JPH01152316A - Load detector for elevator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable refined torque control with accurate detection of a load within a cage, by arranging a load detector of an elevator made up of a detector using a high temperature superconductive material to detect a load working on a support device for supporting the cage. CONSTITUTION:When a first superconductive coil 26a is placed at a position of detection to make a detection magnetic flux phi1 of a magnetostrictive material 23 interlink it, as a connection section 26c, a second superconductive coil 26b and a Hall element 27 are magnetically shielded separately, an opposite magnetic flux phi2 interlinking the first superconductive coil 26b comes to interlink the second superconductive coil 26b. This holds a formula of L1.phi1=L2.phi2. When a flux density within the second superconductive coil 26b is represented by B2, the B2 is expressed by the following formula: B2=L1.B1/L2. As L1>L2, the flux density B2 in the second superconductive coil 26b is larger than the B1. That is, the magnetic flux is amplified to be applied to the Hall element 27 thereby enabling a highly sensitive measurement.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an elevator load detection device that detects an unbalanced load between a car side and a counterweight side by measuring the car side load of an elevator.

[Prior Art] In an elevator, the load torque acting on the hoisting motor changes depending on the number of passengers in the car, and due to the fluctuation of this torque, sudden acceleration and deceleration occur when the car is started and decelerated, resulting in poor ride comfort. There were problems in that the time required to reach the target speed was increased. In order to deal with such problems, conventional methods have been used, for example, to provide a weighing device on the top of the car or under the floor of the car.

In other words, with conventional equipment, the load inside the car is detected by using a microswitch or the like to detect the deflection of a shackle spring installed at the end of the lobe that suspends the car, and this detection result is used to control the hoisting motor to ensure smooth operation. Do you want to accelerate or decelerate?
Alternatively, the heel floor is supported by an elastic body such as rubber, and the deflection of this elastic body is detected by a differential transformer, etc. to detect the load inside the car, and this detection result is used to control the hoisting motor to ensure smooth application. I was trying to slow down.

Figure 8 shows an elevator using a conventional load detection device, and Figures 9 and 10 (a) and (b) respectively show load detection devices for elevators. (2) is the machine room located directly above the hoistway (1), (2a) is the floor of the machine room (2), and (2b) is this floor (2).
(3) is a support beam that is erected on the floor (2a) and placed in a position corresponding to the peripheral wall of the hoistway (1); (4) is supported at both ends by the support beam (3). Fixed machine stand, (
5) is a base placed on this machine table (4) via vibration isolating rubber (6), and (7) is a base placed in the width direction of this base (5), and The drive sheave (8) is placed almost in the center of the deflection beam (9) hanging down from the base (5).
) is a deflection sheave attached to the drive sheave (7) and is arranged in correspondence with the driving sheave (7). (10) is a bearing stand fixed to the base (5) and supporting one end of the shaft of the drive sheave (7); (11)
is mainly composed of parallel shaft gears, is fixed to the base (5), and is a speed reducer that drives the drive sheave (7), (12) is the electric motor that drives this speed reducer (11), and (13) is the reducer that drives the drive sheave (7). floor(
2a) cinder concrete laid on top, (17)
is the main rope that is wrapped around the driving sheave (7) and the deflection sheave (8) and is suspended from the hole (2b) to the hoistway (1);
15) is a cage connected to one end of the main rope (14);
a) is the car frame, (15b) is the car room, (tsc) is an elastic body placed on the car frame (15a) and supports the car floor (15d), and (15e) is the deflection of this elastic body (15c). A differential transformer detects the amount, and this detection result is transmitted through the cable (
(not shown) to the machine room (2). (16
) is a counterweight.

In the elevator configured as described above, when the load in the car (15b) is detected by the differential transformer (tse), the unbalanced load between the load on the car side and the load on the counterweight side is calculated. Based on this calculation result, it is possible to detect the unbalanced torque applied to the sheave (7) and ultimately to the electric motor (12) at the time of startup.

Furthermore, (15f) is the upper beam of the car frame (15a), (17a
) is attached to the end of the main rope (17), and the car frame (15
(18) is a shackle spring, (19) is a connecting plate that connects multiple shackles, (
20) is a microswitch, (21) is an operating rod for operating the microswitch (20), and (22) is an operating spring. The detection results of the microswitch (20) are transmitted to a control panel (not shown) in the machine room (2) via a cable (not shown).

