JPH01157057A - Organic solvent battery - Google Patents

Organic solvent battery

Info

Publication number
JPH01157057A
JPH01157057A JP62313971A JP31397187A JPH01157057A JP H01157057 A JPH01157057 A JP H01157057A JP 62313971 A JP62313971 A JP 62313971A JP 31397187 A JP31397187 A JP 31397187A JP H01157057 A JPH01157057 A JP H01157057A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
positive electrode
organic solvent
battery
electrode ring
electric resistance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP62313971A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Koichi Tanaka
浩一 田中
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FDK Twicell Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Toshiba Battery Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toshiba Battery Co Ltd filed Critical Toshiba Battery Co Ltd
Priority to JP62313971A priority Critical patent/JPH01157057A/en
Publication of JPH01157057A publication Critical patent/JPH01157057A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/06Electrodes for primary cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/533Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the leads or tabs
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/14Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M6/16Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To realize good heavy load characteristics at low temperatures by forming a positive electrode ring of material having an electric resistance of 1/10-10 times the electric resistance of positive electrode mixed agent. CONSTITUTION:A positive electrode 3 of an organic solvent battery has a positive electrode ring 4 of an electric resistance of 1/10-10 times that of positive electrode mixed agent engaged along its circumference. If the electric resistance of material composing the positive electrode ring 4 is lower than 1/10 the electric resistance of the positive electrode mixed agent, metal ions are precipitated on the positive electrode ring 4 at the time of a heavy load discharge, where abnormal lowering of operating voltage or deterioration of heavy load characteristics will occur. If the electric resistance of the positive electrode ring 4 is higher than 10 times that of the positive electrode mixed agent, the part of the positive electrode mixed agent where the positive electrode ring 4 is engaged is shielded, where discharge characteristics will be deteriorated.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 [発明の目的] (産業上の利用分野) 本発明は有機溶媒電池に関し、さらに詳しくは、低温に
おいても重負荷特性が良好なボタン形の有機溶媒電池に
関する。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Object of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to an organic solvent battery, and more particularly to a button-shaped organic solvent battery that has good heavy load characteristics even at low temperatures.

(従来の技術) 有機溶媒電池は、エネルギー密度が高く、信頼性に優れ
ているため、多くの電子機器の電源として使用されてい
る。この電池は、金属酸化物、硫化物あるいはフッ化物
等を正極、リチウム、ナトリウム等の軽金属を負極とし
、これらの正・負極を電解液保持材を介して積層したの
もので、正極には、従来、例えばステンレス等の金属素
材からなる正極リングを嵌着して使用されている。
(Prior Art) Organic solvent batteries have high energy density and excellent reliability, and are therefore used as power sources for many electronic devices. This battery uses a metal oxide, sulfide, or fluoride as the positive electrode, and a light metal such as lithium or sodium as the negative electrode, and these positive and negative electrodes are laminated with an electrolyte retaining material in between. Conventionally, a positive electrode ring made of a metal material such as stainless steel has been fitted and used.

この正極リングは、放電中における体積膨張を抑制して
、電池の内部短絡を防止するとともに、電池内容物間の
接触抵抗を良好に維持するために用いるものである。
This positive electrode ring is used to suppress volumetric expansion during discharge to prevent internal short circuits in the battery and to maintain good contact resistance between battery contents.

かかる有機溶媒電池は、近年その用途が益々拡大し、時
計、カメラあるいはラジオ等の電源として使用される場
合には重負荷特性が、一方OA機器、家電製品等に内臓
されるメモリのバアクアップ用電源として使用される場
合には、長期間に亘る特性の維持や安定性が要求される
など、幅広い性能が要求されるようになった。
The use of such organic solvent batteries has been expanding rapidly in recent years, and they have heavy load characteristics when used as power sources for watches, cameras, radios, etc., and on the other hand, they are used as power sources for backing up memories built into OA equipment, home appliances, etc. When used as such, a wide range of performance is now required, including the need to maintain properties and stability over a long period of time.

このような要求に対応するため、電池を構成する正極合
剤、電解液組成あるいは電池構造等に関して多くの検討
がなされ、電池の特性レベルも相自白上してきた。
In order to meet such demands, many studies have been made regarding the positive electrode mixture, electrolyte composition, battery structure, etc. that constitute the battery, and the level of battery characteristics has also been determined.

(発明が解決しようとする問題点) しかしながら1時計、カメラ等に用いる有機溶媒電池に
あっては、なお要求が厳しく、重負荷特性を5〜10年
間の長期に亘って維持することが求められている。
(Problems to be solved by the invention) However, organic solvent batteries used in watches, cameras, etc. still have strict requirements, and are required to maintain heavy load characteristics for a long period of 5 to 10 years. ing.

