JPH01141307A - Method and device for measuring volume - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the method by which the minimum volume of a virtual hexahedron can be measured quickly and with high accuracy by allowing an object to be measured to abut on a corner part of three orthogonal reference surfaces and measuring a position of the corner part of the virtual hexahedron to which the object to be measured is inscribed. CONSTITUTION:Three reference surfaces 1, 2a and 2b being orthogonal to each other are formed, and an object to be measured is placed on the base 1 among them, and also, a side part of the object to be measured is allowed to abut on the other side walls 2a, 2b. Subsequently, the minimum virtual hexahedron to which the object to be measured is inscribed is supposed, and a corner part 6 which is not abutting on each reference surface 1, 2a and 2b of its virtual hexahedron is determined. Next, this corner part 6, an intersection A of the reference surfaces 2a, 2b and a distance 4 between this intersection A and points B, C being in the same plane are measured, and a spatial position of the corner part 6 is specified. In the end, from a position of this corner part 6, volume of the virtual hexahedron is calculated.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention [Objective of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) The present invention provides a method for storing cargo in a limited space, for example, by determining the minimum volume of a virtual hexahedron including the space occupied by the cargo. The present invention relates to a method and device for measuring volume.

(Prior art) For example, when storing cargo in a limited space such as a warehouse, container, refrigerated vehicle, or truck, it may be necessary to know the maximum number of pieces that can be stored in advance. It is necessary to measure the smallest volume of a hexahedron.

For example, when storing cargo in a truncated cone-shaped tub, a hypothetical hexahedron with a square bottom whose side is the diameter of the cargo whose horizontal cross-sectional area is maximum, and the height of the cargo. If the cargo is handled as such, the required volume can be measured.

To this end, we have developed a method of measuring the diameter of the cargo with a tape measure that maximizes the horizontal cross-sectional area and the height of the cargo to calculate the volume, and of moving a contact-type measuring device three-dimensionally to measure the height of the three-dimensional object. There is a method of measuring the shape of a three-dimensional object using a shape measuring device or a three-dimensional optical contour measuring device, and then calculating the volume.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) As mentioned above, when measuring with a tape measure, when the horizontal cross-section of a three-dimensional object has a complicated shape, or when the horizontal cross-section of the three-dimensional object has a height If the direction is different,
Determining the base of a virtual hexahedron is troublesome.

Further, although the above-mentioned device can accurately measure the shape of a three-dimensional object, it has the problem of being an expensive device.

The present invention has been made in view of the problems of the prior art described above, and its first purpose is to provide a method for quickly and accurately measuring the minimum volume of a virtual hexahedron including the space occupied by a three-dimensional object. The second object is to provide a device that quickly and accurately measures the minimum volume of a virtual hexahedron including the space occupied by a three-dimensional object, thereby improving volume measurement efficiency.

"Structure of the Invention" (Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention for achieving the first object described above has a three-dimensional object to be measured on the bottom reference plane of three mutually orthogonal reference planes. Place the object to be measured and abut it on both side reference surfaces, and each side reference of the upper end measurement surface is formed by the upper surface of the object itself or by a rectangular virtual plane inscribed with this upper surface. The distance between a corner that does not touch the surface and a predetermined point on the line of intersection between the reference plane and a point on another reference plane that is on the same horizontal plane as this point is measured, and from this measurement value it is determined that the solid is in space. This is a volume measurement method that calculates the volume occupied by the area.

In order to achieve the above second object, the present invention provides a base formed on a flat surface, and a first side wall and a second side wall that are orthogonal to each other are vertically provided, and a solid body placed on the base is provided. The object to be measured is in contact with the first side wall and the second side wall, and the object to be measured is formed by the upper surface itself of the object to be measured or by a rectangular virtual plane inscribed with the upper surface of the object to be measured. An upper end measurement surface is formed by the abutting measurement aid, and a point on the intersection line where the corner portions of the upper end measurement surface that do not contact the both side walls intersect with the both side walls, and the third point on the same horizontal plane as this point. 1. A signal from a length measuring device that measures the distance to a point on the second side wall is input to a calculation means that calculates the volume that the three-dimensional object occupies by calculating the length measured by the length measuring device. This is a volume measuring device.

