JPH01153049A - Method for improving meat quality of ruminant - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent the lowering of meat quality of a ruminant caused by the stress, etc., of transportation, by administering a ruminant with a large amount of rumen-bypassing agent composed of L-tryptophan within a specific short period before the transportation of the ruminant. CONSTITUTION:A ruminant is administered with a rumen-bypassing agent composed of L-tryptophan (salt) within 48hr before the transportation or transfer of the ruminant at a rate of 10-400mg of the agent per 1kg of the body weight per day. It is preferable to improve the rumen-bypassing ratio by using a coating agent to control the solubility of L-tryptophan (salt).

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for improving the deterioration in meat quality that occurs when ruminant animals such as cattle are transported or moved for slaughter.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Conventional techniques and their problems Ruminant animals such as cows are naturally nervous and timid, and when transported or moved they become abnormally excited and become violent. Therefore, in order to prevent difficulty in feeding during transportation and abnormal fermentation of the rumen due to stress associated with transportation, animals are usually forced to fast before and during transportation. As a result, ruminant animals not only use up their physical strength and lose weight during long-term transportation, but also lose weight slowly after transportation, and especially in beef cattle, the meat becomes dark in color and loses its firmness. The problem is that the quality of the meat deteriorates due to the appearance of spots (blood stains), which greatly reduces the value of the food.

JP-A No. 61-280239 proposes a method of feeding at least one essential amino acid in the form of an aqueous solution before transportation or movement in order to improve the weight loss of ruminants during transportation. There is data stating that in a group of Holstein steers administered a mixture of four types of amino acids and minerals, the weight loss rate was suppressed by about 10% during 5 days of transportation compared to a control fasted group. However, as is well known, when amino acids and vitamins are administered to ruminants such as cows in their normal form, most of them are broken down by microorganisms in the rumen and cannot be used effectively, so the effective rate is low. It is considered to be low.

Incidentally, the above-mentioned publication does not mention anything about improving meat quality.

On the other hand, L-tryptophan (
Hereinafter, it will be referred to as L-Trp. ) is known to have anti-stress effects, and in pigs and chickens, administration of large doses over a short period of time has been shown to reduce stress and improve meat quality.

However, in the case of anti-animals, they have a continuous flow fermentation tank called the rumen, in which an extremely large number of microorganisms (broadly divided into two types, bacteria and ciliates) coexist, and the amount of food that is eaten by the anti-animals is Active anaerobic fermentation is carried out using nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins (amino acids), oils and fats, etc.) as raw materials, and the microorganisms that proliferate in this process are a valuable source of protein for anti-alteranimals. Within this lumen,
Most proteins and amino acids are broken down by microorganisms into ammonia and carbon dioxide gas, and amino acids are particularly easy to break down. Even if they are administered in powder or liquid form to cows, for example, they will be broken down in the rumen and the cows themselves will not be able to directly absorb the administered amino acids. It cannot be used as a nutritional source.

The following special circumstances are further added to L-Trp.

That is, it has been reported that L-Trp is metabolically degraded by rumen fermentation to produce skatole and indole (R, J, Carlson et al.
Hicrobiology 27 (3) 540~
548 (1974).

It has been revealed that these skirts and indole are harmful to anti-alteran animals, and depending on the amount they are used, they can cause pulmonary hydration and pneumatosis, resulting in death (R, J, Carl
Son et al. Am J, Vet, Res, 29.
1983-9 (1968)).

In order to suppress the production of such harmful components, a dosage form that minimizes the elution of L-Trl in the rumen may be considered.

There have already been many proposals for rumen bypass agents (hereinafter abbreviated as Ru-By agents) that suppress the elution of amino acids and the like in the rumen and allow them to be dissolved and absorbed from the abomasum onwards. succeeded in developing granules with a high rumen bypass rate for amino acids (Patent Application 1986-139).
No. 99, Japanese Patent Application No. 167781/1982). However, to date, no attempt has been made to alleviate the stress associated with the transportation of foreign animals such as cattle and to improve their meat quality by administering a large amount of Ru-F3V-L-Trl for a short period of time.