ところが、この種の有機溶媒電池にあっては重負荷放電
中に負極から電解液中への溶出金属イオン濃度が高まり
、この金属イオンを吸収する正極の分極抵抗の上昇によ
って電解液中の金属イオン濃度が過剰となる。このとき
、従来は、前記の如く正極リングにステンレス等の電子
導電性の良好な金属素材を使用しているので、過剰の金
属イオンが正極リング上で電子と結合し、金属として析
出してしまう。このため、金属イオンは本来の放電反応
に関与せず、従って電池としては作動電圧の異常低下や
重負荷特性の低下をもたらす等の問題を生じており、か
かる問題の発生は電池反応抵抗の高まる低温放電時に特
に顕著であった。
However, in this type of organic solvent battery, the concentration of metal ions eluted from the negative electrode into the electrolyte increases during heavy load discharge, and the increase in polarization resistance of the positive electrode that absorbs these metal ions causes the metal ions in the electrolyte to increase. The concentration becomes excessive. At this time, as mentioned above, conventionally, metal materials with good electronic conductivity such as stainless steel are used for the positive electrode ring, so excess metal ions combine with electrons on the positive electrode ring and precipitate as metal. . For this reason, metal ions do not participate in the original discharge reaction, causing problems such as an abnormal drop in operating voltage and deterioration of heavy load characteristics for batteries. This was especially noticeable during low-temperature discharge.

本発明は、かかる問題点を解決することにより、低温に
おいても良好な重負荷特性を維持しうる有機溶媒電池を
提供することを目的とする。
An object of the present invention is to provide an organic solvent battery that can maintain good heavy load characteristics even at low temperatures by solving such problems.

[発明の構成] (問題点を解決するための手段) 本発明の有機溶媒電池は、周縁部に正極リングが嵌着さ
れた正極と、軽金属からなる負極とが電解液保持材を介
して積層され、電解液として有機溶媒を用いており、前
記正極リングが正極合剤の1/10−10倍の電気抵抗
を有する素材によって構成されていることを特徴とする
[Structure of the Invention] (Means for Solving the Problems) The organic solvent battery of the present invention has a positive electrode having a positive electrode ring fitted to the peripheral edge thereof, and a negative electrode made of a light metal, which are laminated with an electrolyte holding material interposed therebetween. An organic solvent is used as the electrolytic solution, and the positive electrode ring is made of a material having an electrical resistance of 1/10 to 10 times that of the positive electrode mixture.

ここにおいて、正極リングの電気抵抗が正極合剤の電気
抵抗の1/lOより低い場合には、重負荷放電時に前記
したように金属イオンが正極リング上に金属として析出
し、作動電圧の異常低下や重負荷特性の低下を生ずるの
で好ましくない、−方、正極リングの電気抵抗が正極合
剤の電気抵抗の10倍より高いと、正極リングを嵌着し
た正極合剤の部分が遮蔽され、その結果、電極反応に与
かる正極の有効反応面積が減少して放電特性が低下して
しまうので好ましくない、より好ましくは、正極リング
は正極合剤のl/4〜4倍の電気抵抗、最も好ましくは
正極合剤と同一の電気抵抗を有していることである。
Here, if the electrical resistance of the positive electrode ring is lower than 1/1O of the electrical resistance of the positive electrode mixture, metal ions will precipitate as metal on the positive electrode ring during heavy load discharge as described above, resulting in an abnormal decrease in the operating voltage. On the other hand, if the electrical resistance of the positive electrode ring is higher than 10 times the electrical resistance of the positive electrode mixture, the part of the positive electrode mixture where the positive electrode ring is fitted will be shielded, and its As a result, the effective reaction area of the positive electrode that participates in the electrode reaction decreases, which is undesirable because the discharge characteristics deteriorate. More preferably, the positive electrode ring has an electrical resistance of l/4 to 4 times that of the positive electrode mixture, and most preferably has the same electrical resistance as the positive electrode mixture.

かかる正極リングの素材は、用いる正極合剤によって電
気抵抗が異なるものであるが、正極合剤の1710−1
0倍の電気抵抗を有するものであれば金属、非金属の別
を問わない0例えば、金属性素材のものとしては、ゲル
マニウム、または金属酸化物の酸化チタン(T i 2
0s )および酸化鉄(Fes O4)の焼結体等が、
また非金属性素材のものとしては、ポリオレフィン系カ
ーボン複合樹脂(商品名:三菱油化製ECXフィルムB
X−210)等が掲げられる。
The material for such a positive electrode ring has different electrical resistance depending on the positive electrode mixture used, but the positive electrode mixture 1710-1
It does not matter whether it is a metal or a non-metal as long as it has an electrical resistance of 0 times.For example, as a metal material, germanium or the metal oxide titanium oxide (T i 2
0s) and sintered bodies of iron oxide (Fes O4), etc.
In addition, non-metallic materials include polyolefin-based carbon composite resin (product name: Mitsubishi Yuka ECX Film B).
X-210) etc.