(Function) A first side wall and a second side wall that are orthogonal to each other are vertically provided on a base formed on a flat surface, and a three-dimensional object to be measured placed on the base is placed between the first side wall and the second side wall. 2. By forming an upper end measurement surface by a measuring aid that comes into contact with the object to be measured and comes into contact with the object to be measured so as to be formed by the upper surface of the object to be measured itself or by a rectangular virtual plane inscribed with this upper surface. , all planes of the virtual hexahedron including the space occupied by the object to be measured are determined. Among the corners of the upper end measurement surface of this virtual hexahedron, a corner that does not touch both side walls and a point on the intersection line where the both side walls intersect, and a first point on the same horizontal plane as this point.
, the distance from the point on the second side wall is measured, and the volume of the virtual hexahedron can be calculated from the measured value. This improves the efficiency of measuring the smallest volume of the virtual hexahedron including the space occupied by the object to be measured.

(Example) Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained based on the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a volume measuring method and a volume measuring device embodying the device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 shows measuring tape 4 in Figures 1, 3, and 7.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view of 6 of the corner resting device shown in FIG. 1, and the same members as those shown in FIG. 1 are given the same reference numerals.

First, the configuration of the device will be explained.

The base part on which the three-dimensional object to be measured is placed has a base 1 formed on a flat surface, and the side wall part that the object to be measured comes into contact with has 1 at a right-angled corner, and the height of the object to be measured is a first side wall 2a and a second side wall 2, which have a height of at least
It has b. The length measuring device part can be freely fed out, and the measuring tape 4 has 63 holes at regular intervals.
It has a length detection section that measures the length of the tape that has been fed out by detecting the number of holes that have been fed out, and an output section that outputs data from the length detection section. The length measuring device 5 is installed at point A, which is the upper end position of the intersection line where the side walls 2a and 2b intersect, and at point B and point 0, which are the upper end positions of the side walls 2a and 2b, respectively. The measuring aid part forming the upper end measurement surface has three axes perpendicular to each other, and the surface including the apex P point is all flat, and the apex P includes the measuring tape 4 fed out from the length measuring machine 5 and the like. It has a corner resting device 6 whose ends are connected. The calculation unit for calculating the volume includes a transmission cable 7 for transmitting and inputting the length data of the measuring tape 4 measured by the length measuring machine 5.
and an arithmetic processing device 8 that calculates the volume and outputs the arithmetic result.

A volume measuring device is constituted by these parts.

Next, the principle of calculation will be explained according to FIG.

Assume that the volume of a rectangular hexahedron N is determined in rectangular coordinates with the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis as coordinate axes. The coordinates of point P are P (x
, y, z), and the coordinates of point A are A(U, O.

d), the coordinates of point B are B(0,0,d), and the coordinates of point C are C
(0, m, d), and the lengths of point P, point A, point B, and point C are respectively a, b, and c. Also, the coordinates of point A′ are A
”(Ω, O, z), and the coordinates of point B are B-(0, O
, z), and the coordinates of point C' are C-(0, m, z).

If Pythagorean theorem is used in triangle AA″P, a2=(x−Ω)2+y2+(d−z)2 can be easily derived.

Similarly, b2=x2+y2+(d-z)2 is derived from triangle BB''P, and c2=x2+(ym)2+(d-z)2 is derived from triangle cc-p.

As a result, if a, b, c, d, and 91m are known, x, y, and z can be found, and by multiplying X, y, and Z, the volume of the rectangular hexahedron N can be found.

Next, a method for measuring the volume of, for example, a rectangular hexahedral cargo will be described.

First, the cargo is placed on the base 1, and the corner KI provided by both side walls 2a and 2b, and the base 1 and both side walls 2a and 2
Press the corner part 2 and the cargo so that they are in contact with the corner part provided by b. In this state, move the corner protector 6 so that the three axes of the corner protector 6 align with the corner of the upper corner of the cargo that has three mutually perpendicular axes that are not in contact with the side walls 2a, 2b. guess. This determines all planes of the virtual hexahedron including the space occupied by the cargo.

