface.

In general, the above aqueous solution is used, but calcium salts are generally used at a concentration of 0.5 to 1.0% by weight.

Organic acid salt of chlorhexidine added or none! The appropriate concentration of monoacid in the foliar spray solution is 0.5 to 50 ppm in terms of chlorhexidine, and among these, 5 to 1
Approximately 0 DDm is preferable.

This is because if the concentration is lower than this lower limit, the effect will be poor, and if the concentration is higher than this upper limit, the effect will be saturated and will not increase at all, which will be disadvantageous in terms of cost.

The parts of the plant to be foliar sprayed are the same as when applying calcium salt alone; for tomatoes, it is appropriate to spray around the end of flowering, mainly on fruit bunches and new leaves, and for salad greens, spray around the growing point of the plant. New leaves are suitable, and neither has any effect on large fruits or old leaves.

As mentioned above, chlorhexidine is a pharmaceutical drug, and experiments on rats have shown that the percutaneous absorption of Hibitene into animals is negligible, and there are no safety concerns.

[Effect]

Although it is not clear how chlorhexidine promotes calcium absorption, it is presumed that this is due to some effect of improving the calcium permeability of plant cell membranes.

〔Example〕

The present invention will be specifically explained below with reference to Examples.
The present invention is not limited to this embodiment.

(Examples 1 and 2, Comparative Examples 1 and 2) As a culture solution, the garden trial formulation 0.5 concentration (EC1,2H8/c
Using a balanced culture of m, 1) H6, 5), tomato was cultivated under pressure (sowed in late June) with water ↓j1.

When the third inflorescence enlarged to the size of Bing Pong Institute of Technology, the appearance of sagging was observed. Example 1) or an aqueous solution added at 1 oppm (Example 2) was sprayed on the leaves of the 4th, 5th and 6th stage inflorescences and new leaves twice every week.

The following table shows the comparison of the occurrence rate of fruit peeling in Sections 4.5.6. Comparative Example 1 was the case in which no foliar spraying was performed.

*Results of a survey on 10 stocks (Shirigusare Kōgen/Yu Song X
100) As is clear from the table above, the addition of chlorhexidine gluconate suppresses the occurrence of sloppy blisters compared to foliar spraying of an aqueous calcium chloride solution alone. It is now clear that the occurrence of scab is caused by a deficiency of Calcilla 11. Therefore, it is concluded that the addition of chlorhexidine promotes absorption of calcium on the leaf surface, which helps to reduce the occurrence of scab. be done.

(Example 3.4, Comparative Example 3.4) 0.5 concentration (EC1, 283/
cm, 1) Using H6,5>, hydroponic cultivation of salad greens was performed with sowing in October. 7 days from the 40th day after sowing, 24
At regular intervals, use a small sprayer near the growing point (=l) of the plant.
Calcium chloride 0.5% aqueous solution (Comparative Example 3) Add 2 ppm of chlorhexidine hydrochloride as chlorhexidine to rice (Example 4) or 10101)D Example 3)
The aqueous solutions added to the seeds were sprayed on the leaves and harvested 50 times after sowing.

Figure 1 shows a comparison of the incidence and extent of heart-throbbing and heart-stopping symptoms for the 20 strains tested.

As is clear from Fig. 1, the addition of chlorhexidine hydrochloride resulted in a sweeter and softer texture than in the case of no treatment (Comparative Example 4), as well as compared to foliar spraying of calcium chloride aqueous solution alone (Comparative Example 3). The occurrence of heart disease has been suppressed.

(Effects of the Invention) By adding chlorhe:1 sidine a* salt or inorganic acid salt to calcium salt and spraying it on the leaves, calcium absorption is promoted compared to the case of calcium 1 cum salt alone, Physiological disorders caused by calcium deficiency, 1-
The incidences of muddy buttocks, salad greens' hearts, and heart-stopping syndrome were significantly reduced. Even in animals, chlorhexidine is considered to have negligible percutaneous absorption, and there are no problems with bamboo shoots.

Business profits depend on people.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 shows the incidence of heart failure and heart block disease when salad greens were foliarly sprayed with 21 pm and 10 pDm of D-rhexidine added to a 0.5% calcium chloride aqueous solution (
%) and the incidence of smallpox in the case of spraying with a 0.5% calcium chloride aqueous solution and in the case of no treatment.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A method for promoting foliar absorption of calcium, which comprises spraying a calcium salt and an organic or inorganic acid salt of chlorhexidine so that they coexist on the foliage. 2. The method for promoting foliar absorption of calcium according to claim 1, wherein an organic or inorganic acid salt of chlorhexidine is added to an aqueous solution of calcium salt and the mixture is sprayed on the leaves of plants.