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have developed Ru-By- which was previously developed by the present applicant.
As a result of intensive studies aimed at relieving the stress associated with transportation by administering L-Trp to ruminants using L-Trp, etc., we have found that large amounts of Rt can be administered to ruminants within a specified short period of time before transportation.
We have discovered that administration of L-By-L-TrE) greatly improves various problems thought to be caused by stress during transportation and movement, especially the decline in meat quality,
The invention has been completed.

That is, the present invention is a method for improving meat quality of ruminants, which comprises administering 10 mg to 400 Itg/N# of a rumen bypass agent of L-TrEl per day within 48 hours before transportation or movement of the ruminants. .

Components of the Invention L-Trp is known as a feed, and its form may be L-Trp itself or DL-Trp and physiologically relevant organic acid salts, inorganic acid salts, or metal salts. In the present invention, it is essential to use the agent as a rumen bypass agent.

R with high lumen bypass rate used in the present invention
LI-BY-L-T can be removed by a physical method, that is, a coating agent that adjusts the solubility of L-Trp or its salt, and by a chemical method, that is, a coating agent that adjusts the solubility of L-Trp. Some are chemically modified for adjustment.

As for the former, for example, the method developed by the applicant, in which solid L-Trl) is converted into a solid auxiliary substance (magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide, etc.)
A wax-like substance with a melting point of 40-120'C is used as a binder in the presence or absence of
While stirring and granulating using an amount of 5% by weight, at the point when L-Trp etc. is granulated and a thin film of wax-like substance is formed on the surface, it is substantially insoluble in water under neutral conditions, and Insoluble in waxy substances, melting point 120°C or higher, average particle size 10
A method in which fine solid particles of μm or less (for example, fine particles such as 5i02) are added at a ratio of 0.02 to 5% by weight to the total granule, and the fine solid particles are contained in the thin film layer on the entire surface of the granule. (Patent Application No. 62-13999) or L-T
A core particle containing RP as a main component is mixed with 2 to 50% by weight of one or more hydrophobic amino acids such as methionine, tyrosine, leucine, cysteine, or cystine, and is sparingly soluble or insoluble in near-neutral water. The melting point is 40~
A method of coating with a coating layer containing 25 to 98% by weight of a protective substance (wax, etc.) at 110°C (Japanese Patent Application No. 62-167)
No. 781).

In addition, the latter chemical modification is due to N-acetyl, which is difficult to be metabolically decomposed by microorganisms in the rumen, is absorbed in the body, and is said to behave almost the same as L-T, and is used in infusions. Examples include Trp derivatives such as Trp.

In order to prevent the deterioration of meat quality that accompanies the transport of ruminants, Ru-By-LT must be administered in a fairly large amount over a short period of time.

In the present invention, the dose required to achieve the specific physiological effect of L-Trl) is 1 day's body weight per day as L-T dose.
10-400mg per kg, preferably 20-200mg
mg, and this amount is administered within 48 hours before transportation.

10Q? Below, the amount is small and the effect is not clear. On the other hand, if the temperature exceeds 400 Iftg, a portion of the TRP may be eluted within the lumen, and the decomposition products of Trp may be harmful. This point will be explained in detail below.

The dose may be as high as long as it does not cause any harm to L-Trl, but as already explained, it is degraded within the lumen, and the approximate upper limit is determined by -Trl.

Regarding the harmfulness of skayl and indole, the research by Endo, Satoru et al.
akukaishi 55 (9) r 817-81
9 (1981)) and the aforementioned research by R. J. Carlson et al.

In a study by Endo et al., rumen fermentation of L-T beating using a rumen solution was carried out over time in VitrO, and L
-T rl) concentration of 11,000 pp or more, it is estimated that there is a tendency for the harmful effect of a decrease in ciliates to occur. In addition, the present inventors conducted an in vivo test using Rumenfustel goats and found that L -T rE);25
We have confirmed the harmful effect of reducing ciliates at a value of 0pl)m (in the rumen) (see test side below)
. In addition to the safety factor, L-T rpli1 has no harmful effects.
Considering that the above value is about 115, the degree is L - T in the lumen.
rp1 degree is approximately 50E)l)III. Using this value as a limit, try to estimate the maximum usage from a safety perspective.

The volume of liquid in the rumen of a 600 kg adult cow is 100
9 (uniform) (However, the volume of the rumen contents varies depending on the amount of water drinking, saliva, and amount of food taken, etc.)
It is difficult to define the conditions strictly, as the conditions for fermentation are thought to vary depending on pH and other various factors.)

Assuming that it is stable as L-TrD in the lumen up to 509 pIII, the amount of L-Trp in the solution in the lumen will be 5 g. Therefore, the maximum usable amount is naturally determined by the lumen bypass rate, and the relationship between the lumen bypass rate and the maximum usable amount is as follows.

Lumens Maximum usage of L-Trp bypass rate Decomposition rate Possible amount Decomposition amount 99% 1%
50095g 98% 2% 250 5g95% 5
% 100 5g90% 10% 50
5g 80% 20% 25 5g 50% 50% 10 59 For example, RU-8 with a lumen bypass rate of 80% or less
'/-L-Trl), it is not possible to administer more than 25g per day. Considering safety, 80% is considered to be the lower limit for the lumen bypass rate. In order to determine the dose safely and based on the onset of efficacy, an extremely high lumen bypass rate of at least 90% or more, preferably 95% or more is required, but the lumen bypass agent described above fully satisfies this performance. ing.

The timing and frequency of administration of Ru-By-LT can be estimated from the behavior of various feeds passing through the gastrointestinal tract in ruminants. - Roughage has the longest residence time in the membrane, and pellets, granular concentrates, and powdered feeds have a shorter residence time, and water-soluble ones pass through the rumen in the shortest time. However, this also includes various fluctuation factors, and the RLJ-BV used in the present invention
Taking this into account, the residence time of the agent is 10 to 40
The time is appropriate. Therefore, based on these facts, if the drug is administered 48 hours before transportation, it can be applied to cattle with considerable individual differences, and a substantially sufficient effect can be expected. 2
From 4 hours in advance, it may not be sufficiently effective in cows that have a long residence time. It is possible to administer the drug 72 hours in advance, but it is thought to be less necessary.

The frequency of administration is thought to be around 10 hours when the residence time of the RIJ-BV agent is the shortest, so it is preferable to administer the prescribed amount in two doses a day, but there are factors that make it difficult to take that long. If there is, the next best option is to administer it once a day, which can be expected to be effective.

One day's worth of RU-BV-L-Trl) should be administered immediately before transport, taking into account the effects during transport and after arrival at the slaughterhouse. If the transportation time exceeds 24 hours, L-Trl) 20-2 at least once every 24 hours.
It is necessary to administer Ru-By agent containing 00 mg.

In the method of the present invention, it is preferable to add other nutritional components such as other amino acids, vitamins, minerals, oils and fats as necessary in addition to L-T rD from the viewpoint of nutritional supplementation during fasting.

However, amino acids, vitamins, oils and fats, etc.
As with rD, it is desirable to bypass the lumen. As amino acids, all amino acids including L-lysine hydrochloride and DL-methionine can be used as needed.

Regarding vitamins, those that are normally used as feed additives include fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamins A, B3, and E, and water-soluble vitamins such as vitamins B1, B2, and B6, nicotinic acid, vitamin C, choline, and pantothenic acid Qa. Sex vitamins are available.

Minerals and oils and fats are similarly selected from those commonly used as feed additives.

Beef production has shown remarkable growth (139%) over the past 10 years, due in part to the westernization of people's eating habits due to improved living conditions.

On the other hand, there are various stress problems derived from high-efficiency beef fattening by feeding a large amount of concentrated feed, such as increased incidence of diseases due to group feeding, close feeding, various types of transportation stress, environmental stress, etc., and beef production. Decreased efficiency and reduced meat quality are also becoming major problems.