Among the corners of the upper end measurement surface of this virtual hexahedron, measure the lengths of the three measuring tapes 4 that are fed out from the corners that do not touch the side walls 2a and 2b, and from point A, point B, and point 0, respectively. Measure each length using long machine 5.

The measured length data is transmitted to the arithmetic processing unit, processed based on the above-mentioned calculation principle, and then outputs the calculation result.
Perform volume measurements.

Next, a case will be described in which the volume of the cargo R in a truncated conical tub is measured.

Since the cargo R does not have a corner having three axes perpendicular to each other, the corner guard 6 cannot be used up to i. Therefore, for example, a cornering aid 9 as shown in FIG. 5 is required. The squaring aid 9 is attached to a top plate 10 having two orthogonal axes, and has a length that is equal to or less than the height of the cargo R and has a length that can contact the maximum width and maximum depth of the cargo R from the top surface. 2, in which two side plates 11 having a diameter are provided so as to have corners perpendicular to two axes perpendicular to the top plate 10.
It has two pseudo corner tools 12. Furthermore, a telescopic joint 13 that supports the pseudo corner tool 12 is attached.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing how to use the cornering aid 9.

First, extend the telescopic joint 13 and cover it so that the top plate 10 is in contact with the upper end surface of the cargo R and the corner of one of the pseudo corner fittings 12 is in close contact with the corner of the side wall 2,
If the joint 13 is expanded and contracted so that the two side plates 11 of the other pseudo corner tool contact the maximum width and maximum depth of the cargo, the upper corner of the virtual hexahedron will come into contact with the side wall 2. A corner having three mutually perpendicular axes that are not parallel is determined.

Once the corner is determined, the corner resting device 6 can be used, and the subsequent steps are as described above.

There is a corner abutting device 14 that has the same function as the corner abutting device 6 that constitutes the measurement aid section described above. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the hitting tool 14 is made of two flat plates with a 3 at a right-angled corner, a part of the flat plate 15 is cut out to form a tip 16, and a measuring tape is attached to the tip 16. The other end of the tape 4 is connected.

If all of the upper corners of the three-dimensional object to be measured, including the corners that are not in contact with the side wall 2 and have three mutually perpendicular axes, are flat, and using the cornering aid 9, When the corner has been determined, place 3 on the right-angled corner of the hitting tool 14 on any one of the three axes that are perpendicular to each other, and move the tool along the axis until the tip 16 coincides with the corner. By moving , the required corner can be found.

In addition, in the case of a three-dimensional object whose horizontal cross-section is a circle and whose maximum diameter is the upper end surface, specifically, a column-shaped, bucket-shaped, etc. By using the device 14, the maximum diameter of the baggage can be determined without using the cornering aid 9 to determine pseudo corners, thereby creating a virtual hexahedron whose base is a square with the maximum diameter as one side. The volume of can be measured.

The main part of how to use the hitting device 14 at this time is shown in FIG.

As shown in the figure, the tip 16 of the hitting instrument 14 at this time
It is used by placing it in contact with the top circumference of the baggage.

The principle of calculation at this time will be explained with reference to FIG.

In rectangular coordinates with the X and Y axes as coordinate axes, a circle with a diameter of X is in contact with the X and Y axes. The point M-(
m, m). Point P (x/2. x/2.m>.

Now, in the triangle M″PQ, the distance of PM- is x/2 and the distance of PQ is rn-x/2, so between the two distances, x/2=p(m-x/2 ) The following relationship holds true.If we rearrange this, we get x=(2,/
E/(1+JT > ) m is derived. As is clear from this equation, once the coordinates of point M- are found, the diameter of the circle can be found, and therefore the coordinates of point N'', which is the diagonal of the origin 0 of a square whose side is the diameter of the circle, can be found. can.

Next, the above-mentioned calculation principle will be applied to the present volume measuring device and explained.