In the elevator configured as described above, when the load in the car is detected by the microswitch (20), the unbalanced load between the load on the car side and the load on the counterweight side is calculated. Based on this calculation result, it is possible to detect the unbalanced torque applied to the sheave and, by extension, to the electric motor at the time of startup.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] As described above, the conventional elevator load detection device is composed of an operating rod and a microswitch that transmit the load of the car chamber through an elastic body, and therefore the number of installed detection devices is limited. However, there is a problem in that it is not possible to accurately detect the presence of passengers in the car and to perform fine torque control.

Furthermore, in conventional load detection devices, when detecting the load in the car compartment using an elastic body interposed between the car floor and the car frame as described above, the deflection of the elastic body such as rubber is detected by an actuating transformer. However, the load cannot be detected accurately because the rubber undergoes aging, known as drift, and the amount of deflection changes depending on the ambient temperature. To solve this problem, there is a method of using metal springs that do not change over time or change with temperature, but metal springs have a small amount of deflection, so even if the deflection is detected with a differential transformer, the accuracy is still low. It could not be detected well. If a soft metal spring with a small spring constant is used, the amount of deflection will increase, but it has the disadvantage that it becomes fluffy when a passenger gets on board, so the spring constant cannot be made very small.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an elevator load detection device that can accurately detect the loads of passengers in the car.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The elevator load detection device according to the present invention detects the distortion of a support that supports a car using a sensor using a high-temperature superconductor.

[Function] The elevator load detection device according to the present invention detects the load inside the car by detecting the load of the support that supports the car compartment, which changes depending on the number of passengers in the car. It is.

[Example] Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an enlarged view of essential parts of an elevator load detection device according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan view of the device according to the present invention. In the figure, (23) is a magnetic layer, and the main rope (23) that suspends the car (15) is
14) A plurality of magnetic materials ( For example, magnetostrictive materials (23) are made of shackles (permalloy) at predetermined intervals.
17) are arranged in the circumferential direction. (24), (2
5) are an electromagnet and a coil, respectively, and these electromagnets (
24), the coil (25) constitutes an excitation coil, which excites the shackle (17) in the direction in which tension is generated due to the heel load, and also excites the magnetostrictive material (23). (26) is a load detection device. (28a) is a first superconducting coil arranged around the magnetostrictive material (23) at a magnetic flux detection position interlinking with the magnetic flux of the magnetostrictive material (23), and (26b) is this first superconducting coil (2 [ia ) and a connection part (2) consisting of a superconducting wire
ftc) and having a smaller inductance than the first superconducting coil (26b), a second superconducting coil (27) is surrounded by this second superconducting coil (26b) and a second Superconducting coil (26
a Hall element (28
) is a magnetic shield, and this magnetic shield (28) covers the second superconducting coil (26b) and the Hall element (27) together with the connecting portion (26C) to shield magnetic flux entering from the outside.

The load detection device (2B) connects these first superconducting coils (2
6a), connection part (26c), second superconducting coil (
26b), a Hall element (27), and a magnetic shield (28).

In this load detection device (26), the inductance of the first superconducting coil (28a) is (Ll), and the inductance of the second superconducting coil (26b) is (L2).

The first and second superconducting coils (26a) and (26b) are each operated at a temperature that brings them into a superconducting state. The first superconducting coil (2fia) is placed in the magnetic flux detection position, that is, in the external magnetic field to be measured. Let the magnetic flux density be (B1).

When the first superconducting coil (26a) is placed in the detected magnetic flux (Φ1) of the magnetostrictive material (23), a permanent surface current flows through the superconductor so that the magnetic flux density inside the superconductor becomes zero. This is called the Meissner effect. This persistent current flows through the second superconducting coil (26b) and causes the second superconducting coil (26b) to generate magnetic flux (Φ2).