In the case of beef in particular, the main production areas are Kyushu and Hokkaido, and it is extremely important to supply fresh, high-quality beef to large consumption areas.

The present invention provides L-Tr with an extremely high lumen bypass rate.
By using a p-agent and taking into account the passage behavior within the lumen,
This method determined the administration method and provided a new method that does not reduce meat quality, which has never been seen before.

That is, from 48 hours before transportation to the end of transportation, L-Trpl per 1 Ky of body weight of the ruminant per day.
By administering and transporting a RIJ-sy agent containing 0 to 400 mg, preferably 20 to 200 mg, a level of L that substantially exerts a physiological effect on ruminants can be obtained.
- T beating is supplied, preventing deterioration of meat quality during transportation of ruminants, making the animals calm and docile, and making handling easier.

The method of the present invention has an extremely high lumen bypass rate.
- By using a T rl) agent, a considerably large amount of L-T will be administered, but the L-T will be dissolved in the lumen.
The amount of pounding can be kept to 5 g or less, and the desired effect can be achieved without causing any harm to ruminants.

The ability to apply the present invention to transport stress in living organisms to prevent deterioration in beef quality has two significant economic benefits for producers, and provides consumers with fresh, delicious beef. Extremely valuable.

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the effects of the present invention will be specifically explained by showing test examples, working examples, and comparative examples.

Test Example: The effect of L-Trl) on ciliates was evaluated using 3 Ruemmphstelzanen goats (Iltli, 2-3 years old) of approximately the same body weight and fed the same diet. Ciliary wheel number and p due to addition of L-Trp
H changes were examined over time.

Powder L-T rl) at 1.0 g per animal per day, 2
．． 5g, 5.09g was mixed with the morning feed and fed, and the pH and number of ciliary wheels were examined 12 and 24 hours later. The results are shown in Table 1. At 1g, there was almost no change in DH or number of ciliary wheels, but at 2.5g, II decreased slightly,
The number of ciliary wheels also showed a downward trend.

At 5g, the number of ciliary wheels decreased dramatically.

The pH was also significantly lower, indicating that rumen fermentation was progressing in a negative direction.

Continuous administration test of L-Trp Using the same two goats (D) and (E) as in the previous test, L-Trp was administered.
-Trl) was administered for 7 consecutive days. Goat (D) was treated with L-Trp2. with a rumen bypass rate of 95%.
5 g daily and 2.5 g L-Trp for goats (E).
was administered in the same manner as in the above test, and the number of ciliary wheels and pH were examined over time. The results are shown in FIG. 1 (change in ciliary wheel number) and FIG. 2 (change in pH).

As is clear from Figure 1, L without lumen bypass
In the case of -T beating, the number of ciliates died to ~O after one week, II decreased to 4.54 as shown in Figure 2, and the goats hardly ate any food.

Incidentally, the goat in (E) was severely beaten and was hardly eating food at the end of the one-week test. As a countermeasure, I injected about 2g of the rumen solution from another healthy goat into the rumen bypass (for 2 days), and I saw gradual recovery.In about 3 weeks, the goat had recovered completely and the number of ciliary wheels had decreased to 3.
It recovered to about X105.

Example 1 Long-distance transportation test during shipping 20 Japanese Black cattle were divided into 2 groups from a Wagyu cattle fattening farm in the east of Kita i-dori Road to a slaughterhouse in Tokyo, and were transported to test sections (Ru -B'/-L-
TrD agent administration group) and control group (non-administration group) were transported by truck (approximately 28 hours) to test the effect of preventing a decrease in meat quality due to transportation.

1) The conditions of the cows are the same - they are at about the same age on the farm (2
The cows used were Japanese black cattle, suitable for shipping, with an average weight of 650 kg (6 months to 30 months old), and fed the same feed.

When dividing the two groups, it was noted that the test group and control group were
We tried to make sure that conditions such as age, weight, male (castrated), female, and nervous cows were as uniform as possible.

2) Ru-BV-L-Trp administration time and dose (300 g was administered in 4 doses) L-Trp agent with a rumen bypass rate of 95% used in the test example (Trp content = 30%) %) was mixed with a small amount of beet pulp powder and administered at the times shown in the table below.