Point O corresponds to point A shown in Figure 1, point 8, and point T corresponds to the first point.
This corresponds to point C and point 6 shown in the figure. As shown in FIG. 8, the hitting device 14 is placed so that the tip 16 of the hitting device 14 is in contact with the upper end circumference, and B
Move it to a position where the length of the measuring tape between point C and the tip 16 is equal to the length of the measuring tape between point C and the tip 16 (the position corresponding to point M'' in FIG. 9). The X coordinate, X coordinate, and 2 coordinates of the position can be obtained based on the principle shown in Fig. 4.
The coordinates corresponding to point M'' in the figure will be found,
Based on the above-mentioned principle, the coordinates corresponding to the point N'' are found. Based on these coordinates and the Z (height) found earlier, the cylindrical shape,
This means that it is possible to find the volume of a virtual hexahedron whose base is a square whose side is the maximum diameter of a bucket-shaped item.

In the illustrated embodiment, the base part and the calculation processing part are placed separately, but they may be integrated into one piece.Moving means such as casters may be provided at the part that contacts the bottom surface to facilitate movement. It may be provided.

In addition, in the illustrated embodiment, the base is only a flat base, but in order to facilitate the loading and unloading of the object to be measured, the base may be provided with rollers or the like. A flat plate that can be freely moved on the base may be provided.

Further, a measuring device for measuring the weight of the three-dimensional object to be measured may be incorporated into the base portion.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, length measurement for finding the minimum volume of a virtual hexahedron including the space occupied by a three-dimensional object and having all right angles can be automatically performed using a length measuring machine. By performing data processing in the calculation unit and further processing the data in the calculation unit, it is possible to improve calculation accuracy, shorten the length measurement process and volume calculation process, and improve volume measurement efficiency.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an automatic volume measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a measuring tape, and FIG.
The figure is an enlarged perspective view of the corner resting tool, Figure 4 is an explanatory diagram of the principle of calculation, Figure 5 is an enlarged perspective view of the cornering aid, and Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing how to use the cornering aid. 7 is an enlarged perspective view of the hitting device, FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the main part of how to use the hitting device, and FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of the principle of calculation for calculating the diameter of a circle. 1... Base, 2... Side wall, 3... Hole, 4... Measuring tape, 5... Length measuring device, 6... Corner stopper,
7...Transmission cable, 8...Arithmetic processing unit, 9...
- Cornering aid, 14... hitting device. Patent applicant Nishama Co., Ltd. Agent
Patent Attorney 8 1) Mikio (and 1 other person) Figure 5 I2

Claims (5)

[Claims] (1) On the bottom reference plane of the three mutually orthogonal reference planes,
Measurement of the upper end of a three-dimensional object to be measured, which is placed and brought into contact with the reference surfaces on both sides, and is formed by the upper surface of the object itself or by a rectangular virtual plane inscribed with the upper surface of the object. Measure the distance between a corner that does not touch each side reference plane of the surface and a predetermined point on the line of intersection where the reference plane intersects, and a point on another reference plane that is in the same horizontal plane as this point, and A volume measurement method that calculates the volume occupied by the three-dimensional space based on measured values. (2) A first side wall and a second side wall that are orthogonal to each other are vertically provided on a base formed on a flat surface, and a three-dimensional object to be measured placed on the base is placed on the first side wall. and the second side wall, and a measurement surface is formed by a measurement auxiliary tool that comes into contact with the object to be measured so as to be formed by the upper surface of the object to be measured itself or by a rectangular virtual plane inscribed with this upper surface. and the distance between a corner of the upper end measurement surface that does not touch the both side walls, a point on the intersection line where the both side walls intersect, and a point on the first and second side walls that is on the same horizontal plane as this point. A volume measuring device that inputs a signal from a length measuring device to be measured into a calculation means that calculates the volume that the three-dimensional object occupies by calculating the length measured by the length measuring device. (3) The measuring device includes a measuring tape having holes or recesses formed at predetermined intervals, and a length detecting section that measures the length from the number of holes or recesses through which the measuring tape is pulled out from the main body. The volume measuring device according to claim 2, further comprising an output section that outputs data from the length detection section to the calculation means. (4) The volume measuring device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the measurement aid is formed of three flat plates that are perpendicular to each other. (5) The volume measuring device according to any one of claims 2 to 3, wherein the measurement aid is formed of two flat plates orthogonal to each other.