また、正極リングの形状としては前記した正極リングの
使用目的に合致していれば特に限定はなく、断面り字形
のものや正極の外側のみを囲繞する環状のもの、あるい
は断面二字状のものがある。
In addition, the shape of the positive electrode ring is not particularly limited as long as it meets the purpose of use of the positive electrode ring described above, and may be a cross-section with an angled shape, an annular shape that surrounds only the outside of the positive electrode, or a double-shaped cross-section. There is.

(作用) 本発明の有機溶媒電池を用いれば1重負荷放電時に正極
の分極抵抗が上昇しても金属イオンの正極リング上への
析出が防止され、また正極の有効反応面積を減少させる
こともないので、低温においても良好な重負荷特性を維
持することができる。
(Function) If the organic solvent battery of the present invention is used, even if the polarization resistance of the positive electrode increases during single-load discharge, precipitation of metal ions on the positive electrode ring can be prevented, and the effective reaction area of the positive electrode can be reduced. Therefore, good heavy load characteristics can be maintained even at low temperatures.

以下1本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する
EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Below, one embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail based on the drawings.

(発明の実施例) 実施例 第1図において、1は正極端子を兼ねるステンレス酸の
電池容器である。この電池容器l内の底部にはステンレ
ス製金網よりなる正極集電体2がスポット溶接により設
置されており、この集電体2の上に正極3を載置して容
器1内に正極3を収納した。この正極3は、電解二酸化
マンガンを加熱焼成して得た活物質、アセチレンブラッ
ク及びポリテトラフルオロエチレンからなるもので、厚
さ1.6mmの円板状に加圧成形されており、比抵抗は
20Ωcmであった。
Embodiments of the Invention In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a stainless acid battery container which also serves as a positive terminal. A positive electrode current collector 2 made of stainless steel wire mesh is installed at the bottom of the battery container 1 by spot welding. I put it away. The positive electrode 3 is made of an active material obtained by heating and baking electrolytic manganese dioxide, acetylene black, and polytetrafluoroethylene, and is pressure-molded into a disk shape with a thickness of 1.6 mm, and has a specific resistance of It was 20Ωcm.

ついで、この正極3に、その周囲及び上部周縁を囲繞す
る正極リング4を冠着した。この正極リング4は、ポリ
プロピレン系カーボン複合樹脂(商品名:三菱油化製E
CXフィルムBX−21O)を断面り字形のリング状に
成形したもので、25ΩC11lの表面比抵抗を有して
いた。
Next, a positive electrode ring 4 surrounding the periphery and upper periphery of the positive electrode 3 was attached to the positive electrode 3. This positive electrode ring 4 is made of polypropylene-based carbon composite resin (product name: Mitsubishi Yuka Co., Ltd. E
The CX film (BX-21O) was molded into a ring shape with an angled cross section, and had a surface resistivity of 25ΩC11l.

次に、かかる正極リング4を冠着した正極3の上に、ポ
リプロピレン類の不織布よりなる電解液保持材5を載置
した。この電解液保持材5には、炭酸プロピレンと1.
2−ジメトキシエタンとをl二lの体積比で混合した有
機溶媒に、過塩素酸リチウム1モルを溶解させた電解液
を予め含浸させておいた。
Next, an electrolyte holding material 5 made of a nonwoven fabric of polypropylene was placed on the positive electrode 3 on which the positive electrode ring 4 was attached. This electrolyte holding material 5 contains propylene carbonate and 1.
An organic solvent prepared by mixing 2-dimethoxyethane in a volume ratio of 121 was impregnated in advance with an electrolytic solution in which 1 mole of lithium perchlorate was dissolved.

そして、かかる電解液保持材5の上に金属リチウムから
なる負極6を載置し、前記電池容器1の内周縁に充填し
たポリプロピレン類のバッキング7を介して負極端子を
兼ねるステンレス製の封口板8を負極6上に着設した後
、容器lの開口部をかしめて液密的に封口し、第1図に
示す構造のボタン形有機溶媒電池を組立てた。
A negative electrode 6 made of metallic lithium is placed on the electrolyte holding material 5, and a sealing plate 8 made of stainless steel that also serves as a negative electrode terminal is placed through a backing 7 made of polypropylene filled in the inner peripheral edge of the battery container 1. was placed on the negative electrode 6, the opening of the container 1 was caulked to seal it liquid-tightly, and a button-type organic solvent battery having the structure shown in FIG. 1 was assembled.