After the administration of 1009 immediately before shipment, blood was collected from the cranial and scapular veins, and two trucks were loaded with cows from the test and control areas evenly, and the process started at 10 a.m.
It took 28 hours to transport it to the slaughterhouse in Tokyo. Immediately after arriving at the slaughterhouse, the cow was unloaded and blood was collected from the head. The animals were slaughtered in the morning of the next day, and graded and meat quality was evaluated the next day.

Exsanguinated blood was collected at the time of sacrifice. Table 2 shows the meat quality evaluation results.

All collected blood was immediately separated into plasma on site, frozen, and taken home for analysis of lactic acid in the plasma. The results are shown in Table 3.

Results of the 11th Degree Town Test: Rating is the most important measure for evaluating overall meat quality, but when it is quantified and averaged, there is a one-rank difference and the test area has improved. . On the other hand, in terms of flesh color in visual evaluation, the number of animals in the 8th rank is almost the same, but there are many test sections in the Palanque, and in particular, the C rank, which has poor flesh color,
In the test area, there were 0, showing a clear difference. Results similar to those for the flesh color were obtained for the tightening, and there was a clear difference in that the test plot had many Pararanks and no C rank. The water retention rate was also improved in the test plot.

Regarding the relationship between meat quality and plasma milk acid content, the difference was greatest immediately after arrival at the slaughterhouse, where the stress of transportation is thought to have the greatest effect, and even after slaughter, the lactic acid content in the test plots was significantly lower, indicating that the meat quality was significantly lower. It is in good agreement with

Example 2 A test was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amount of the Ru-BV-L-Trp agent used was changed.

R in amounts containing 3g, 3g, 6g, 69 as L-Trp
The LI-sy agent was administered four times and the animals were transported in the same manner as in Example 1, and blood was collected in the same manner.

Table 4 shows the evaluation results of the meat quality after layer killing. The amounts are shown in Table 5.

In terms of flesh color and firmness in visual evaluation,
The test group was found to be slightly better in both the average rating and the amount of milk acid in blood, but there were no significant differences in either. The wrinkles around this area are considered to be the limit of effectiveness.

Table 3 Evaluation of Flesh Quality (1) Same as Table 2 Example 3 A transport test of Japanese Kuroge was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that N-acetyltryptophan powder was used.

Before shipping, N-acetyltryptophan is divided into 4 doses.
20g 43 hours before transportation, 40g 24 hours before 15 hours, and 40g just before transportation, a total of 140g was mixed with a small amount of food and administered, and transportation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1.
Blood sampling was also performed in the same manner. Table 6 shows the evaluation results of meat quality after layer killing.
Table 7 shows the amount of lactic acid in the blood.

In terms of ratings, there is a significant difference of less than one rank. In the visual evaluation, the major difference from the control plot was that there were no samples with a poor C rank in both flesh color and firmness in the test plot.

The number of palanques was also good in the test plot, and the water retention rate was also good in the test plot. As mentioned above, the meat quality was improved in all items compared to the control group, and the movement of blood serum milk acid content also agreed well with this result, as in Example 1, and the rumen bypass performance of N-acetyltryptophan and the height of L −T rp
The function has been fully demonstrated.

Past-Dan Furumachi Ryosada (1) Same as Table 2

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1 and 2 show Ru -sy -L-Trp and L -T I'p for Saanen goats (female), respectively.
Rumen agent when administered for 7 consecutive days Patent Attorney Kuni Hisashi Oya 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 (El) Figure 1 Figure 2

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1) Flesh quality of ruminant animals, characterized in that a rumen bypass agent of L-tryptophan or its salt is administered at a dose of 10 mg to 400 mg/kg body weight per day within 48 hours before transportation or movement of the ruminant animals. How to improve. 2) The method for improving meat quality of ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the rumen bypass agent is a coating agent in which the solubility of L-tryptophan or its salt is adjusted. 3) The method for improving meat quality of ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the rumen bypass agent is N-acetyltryptophan.