Therefore, when the first superconducting coil (28a) is placed at the detection position and the detection magnetic flux (Φ1) of the magnetostrictive material (23) is interlinked, the connection part (2fic), the second superconducting coil (26b)
and the Hall element (27) are magnetically shielded, so that the magnetic flux (Φ2) in the opposite direction interlinked with the first superconducting coil (26a) interlinks with the second superconducting coil (26b). That is, Ll・Φ1=L2・Φ
Equation 2 holds true. Further, if the magnetic flux density in the second superconducting coil (26b) is (B2), (B2) is approximately the following formula % Formula % In the embodiment of this invention, since Ll>L2, the second superconducting coil The magnetic flux density (B2) in (26b) is larger than (B1). That is, the magnetic flux is amplified and applied to the Hall element (27), allowing highly sensitive measurement.

Note that the superconductor connecting portion (26c) connecting the first superconducting coil (26a) and the second superconducting coil (26b) is parallel and close to each other, so magnetic flux cancels each other out and is not generated outside, but magnetic flux from the outside is generated. In order to avoid being affected by magnetic flux, it is desirable that this part also be magnetically shielded.

Next, FIG. 3 shows the measurement principle of a load detection device using the Hall effect. (29) and (30) are terminals that flow current (1) to the Hall element (27), (31) and (32), respectively.
) are terminals for measuring the voltage (V) of the Hall element (27). The Hall element (27) is placed in the magnetic field of the second superconducting coil (26b), and both terminals (29) (30)
When a current (1) is passed between them and the magnetic field generated in the second superconducting coil (28b) is applied to the Hall element (27), a voltage is generated in a direction perpendicular to both the current and the magnetic field. This is called the Hall effect, and by applying a magnetic field, the electrons in the Hall element (27) move while bending. In this way, a potential difference (v) is generated in a direction perpendicular to the electric field and the magnetic field. This potential difference is expressed by the following equation.

V=R, h −B −1/d where d is the thickness of the Hall element, B is the strength of the magnetic field, ■ is the current flowing through the Hall element, and Rh is the Hall coefficient.

Therefore, by measuring this voltage (V), the magnetic field B
can be measured.

Next, the operation will be described.

The magnetic layer (23) has the characteristics shown in FIG.

That is, when no force is applied, the curve 18 becomes as shown by the symbol do, and when tension is applied, the slope becomes larger according to the magnitude of the tension, as shown by the symbol du. Since B/H is the magnetic permeability μ, the leakage magnetic flux induced in the shackle (17) by the exciting coil (25) changes depending on the magnetic permeability μ, and the larger μ is, the larger the leakage magnetic flux is. Therefore, the voltage (V) generated in the Hall element (27) increases as the tension increases, so that the load inside the car can be detected.

Other embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 5(a), 5(b) to 6.

In the figure, (15g) is a car floor frame provided at the bottom of the car floor (15d), and this car floor frame (15g) is
d) A first elastic body (33) made of anti-vibration rubber or the like having a vibration damping property that damps vibrations of the elevator heel (15) is arranged at the lower part of the overlap between the car floor frame (15 g) and the elevator car floor frame (15 g). . (34) is the first elastic body (33) and the car frame (1
5a), this second elastic body (34) is made of a plate spring or the like having a substantially U-shaped cross section, and is arranged in series with the first elastic body (33). Connected to the basket (15)
is supported. Therefore, the exact load of the heel (15) whose vibrations are damped by the first elastic body (33) is applied to the second elastic body (34). (24
) and (25) are an electromagnet and a coil, respectively, and these electromagnet (24) and coil (25) constitute an excitation coil. On the outer peripheral surface of the back of the second elastic body (34),
A plurality of magnetostrictive materials (23) (for example, permalloy) are attached along the surface of the second elastic body (34) at a predetermined interval so that the inclination angle is 45 degrees with respect to the longitudinal center line. They are arranged in the circumferential direction of the second elastic body (34).

Therefore, the load detection device (26) having the same configuration as the first embodiment is configured such that when a load is applied to the car floor (15d),
When a load is applied to the second elastic body (34), this second elastic body (34)
The strain of the elastic body (34) is detected as a change in the magnetic flux of the magnetostrictive material (23).

Next, the operation of the apparatus according to this embodiment will be described.

The magnetic layer (23) has the characteristics shown in FIG.