このような構造からなる直径20ff1m、厚さ3.2
111mの有機溶媒電池について、0℃、2にΩの条件
で定抵抗連続放電試験を行なった。その結果を縦軸を閉
路電圧(V)、横軸を放電持続時間(hr)として第2
図に実線Aで示した。
This structure consists of a diameter of 20ff1m and a thickness of 3.2mm.
A constant resistance continuous discharge test was conducted on a 111 m long organic solvent battery at 0° C. and 2Ω. The results are expressed as a second graph, with the vertical axis representing the closed circuit voltage (V) and the horizontal axis representing the discharge duration (hr).
It is shown by a solid line A in the figure.

また、この放電試験終了後、使用した電池を分解して調
べたところ正極リング表面への金属リチウの析出は全く
認められなかった。
Further, after the discharge test was completed, the battery used was disassembled and examined, and no metal lithium was observed to be deposited on the surface of the positive electrode ring.

比較例 正極リングの素材としてステンレス(表面抵抗0.6Ω
cm)を用いた以外は、前記実施例と同一の素材を用い
て同一構造の有機溶媒電池を組立て、前記実施例と同一
条件のもとで行なった定抵抗連続放電試験の結果を第2
図に破!IIBで示した。
Comparative example: Stainless steel (surface resistance 0.6Ω) was used as the material for the positive electrode ring.
An organic solvent battery with the same structure was assembled using the same materials as in the previous example, except that the same material as in the previous example was used, and the results of a constant resistance continuous discharge test conducted under the same conditions as in the example above were used as the second test.
Broke the picture! It is shown in IIB.

第2図から明らかなように、比較例の電池では作動電圧
が低く不安定で、放電持続時間が短いのに対し、実施例
に示す本発明の電池では作動電圧が高く安定性が良いう
え、放電持続時間も長かった。
As is clear from FIG. 2, the battery of the comparative example has a low and unstable operating voltage and short discharge duration, whereas the battery of the present invention shown in the example has a high operating voltage and good stability. The discharge duration was also long.

また、実施例と同様にして放電試験終了後の電池を分解
調査したところ、正極リング表面に金属リチウムの析出
が見られた。
Furthermore, when the battery was disassembled and investigated after the completion of the discharge test in the same manner as in Examples, it was found that metallic lithium was deposited on the surface of the positive electrode ring.

し発明の効果」 本発明の正極リングを用いた有機溶媒電池とすれば、低
温においても重負荷特性に優れ、かつ作動電圧の安定し
た有機溶媒電池を提供することができる。
[Effects of the Invention] An organic solvent battery using the positive electrode ring of the present invention can provide an organic solvent battery that has excellent heavy load characteristics even at low temperatures and has a stable operating voltage.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は1本発明の一実施例であるボタン形有機溶媒電
池の断面、第2図は本発明の電池を用いた定抵抗連続放
電試験の結果を比較例と共に示す放電特性曲線図である
。 l・・・電池容器 3・・・正極 4・・・正極リング
5・・・電解液保持材 6・・・負極 第1図 第2図
FIG. 1 is a cross section of a button-type organic solvent battery which is an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a discharge characteristic curve diagram showing the results of a constant resistance continuous discharge test using the battery of the present invention together with a comparative example. . l... Battery container 3... Positive electrode 4... Positive electrode ring 5... Electrolyte holding material 6... Negative electrode Figure 1 Figure 2

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims]  周縁部に正極リングが嵌着された正極と、軽金属から
なる負極とが電解保持材を介して積層され、電解液とし
て有機溶媒を用いた有機溶媒電池において、前記正極リ
ングが正極合剤の1/10〜10倍の電気抵抗を有する
素材によって構成されていることを特徴とする有機溶媒
電池。
In an organic solvent battery in which a positive electrode with a positive electrode ring fitted on the peripheral edge and a negative electrode made of a light metal are laminated with an electrolytic holding material interposed therebetween, and an organic solvent is used as the electrolyte, the positive electrode ring is one of the positive electrode mixtures. An organic solvent battery comprising a material having an electrical resistance of /10 to 10 times.
JP62313971A 1987-12-14 1987-12-14 Organic solvent battery Pending JPH01157057A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP62313971A JPH01157057A (en) 1987-12-14 1987-12-14 Organic solvent battery

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP62313971A JPH01157057A (en) 1987-12-14 1987-12-14 Organic solvent battery

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH01157057A true JPH01157057A (en) 1989-06-20

Family

ID=18047686

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP62313971A Pending JPH01157057A (en) 1987-12-14 1987-12-14 Organic solvent battery

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH01157057A (en)

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