That is, the B-8 curve when no force is acting has the sign do
When a compressive force is applied, the slope becomes smaller according to the magnitude of the compressive force, as indicated by the symbol dα. B/)
Since l is the magnetic permeability μ, the leakage magnetic flux induced in the leaf spring (34) by the excitation coil (25) changes depending on the magnetic permeability μ, and the smaller μ is, the smaller the leakage magnetic flux is. Therefore, the voltage (V) generated in the Hall element (27) becomes smaller as the compressive force becomes larger, so that the load inside the car can be detected. In addition,
Examples of the superconducting materials according to the present invention include NbTi-based superconducting alloys, Nb3Sn-based intermetallic compounds, and high-temperature oxide superconductors with high critical temperatures such as Ba-Y-Cu-0 and 5c-5r-CuO systems. Various types of superconductors are used.

Further, in the above embodiment, a Hall element was used as the magnetic sensor, but even if it is applied to other magnetic sensors, the measured magnetic flux density can be amplified and the measurement sensitivity can be greatly improved.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, the load detection device for the elevator is configured with a detection device using a high-temperature superconducting material, and the load acting on the support that supports the car is detected. , the load inside the car can be accurately detected and the effect of fine-grained torque control can be achieved.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a sectional view showing the main parts of an elevator load detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of the device, and Fig. 3 shows the measurement principle of a Hall element using the Hall effect. FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing the characteristics of the magnetostrictive material attached to the shackle, and FIGS. 6 is a schematic plan view of the device, FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram showing the characteristics of the magnetostrictive material attached to the leaf spring, and FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing a conventional elevator. FIGS. 9 and 10a and 10b are a front view, a front vertical cross-sectional view, and a side cross-sectional view, respectively, showing a conventional elevator load detection device. (15): Basket, (15a): Basket frame, (15b):
Car room, (15d): Car floor, (15f): Car frame upper beam, (15g): Car floor frame, (17): Main rope, (17
a): Shackle, (23): l+n strained material, (24
), (25): Excitation coil, (26): Load detection device, (26a): First superconducting coil, (26b): Second superconducting coil, (26c): Connection section, (27): Hall element , (28): magnetic shield,
(33): First elastic body (vibration-proof rubber), (34): Second elastic body (plate spring). In addition, in the figures, the same reference numerals indicate the same or corresponding parts.

Claims (6)

[Claims] (1) In an elevator load detection device that supports a car with a support and detects the load of the car, an excitation coil that excites the support in the direction of load generation, and an excitation coil that is attached to the surface of the support and are spaced apart from each other at a predetermined distance. A magnetostrictive material is arranged in parallel at a predetermined angle with respect to the load generation direction and is excited by the excitation coil, and a magnetostrictive material that freely passes through the support and interlinks with the magnetic flux of the magnetostrictive material around the magnetostrictive material. a first superconducting coil disposed at a position to
The superconducting coil is arranged at a position interlinking with the magnetic flux of the second superconducting coil, and when the load of the support is generated, the detected magnetic flux of the magnetostrictive material that is applied to the first superconducting coil is generated in the second superconducting coil. An elevator characterized in that it is equipped with a Hall element that detects magnetic flux and electrically detects the magnitude of a load applied to a support, and is configured to detect the load of an elevator car based on the detection result of the Hall element. Load detection device. (2) A patent claim characterized in that the second superconducting coil has a smaller inductance than the first superconducting coil, and amplifies the detected magnetic flux of the magnetostrictive material that is applied to the first superconducting coil when a load is generated on the support. The load detection device for an elevator according to item 1. (3) The second superconducting coil and the Hall element are covered together with the connecting portion by a magnetic shield that shields magnetism from the outside. Elevator load detection device. (4) Load detection in an elevator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the magnetostrictive material is attached to a shackle provided at the end of the main rope that suspends the car. Device. (5) Any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the magnetostrictive material is attached to an elastic body interposed between the car floor of the car room and the car frame that supports the car room. The elevator load detection device described in . (6) a first elastic body that dampens the vibrations of the elevator car, and a second elastic body that is connected in series with the first elastic body and has a spring characteristic of displacement corresponding to the load; An elevator load detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that the elevator load detection device comprises: